Nsalu polyirethane: Izi ndi chiyani? Kapangidwe ka polyurethane, mapangidwe a nsalu zopangira ndi matumba, jekete ndi masiketi

Munthawi yayikulu Polyirethane - Ichi ndi polymer, ndipo zimachitika mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutengera kapangidwe kake. Zonse za nsalu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zake zidawerenga m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi nkhaniyi ndi chiyani?

Monga mapulaneti onse amapezeka mukamacheza ndi ma polyls angapo . Kutengera pazogulitsa zomaliza (kuti zikhale zolimba kapena kusinthasintha), mankhwalawa amatha kukhala ndi zosakaniza zina, monga othandizira, kapena antipyroins osakanikirana kwambiri omwe amapatsa mphamvu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi wopanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu.

1. Zochita zamankhwala ndi zondikwapuka.
2. Shafts, matayala, ofuna kugwedezeka ndi zina zambiri pa ntchito yomanga ndi mafakitale auto.
3. Zolemba pakupanga mipando, zovala, nsapato, zida, zida zokopa alendo komanso katundu kunyumba.
4. Katundu wina wogula (zotengera, mabotolo, ma diap).

Zitha kunenedwa kuti lero Ili ndiye polymer wotchuka kwambiri Kugwiritsa ntchito kumadera osiyanasiyana a moyo wa munthu, ngakhale m'makampani amafuta popanga ma booms (moto woyandama woyandama). Chovala cha Polyeline ndi chosavuta komanso cholimba kwambiri. Onse amagwiritsa ntchito Iyo mu mawonekedwe kapena wina tsiku lililonse - kunyumba, muofesi, galimoto, pa tchuthi chosangalatsidwa ndi masewera.

Zolemba zamakono zopangidwa ndi ulusi wopangidwa ndi zojambula zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zotetezeka kuti moyo wathu ukhale wotetezeka kwambiri, womasuka komanso wochezeka.

Kapangidwe ndi katundu

Polyirethanes (PU) ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri la ma polima okhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pali anthu masauzande ambiri achilengedwe, otchuka kwambiri: Nyuni, silicon, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene. Amatha kukhala ma thermosetting kapena thermoplastic, yolimba komanso yolimba kapena yosinthika komanso yofewa . Kuchulukitsa kwa malonda kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa wothandizila wogwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kusinthasintha kapena kukhazikika ndi mtundu wa ma polylols omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi iyocananiya.

Katundu Ma polsurethanes amadalira makamaka kapangidwe kake ka mutu wa polymer. Amatha kusinthidwa kuti apereke mphamvu zambiri, kulimba mtima kapena kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kuwoneka kowoneka bwino. Ambiri ali ndi mafuta osakanizana, ma hydrocarbons, okosijeni ndi ozone. Awiri akulu Zowopsa Ndiwo chiwopsezo chawo ku microbial kuukira ndi kufalikira kwa uretac uretaction kukasintha akakhala ndi ma radiation a ultraviolet.

Chikopa chochita kupanga Ndi njira yophatikizira yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za polymer zimalumikizidwa ndi maupangiri a Urethane, komanso gawo lokhala ndi nsalu, monga polsote, kapena khungu la nyundo.

Moung yophimba imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumbali yolakwika ya nsaluyo, kenako nkukopeka kuti zifanane ndi khungu lanyama. Zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yopanda madzi, yopepuka komanso yosinthika, imatsimikizira kutsanziridwa kwenikweni kwa khungu.

Kulemba

Pali nsalu zambiri za poureurethane, mtundu womwe umayendetsedwa ndi boma mu Russia. Zovala, zolimba za Haberdayhery, nsapato ndi chikopa chokumba, ichi ndi Gipa pansi pa manambala: 28461-90; R 566215015; P 56626-2015; R 57020-2016 ndi ena.

Kutengera mtundu, ali ndi machitidwe otsatirawa.

1. Kuphwanya katundu kuyambira 8 mpaka 25 Dan.
2. Kuuma sikupitilira 7-70 ch.
3. Kukana zingapo zotsutsana, osachepera 50-150 ma kilocycles.
4. Kukhazikika kwa utoto pa mikangano (youma komanso yonyowa) osachepera 4-5 mfundo.
5. Mphamvu zolumikizirana pakati pa zigawo zosachepera 0,3-0.5 N / mm.
6. Kuchotsa madzi osachepera 250 mm yamadzi. Zaluso.
7. Kukana chisanu kuchokera -10 mpaka -20 madigiri.
8. Kukana kowala kwa matani owala kuyambira 3 mpaka 4 mfundo.
9. Kuchuluka kwa kulongosola kwa kusungunuka kambiri sikupitilira 5-7 mm.

Zabwino ndi zovuta

Zipangizo zoterezi, monga PVC, imakhala ndi chloride ndipo sawola ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Ndipo nsalu za polyurethane sizigwiritsa ntchito ma soldent, chifukwa sizikutulutsa poizoni zovulaza, ndipo zambiri zimagwa ndi nthawi.

Imatha kukana zowononga za kutentha ndi chinyezi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pumu imodzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa zida zina, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa zinyalala.

Ubwino waukulu:

• mtengo wotsika;
• Zojambula ndi mitundu yambiri;
• Pali kupupulidwa;
• chosalowa madzi;
• Yosavuta kuyeretsa ndi chinkhupule chokhazikika ndi sopo, kuyeretsa kowuma kumaloledwa, kutsuka muirsiwer;
• Simatulutsa zinthu zopweteka, Biodeggrad pambuyo 500 zaka.

Zogulitsa kuchokera ku Pubaper ndi yosavuta Amakhala osavuta kuwasamalira, amakhala olimba kwambiri ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi ochezeka. Komabe, zinthuzo ndi zoyaka, mpweya woipa wa carbonati ukhoza kupanga nthawi yoyaka. Zinthu ngati zotere sizimakhala zogwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati sizinathedwe mothandizidwa ndi dzuwa.

Kodi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiyani?

Asayansi apeza kuti Polyirethane amatha kusandulika ulusi woonda Chifukwa chake namlon woyamba adawonekera, komwe masheya amapanga masitol. Kwa zaka zapitazi, adasinthidwa kukhala ulusi wa spandex. Chifukwa cha zomwe zachitika lero, ukadaulo umakupatsani mwayi Zovala zosiyanasiyana za polyurethane: Kuchokera pachikopa chochita chochita (kuphatikizapo suede kapena velor) ndi nkhani zakunja zokuza, ma jekete, zovala, zida zosiyanasiyana, zamankhwala zosiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zokhazikika, zolimba komanso zolimba-nyengo, monga momwe maofesi okwanira ambiri, mazira amagetsi ndi misempha, nsapato ndi ma stoeles ndi ma stoeles.

Zoona! Ma eyerethastic polyeline elastomers amatha kuumbidwa mu ulusi wosiyanasiyana. Akabisala, zinthu zosinthika zimatchedwa Spandex. Zida zotanuka ndizofunikira popanga masokosi, bras, othandizira manja, shamats, zida zamasewera ndi zinthu zina zambiri.

Ubwino waukulu wa chikopa chenicheni kutsogolo kwa chingalawa ndi kupumira kwake ndikutha kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe. Koma mu 1963, asayansi ochokera ku USA adabwera ndi kupuma kopumira zachilengedwe m'matope awo, ndiofewa komanso osavuta kwambiri.

Tekinoloji yopanga zinyama ndikupanga Khungu la Polyirethane Njira yambiri yocheza ndi yocheza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe. Zovala za Polyurethane zimagwiritsidwa ntchito M'mafakitale ambiri, kutengera ndi kapangidwe kake kwa mankhwala ndi katundu womwe umapezeka popanga.

Ndi zinthu zazikuluzikulu pazogulitsa zotsatirazi.

1. Zovala, nsapato ndi zikwama (kuphatikiza zida zapadera za mafakitale).
2. Zolemba za mipando ndi mafakitale automatives (tollolstery, mafilimu ofewa, matiresi).
3. Zinthu zamankhwala (magolovesi, pamwamba pa matiresi ofooka).
4. Zogulitsa zosambira komanso zokopa alendo (ma vestts ndi mabwato, jetsrane ma jekete ndi nsapato).
5. Katundu wa ana (ma diapers osinthika).

L. Gore ndi othandizira mu 1976 Goression-Tex - Kusanja, koma nthawi yomweyo zinthu zopumira. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mankhwala, chifukwa cha mawaya aya ndi kupanga zovala ndi nsapato. Gore-Tex Membrane Inakhala chizindikiro chodziwika bwino, chomwe chimapereka ma ski ndi zovala zowoneka bwino ndi nsapato, jekete ndi maoretsere a Amateurs ochita zakunja. Zida zoterezi zimasunga chinyezi mu nyengo yonse.

Zosangalatsa! Matalala ena a polyurethane amatcha chikopa chopanga nsapato, kupukusa kwa sofa ndi zinthu zina zambiri.

Zovala za Polyurethane ndizo mapapu, pali kupuma komanso kupuma. Monga lamulo, Sungani katundu wawo osachepera 100 makina ochapira popanda vuto lililonse. Ndikosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi nkhaniyi, adapangira kale kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'zipatala, pomwe zinthu zokhazikika komanso zopangidwa ndi madzi zimafunikira.

Mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito ndi chisamaliro

Maudindo a Polyirethane ndi Chikopa Chazikulu Pali zolimba kwambiri, ndipo popeza ndi madzi oyenda, dothi limachotsedwa mosavuta ndi sopo ndi chinkhupule chofewa. Imatha kutsukidwa ndi mowa wa mchere, koma mankhwala okhazikika, monga acetone kapena viniga, sangathe kumverera. Malinga ndi chisamaliro ndi malangizo a opaleshoni (nthawi zonse yang'anani zilembo zanu), zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi minofu ya poureurethane zitha kutsuka mu kuyeretsa kowuma Ikani makina ochapira ndi ufa wamba wosambitsa. kuwombera.

Mosiyana ndi zida zotsalira za poliretharethara, pex ili ndi ma pores opumira omwe amafunikira kutsukidwa pafupipafupi ndi mawonekedwe apadera kuti dothi ndi thukuta silisokoneza

Zokhudza nsalu za polyurethane, onani vidiyo yotsatirayi.