Zithunzi Zojambula (Zithunzi 33): Ndi chiyani ndipo mchere wa hydrothermal umawoneka bwanji? Kodi kunyumba yang'anani mwala weniweni ndi zowona ndi kusiyanitsa ndi zopangidwa ndi chiyani?

Rubin ndi mfumu ya miyala yamtengo wapatali ndi mbuye wa matsenga, mwala wa moyo wabwino ndi mphamvu. Chizindikiro cha chikondi, kukongola, mphamvu ndi zachifumu, thanzi ndi moyo ndi mchere wa zikhulupiriro ndi ma ngwazi, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yamphamvu osati yololera.

Kaonekeswe

Rubin ndi mtsogoleri mu malingaliro osafunikira makamaka miyala yamtengo wapatali. Izi ndiye mchere wa mikhalidwe yapadera:

zowonekera;
yosalala;
owala;
kupitirira;
zolemetsa.

Mu mawonekedwe otheka mtundu wa utoto wa izo - mtundu wamoto wa rasipiberi, wofiyira ndi brownish, chikasu kapena pinki. Mphepo yamtengo wapatali kwambiri yokhala ndi mithunzi ya buluu kapena yofiirira, yomwe imatchedwa mtundu wa "nkhunda".

The-wotchedwa "nyenyezi" rubies (masamba), omwe angakhale pafupifupi mitundu ina iliyonse. Nyenyezi yochititsa chidwi ya nyenyezi zisanu, nthawi zambiri ili m'chigawo chapakati cha miyala yokonzedwa, imawoneka yachilendo komanso imasangalatsa.

Mtundu ndi katundu wa ruble amatsimikiziridwa ndi zochitika zachilengedwe zopezekazo ndikudalira malo obadwira.

Clubling Class imachitika ndi mithunzi yofiyira:

owala kwambiri;
wamba;
pafupifupi;
zokhuta;
Kuwala.

Chifukwa cha zachilengedwe za rubin - mwalawo ndi wokwera mtengo, makope ake amafika pamitengo ya madola angapo a madola angapo. Kulemera kofunikira kwambiri 8.62 karat kuli mphete ya Bulgari, yopezeka ndi ma 3.6 miliyoni £ London L. Graff. Zoyenera zowoneka bwino za Ruby "Prince yakuda" yolemera makhato 170. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, imatchulidwa mu zaka za zana la XIV monga kukongoletsa khothi la Britain.

Mineral ndi ma handim osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mtundu wa mankhwala Ai2o3. Kusiyana kwamtundu kumatsimikiziridwa kutsimikizika kosasunthika kwa mankhwala a chmium. Pazomera zake, mphambu ili yotsika ndi daimondi (9 pa sikelo). Ataunikira, kutulutsa thukuta lodabwitsa ndikuipiraipira. M'magazini zodzikongoletsera, zoyera, mchere wowonekera umagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi.

Ochepera nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi miyala ya mtundu wa opaque wokhala ndi astesism (zonyansa amapanga miyala) kapena mutu wa mphaka ".

Michere imasiyanitsa mu hemalogy:

zachilengedwe;
sikhalidwe;
Zochita.

Nthawi yomweyo, wachiwiri, anali ma analogi athunthu a miyala yazachilengedwe, amalimidwa m'magulu apadera. Mchere wa zojambula ndi, monga lamulo, kutsanzira mchere wachilengedwe wokhala ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi zinthu zakuthupi, zofanana, zomwe zimawoneka ngati mwala, womwe umaperekedwa mwachilengedwe.

Mtundu wa miyala yamtengo wapatali yopangidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ma chromium aons. Popanda iye, mwalawo ungakhale ulumpha wopanda utoto. Zowonjezera zovuta zimapereka kuwala kwa mchere.

Amakhala ofanana nawo ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Mitengo yamiyala, komanso munthu wachilengedwe, amachotsa pa topaz, quartz, yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi dayamondi yokha.

Mchere umakula ndi makhiristo onse ndi "chrinder" (masilinda omwe ali ndi mathero). Zojambula zopangidwa zimakhala ndi zapamwamba, komabe, zimatha kukhala ndi thovu ndi zokongoletsera. Akatswiri azi hemalogy amasiyanitsa ma synthetics kuchokera ku mchere wachilengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera, ndikuwona mizere yolimba. Mzere wachilengedwe wamtundu wachilengedwe ndi wachindunji. Mwachilengedwe, ruby ali ndi chiyambi chosiyana, koma ndizofala kwambiri m'malo ake.

M'malo mwake, zopanga (hydrothermal) mchere ndi wofanana ndi wabota mu ma laborator mu kutentha kwambiri. Tekinoloje yokula yachitika kwambiri kotero kuti nkovuta kusiyanitsa ndi miyala yachilengedwe, koma zimawononga ndalama zambiri zotsika mtengo. Mbali yayikulu ya michere yamiyala ndiyofanana ndi momwe amakhalira. "Kuphika" michere yamichere ya zinthu zantchito pamatenthedwe okwezeka omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, iron ndi combium, imathandizira kupangika kosakwanira.

Miyala yachilengedwe imamera kutali ndi mikhalidwe yabwino, monga lamulo, imakhala ndi zolakwitsa zina.

Ngakhale kuti chizindikiritso, chopanga mchere (nanorobines) ndizosavuta komanso zochepa. Ndiwofalikira kwambiri pokonza, popeza ali ndi mawonekedwe olondola komanso ofanana, omwe amathandizira kupanga nkhope zowala komanso zokongola.

Kodi ruby yopanga imakhala bwanji?

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ruby adakwanitsa kulowa m. Guden mu 1837. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, zolondazo zidalandiranso zomenyera (Siamese) mumitundu yosungunula ya ma kratoni a chilengedwe mpaka mabatani 10. Ndipo ngakhale zinthu zotere, polankhula mosamalitsa, sizinali zokondana, chidwi chomwe chili pamsika chinali chochepa.

Michere yoyamba yopanga idakula ndi Frenchman o. Verpel mu 1982 ndi kaphatikizidwe ka makhrundim counguum oxide. Njira yomweyo imayika maziko opanga mafakitale ndipo posakhalitsa njira yopanga mafakitale ndipo posakhalitsa njira yopanga mafakitale ndipo posakhalitsa njira yopanga mafalone akufotokozedwa ku Europe ndi mayiko ena. Panali malingaliro enieni ofanana ndi kulowetsanso mchere.

Njira zamakono zopekera miyala yopanga zapamwamba kwambiri, zingapo zimadziwika.

Njira Yabwino . Aluminiyamu ufa wa tsioxide umasakanikirana ndi Chrome. Kenako osakaniza m'magawo ang'onoang'ono adasungunuka pa burner. Kenako, makhiristo amodzi (ovutitsa) okhala ndi mainchesi 2 mpaka mpaka 30 cm for form form yolumikizidwa kuchokera ku ceramics.

Njira ya CZOMYSSKYSK - kupanga mchere wapamwamba kwambiri. Makristalo amodzi amapezeka ndi kuphatikizika kosavuta kwa ma kristol m'mwamba kuchokera kumadzi oyambira oyambayo.

Dera losungunuka. Imodzi mwa mitundu ya crystallization, pomwe zinthu zoyambira zimakokedwa ndi zinthu zotenthetsera mu thanki. Chifukwa cha makristals awa amapangidwira zigawo motsatira pang'onopang'ono kuzizira kwa kusungunuka. Crystal yala imapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a mbale.

Njira yobowola . Zinthuzo zimasungunuka komanso ma crystallies mkati mwa madera ake omwewo. Kutentha kumachitika ndi gwero lalikulu lamphamvu kwambiri. Akakhazikika, makristali a Collem amapangidwa.

Njira ya hydrothermal ya kapangidwe kake. Njira ya crystallization imachitika m'matumbi a mankhwala otsika osungunuka (kutsogolera, Boron ndi zinthu zina).

Katundu

Mmodzi mwa a nthano achi India omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale yomwe Ruby adatsukidwa ndi ziwanda za ziwanda, galasi lomwe Mulungu wa Sukulu ya Sukuluyo mwangozi adataya BHakarta m'madzi. Chifukwa chake pamalire a madzi odabwitsawa, ndikuwunikira magetsi awo apadera a nyenyezi zabuluzi zidawonekera.

Minerals ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopezeka mu Burma, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Tibet. Patulani miyala yamtunduwu ndi yofanana ndi magazi, ina - pamera za makangaza. Mchere wabwino kwambiri umakhala ndi utoto wofanana ndikutulutsa mawonekedwe osamvetsetseka kuchokera pakati pa mwala.

Ruby ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu. Kulimbitsa Mwini wandale, mchere umathandiza kuwonjezera ulamuliro wake. Ruby ndi chizindikiro cha chikondi chomwe chimathandiza komanso kulimbikitsa luso lauzimu, kudzipereka, kudziphatikiza, kugwirira ntchito pakati pa anthu ndi kutukuka.

Pachikhalidwe, zimapatsa anthu kwa anthu omwe amayembekeza kuti akumabwezeredwa.

Amakhulupirira kuti amasintha mtundu ndi njira yoopsa. Ichi ndi chithumwa chabwino chowonongeka, diso loyipa ndi mndandanda wa mdani. Makhalidwe ake amatsenga amathandizira kulimbikitsa mawonekedwe amunthu. Komabe, mchere "umakonda" anthu owona mtima ndi amphamvu. Mphamvu yamatsenga ya miyala gwiritsani ntchito matsenga ndi amatsenga.

Mphamvu zochiritsa za ruby zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali. Malinga ndi a LithoteHerapists, mchere ndi wothandiza pachimake:

Matenda a m'mimba;
msana;
Matenda a EN;
ziwalo;
matenda a magazi;
matenda oopsa.

Mwala umatha kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, kuthetsa kugona komanso kukhumudwa, kusintha kagayidwe. Kulowetsedwa kwamiyala tsiku lililonse pamadzi kumapangitsa machitidwe a kusinthika kwa khungu, kumapangitsa kuti wodwalayo nthawi ya kuzizira, amathetsa thupi kuchokera ku poizoni.

Mwala umayesedwa wamkazi chifukwa amathandizidwa ndi matenda a gyneciological.

Rubin amaimira gawo la moto, kuphatikizapo kwambiri zizindikiro za zodiac ya mkango, Aries ndi Sagittarius. Osaphatikizidwa ndi zizindikiro zamadzi (nsomba zazinkhanira ndi nsomba). Komabe, a Scorpio ndi kupatula, popeza Mars Mars amayenda pamwamba pake. Siyenera kuvalidwa ndi ana a ng'ombe ndi zida. Kwa atsogoleri, ichi ndi chizindikiro chosalowerera ndale.

Esothertics amakhulupirira kuti Ruby Tissisman amateteza ngozi yadzidzidzi, imatha kuteteza kukhazikika kwa moto. Kuvala kwake kumalumikizana ndi kuchita bwino pantchito komanso zachuma.

Mphamvu yamphamvu ya mchere imalimbikitsa chikhumbo cha munthu kudziwa chatsopanocho komanso chosadziwika, kukulitsa momwe zingatheke. Makamaka Thursan ndi yothandiza kwa anthu opanga, akugwira ntchito m'munda waluso, anthu a sayansi ndi zaluso.

Ruby ruby kuti mukhale bwino ndi moyo wabwino mtsogolo.

Mchere Wofananira

M'masiku akale, miyala yonse ya utoto wofiirawo amatchedwa rubies. Komabe, ambiri mwa iwo mwina mwina anali osungulumwa kapena ma grenade ndi oyang'anira alendo. Ruby zachilengedwe zimachitika mwachilengedwe. M'malonda a malonda osala mchere, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawu oti "rubrin", monga lamulo, ndi mitundu yambiri ya Ceylon, mtundu wa Arizona, ndi zina. Komabe, gonades, topazi, sintinel kapena fluelle kapena fluorite nthawi zambiri amabisidwa kumbuyo kwa mayina awa. "Kulowetsa" kwa zinthu kumayikidwa kuti muchulukitse kuchuluka kwa zomwe akufuna.

Amakumbutsidwa mwamphamvu ndi Burmese wotchuka wofiyira, womwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka pamadzi ofanana. Mtundu wa spilewel amatanthauziranso zonyansa za Chrome, koma mthunzi wake ndi wosiyana - mitundu njerwa. Kusiyana kodalirika kuchokera ku Rubin ndi kusapezeka kwa disrosm (kudalira utoto kuchokera kulowera) - mu miyala iyi, mtundu uwu umatchulidwadi. Komanso indeza index (1.72 motsutsana ndi 1.76 ndi Ruby) ndi mtundu wa zokomera.

Kuphatikiza apo, sing'anga kumapangitsa mawonekedwe a kuwuka kokhala ndi magulu ambiri owala ndi mizere iwiri yomwe imawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe. Ruby imaphatikizaponso mawonekedwe awiri okha omwe amaphatikizika mu mawonekedwe amodzi.

Ndikulakwitsa kupanga kosavuta ndi a almond gerury, zomwe zimasiyananso ndi ruby ndi mndandanda wake (amayang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito nyali ya sodium). Ma grenade ofiira ali ndi mawonekedwe ena a mayamwidwe omwe ali ndi mikwingwirima itatu yoyera, yobiriwira ndi yamtambo. Topazi yotalika, yopaka utoto, nthawi zambiri imatenga pa ceylon countom. M'malo mwake, ndi safiro, wosiyana ndi rublies ndi njira yotsimikizika.

Kodi pali chosiyana ndi chiyani ndi mwala wachilengedwe?

Masiku ano, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podyera zodzikongoletsera:

Michere yeniyeni;
kutsanzira miyala yachilengedwe (yabodza), yosiyana ndi iwo ndi kapangidwe ndi katundu;
Michere ya mchere, yomwe ili yofanana kwambiri yam'mbuyomu.

Mutha kuyang'ana mchere wokhala ndi zowona kunyumba komanso kuwona pogula mwala.

Ndikotheka kudziwa zachilengedwe za mchere pogwiritsa ntchito kapu ndi madzi, kutsitsa mwalawo. Ngati zikuwoneka zowoneka bwino zowoneka bwino kuchokera ku mchere, ndiye kuti ndinu ruby yeniyeni.
Ndi Kuwunika mwachizolowezi, michere yachilengedwe kuchokera kumbali ya dzuwa ili ndi mtundu wapadera wa burgundy, ndipo mbali inayo, matte-otuwa.
Zindikirani kutsimikizika kwa mchere kumatha kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka wa ng'ombe. Mukayika mchere weniweni mu chidebe chaching'ono chowonekera, mkaka udzapeza mthunzi wa pinki. Mwala wachilengedwe umadzaza kuwala.
Zithandiza kudziwa chiyambi chowona cha minerel urraviolet. Makope opanga amasiyana ndi achilengedwe kuti apatuke ndi kuwala kwa khwangwala, amakhalabe ofiira, ndipo malalanje owala amapezeka mwachilengedwe.
Mutha kusiyanitsa mchere kuti usamvere bwino. Pamene zabodza, ma spilas oterewa ndi opanda kanthu, oyera, komanso makope achilengedwe omwe amadzazidwa ndi mpweya wofiyira.
Mosiyana ndi chilengedwe, pamwamba pa michere yopanda michere, yowongoka ndi yonyezimira, ndipo mwachilengedwe - osokonekera, zigzag.
Ruby amatenthedwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo ngati mungalumikizane ndi thupi (mu eyelid) ndipo chimatentha mu mphindi zochepa, ndiye kuti ndi zabodza kapena zabodza.
Sinthani mchere wagalasi, ndipo ngati zikanakamba, uwu ndi mwala wachilengedwe.
Zabodza kuchokera kwa ma Spoys ndizosavuta ndi kulemera kwa mchere wolemera.
Ngati mtengo wa kristalo ndi wotsika kwambiri, ndiye kuti moyenera pamaso panu sikuti ndi chiyambi chachilengedwe.

Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti kupanga mipata, makamaka kukwaniritsidwa mu genetique, yabwino kwambiri. Koma zenizeni, zachilengedwe sizidzalowa m'malo.

Zambiri za ndulu zojambula zomwe mungaphunzire kuchokera ku vidiyo yotsatirayi.