Coonum - mchere wotchuka kwambiri, zodziwika bwino kwambiri zomwe ndi safiro ndi ruby. Miyala iyi sikuti ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yokha, koma miyala ya gulu lalikulu kwambiri. Mu kingalogy, pali gulu la phulusa, lofanana ndi kapangidwe kake, katundu wa mankhwala ndi thupi. Kwa nthawi yayitali, akatswiri opanga zida za kutchire ngati mitundu yolekanitsidwa ndi miyala yachilengedwe.
Pambuyo pa sayansi ya sayansi ndi maphunziro a geological akwaniritsa gawo lina, deta idapezeka kuti iphatikiza mchere m'gulu limodzi. Ma michere onse anali ochokera kokha kunja, ndipo m'malingaliro awo anali amodzi. Chifukwa chake adagawidwa gulu la miyala pansi pa dzina loti "Motonum".
Mbiri Yoyambira
Mbiri ya Aroni yakhala ndi zaka zambiri. Kufunikira kodabwitsa kwa mcherewu kudanyamuka pomwe mapangidwe ake adapezeka. Sikuti kuchuluka konse kwamtengo wapatali kwa BOMBOMum ndizodziwika Koma, mwina, munthu aliyense adzayankha funso la zomwe ruby kapena safiro amawoneka.
Koma funso la mapangidwe a colungom mu ambiri lidzayambitsa zovuta, ngakhale kuti mwala wonse wonse umapangidwa kuchokera ku mchere umodzi. Nyundo ili ndi nthumwi yamphamvu kwambiri komanso mitundu yambiri. Mtengo wake ndiwokwera, ndipo wotchuka pakati pa akatswiri ndi wamkulu.
Poyamba, amatha kutenga ndi kuvala anthu omwe ali a chipembedzo: ansembe kapena ansembe. Inayamba kufalikira padziko lonse lapansi za ku Condafune kuchokera ku dera la India, adalowa m'maiko aku Europe. Kufunika kwa Broundim kunapangidwa mwachangu, miyalayo idatchuka komanso yofunika.
Kuchokera kwa ansembe, mwalawo unapita ku zokambirana, komwe anapeza tanthauzo lophindukira. Mphatso zokhala ndi maofesi a buluu kapena ofiira m'gawo la zokambirana zapamwamba zimawerengedwa kuti ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri.
Ku Russia, mcherewo unatsegulidwa pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi. Dzina lanyumba Lamunda - Yahont. Fry Yahot ndi dzina la ruby, ndi lazo-safiro. Mwalawo unali wofunika kwambiri ku Russia wolemekezeka mu nthawi zonse zakale.
Ndi chiyani?
M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, Coundim amatchedwa mwanjira yawo, ndipo Zina mwazinthu zowoneka bwino kwambiri, mudzakumana ndi izi:
- Kum'mawa diamondi;
- Violet;
- Padparadzha;
- Eastern Emerald;
- Chiphero cha almanandine;
- Kum'mawa kwamethyst.
Pali lingaliro lotereli ngati "mwala woyela" - izi zikutanthauza kuti maroonum amakhala ndi katundu wabwino kwambiri ndipo umayamikiridwa kwambiri m'misika yamtengo wapatali. Linafotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti kupeza miyala yotereyi ndi kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa m'chilengedwe amapezeka ochepa kwambiri.
Mawonekedwe ndi kufotokozera kwa mchere wangwiro:
- kuwonekera kwathunthu;
- Mwalawu ulibe mtundu chifukwa cha kusowa kwa utoto;
- Mtundu wowala bwino, vitaus;
- Kufanana kodabwitsa ndi diamondi.
M'madongosolo ambiri, Aroni amapeza michere yolumikizira yomwe ili ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu. Ponena za utoto, phale lamithunzi ndi losangalatsa: Blue ndi buluu, wofiira ndi wofiira, wobiriwira, wofiirira.
Vuto lapadera lomwe anthu amabwera kwa nthawi yayitali ku Retifom, chifukwa miyala yotere ndi chizindikiro cha mphamvu ndi nyonga.
Malo obadwira
Masiku ano, ziwerengero za manambala a Sabata ya Safiror coundum ndizoposa 20 zochulukirapo. Migodi yayikulu kwambiri ya makhiristo amachitika ku Asia. Malo achitukuko ndi quadrangle, yomwe imaphatikizapo Thailand, Myanmar, India ndi Sri Lanka. Chovala chamtengo wapatali kwambiri cha mphira cha Prempunim chimachokera ku Sri Lanka ndi ma deanmar diisi, ndi miteyo yofananira imabwera pamsika wa zodzikongoletsera ku India.
Kuphatikiza apo, mphanda amadutsa ku Tanzania ndi Australia. Ndi omwe amapezeka ndi mithunzi ya sapres - wakuda, wobiriwira. Mafayilo ambiri amakhala ku United States ndi ku Canada.
Ponena za kontinenti ya ku Europe, malo a ku Turkey amapezeka ku Turkey, Greece, Norway. Minda yoweta ili ku Urals, mu primorye ndi pansi pa krasnoyadel. Chimodzi mwazinthu zaposachedwa kwambiri kuti zichotsere ku Colongum, chitsegule chotseguka, chili ku Kazakhstan.
Katundu
Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, gulu la phula limanena za ma Crystalline aluminium oxides. Mwalawo umapangidwa kumene ku mtunduwo muli ndi alumuna ambiri, ndi silika wokhala ndi silika ayenera kukhala osapezeka. Zoposa theka la kapangidwe ka micherry kristal - aluminiyamu. Njira ya mndandanda wa mankhwala – Al203.
Kuumitsa ndi kupsinjika kwa mwala woyela kumakwezeka kwambiri, kumakhala ndi mthunziwo pang'ono pang'ono, ndi mwala waukulu komanso mwala wabwino kwambiri ndipo mwala wake ndi wowonekeratu. Khalidwe la kuuma kwa coundi imayimirira pa 2 malo pambuyo pa diamondi pa scalo. Kachulukidwe - osachepera 3.94 g / cm3.
Miyala yopanda utoto ndi yosowa, imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola kodabwitsa ndipo imakhala ndi glitter yofanana ndi galasi.
Nthawi zambiri ku Koruns pali zachilengedwe Kutembenukira ku chromium, chitsulo, manganese ndi titanium. Zoyipazi ndikupereka utoto womaliza wa michere yamchere, ndikupanga chuma cha mithunzi. Ma oxide oxide amapatsa mthunzi wachikasu, ndipo kukhalapo chiwalo M'mawonekedwe oyera amapanga Cha bulawundi kamvekedwe. Chitsulo chokhudzana ndi manganese imapereka coundim Wofiyiliira Utoto.
Chifukwa cha kuzungulira kwa Titanium, mchere umakhala safiro, ndipo pamaso pa chromium imatembenukira ku ruby . Kuti mupange utoto wokulirapo wowutsa mudyo, wovala bwino kwambiri umasungidwa ndi X-ray, ndipo amakhala owala. Kutenthetsa mchere, m'malo mwake, kumachepetsa mphamvu ya mtunduwo. Mwachitsanzo, mwala wa violet mthunzi umatha kukhala pinki pang'ono.
Ngongole zimakhala ndi zamatsenga komanso zathanzi. Chifukwa chakutcherera nthawi zonse mwalawo, ndizotheka kukhala wokhazikika komanso wodzilimbitsa mtima. Amakhudzanso kukumbukira ndipo amathetsa kuloweza, amalimbikitsa ntchito yamalingaliro. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa maphunziro, komanso pofufuza kapena ntchito yofufuzira.
Mwala ndioyenera ndipo anthu opanga amafuna kudzoza.
Mphamvu ya mwala imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zodzikongoletsera zomwe zili.
- Mphete ndi mphete. Zokongoletsera zotere zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa maluso, osabisalira mwamphamvu mwa munthu, pa kukula kwa uzimu kwa munthuyo. Ngati mukuvala mphete ndi banungu paliponse, kenako mumadzutsa mwadzidzidzi maluso omwe simunaganizepo. Kuthana ndi anthu olimba kwambiri komanso odziwa zambiri, amalangiza mphete yokha pa chala chapakati.
- Mphete. Muzikhudza bwino kuwunika kwa cholinga cha zomwe zikuchitika, mutha kuyesa kuchita ndi zochita. Ngati mukuganiza za tanthauzo la moyo, kuvala marobonum mu mphete, kumathandizanso pankhaniyi, komanso zokha, komanso kumakuthandizaninso kukhala ndi mgwirizano wamkati.
- Okonda ndi kuyimitsidwa. Oyenera kwa iwo omwe amafunikira mtendere, wofanana. Ngati mukukhazikika pankhani ya zakukhosi, osakhazikika, nthawi zonse kumadekha, kukhumudwitsa, kumangiriza mwamphamvu - uku ndi zokongoletsera. Zithandizanso kuti muziyang'ana kwambiri, bata, osavutika ndi madontho.
Sizingatheke kuti musatchulepo katundu wachinyengo, popeza kuti ku Cosandu Miyo imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zothandiza kwambiri. Mtunduwo umatengera momwe machitidwewo angakhudzire thupi ndi zomwe zingakuthandizeni.
Ndi chitsimikizo chochiritsa, timalimbikitsa kuti timeza zokongoletsera ndi lamphango kapena mwalawu uli nanu m'thumba. Zochita zoterezi zimathandizira kuthana ndi mavuto angapo azaumoyo: Kubwezeretsa chitetezo komanso kugwira ntchito kwabwino kwa ziwalo zamkati. Rubin amakhudza mwangwiro kagayidwe, kumathandiza kuthana ndi matenda a ziwiya, mitima, ma squarms amafalitsidwa.
Mchere wabuluu Sinthani ntchito ya ziwalo za masomphenya, Chikasu Zopindulitsa Zakunja: Khungu, tsitsi, misomali, perekani khungu ndi kunzanu. Ngati mukufuna kusintha mapangidwe am'mimba kapena kuchepetsa thupi, ndiye kuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito miyala ya mthunzi wachikasu. Chofiira Miyala yokhazikika magazi. Chofiilira Mtundu wa mchere ungathandize ndi matenda a mantha dongosolo, neurosis, zosokoneza, mayiko a neuralgias ndi nkhanza. Panthawi ya sitiroko, kuvulala kwa ubongo kumalimbikitsidwa kuvala mwala wa mthunzi uwu.
Iwo amene akufuna kusintha kamvekedwe ka thupilo, muyenera kuvala zodzikongoletsera, momwe mithunzi yosiyanasiyana yamiyala imaphatikizidwa.
Mitundu mitundu
Mitundu yofunika kwambiri ya mchere - safiro ndi ruby, amakhala ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri pakati pa miyala yamtengo wapatali. Ngakhale anali ndi kapangidwe kake ndi katundu, miyala imasiyana wina ndi mnzake.
Ruby ali ndi izi:
- ali ndi mtundu wofiira wa mithunzi yosiyanasiyana;
- Palette imasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku chitumbuwa chowutsa ndi mtengo wofiyira ku zofooka zofooka, zosakwanira za pinki;
- Ma toni akhutidwe ndi amtengo wapatali pamwambapa (ofiira, chitumbuwa, burcendy, burgundy, ofiira amtundu);
- Miyala yomwe ndimapanga pamtengo wawo nthawi zambiri amapitilira phindu la diamondi;
- Kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe.
Coonum Ruby watero Ma subpecies angapo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
- Nyenyezi . Kulira kosowa, kumawoneka kodabwitsa chifukwa cha zowoneka bwino. Ngati mungayang'ane kudula, mutha kuwona masikonowo mu mawonekedwe a nyenyezi.
- Ceylon. Mthunzi wokongola kwambiri wa violet wonyezimira kwambiri, woponya lilac.
- Siamese. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku Brown ndi yofiyira ku violet, ndipo mchere umawoneka bwino komanso wokongola.
Zinthu zotsatirazi zimadziwika ndi safiro:
- Ulendo wapadera;
- Gulu lalikulu kwambiri pakati pa miyala yamtengo wapatali;
- Mawonekedwe a shade amaphatikizapo matani ochokera ku utoto wowoneka bwino, wokhala mthunzi wa tirigu;
- Kutulutsa mithunzi ndi sing'anga, koma mtunduwokhawo ndi wakuzama.
Mafilimu a ku Handum ali ndi mitundu ingapo.
- Zofiirira. Mtunduwu umatchedwanso kuti kum'mawa kwa Amethyst, ili ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino wofiirira.
- Chlorosophyrr. Chofunika kwambiri kuchokera pamakhomape am'miyala okhala ndi mawu obiriwira. Mcherewu ndi wofanana kwambiri ndi emerald, ndipo akatswiri okha ndi omwe angawasiyanitse. Dzina lina ndi chlorosophro - kum'mawa emerald.
- Padparadjadja. Amakhala ndi matoni owala a lalanje, achikasu, pinki ngati kuwala kwamithunzi. Pakuwonekera, miyala yonse ikhoza kukhala yosiyana kwambiri.
- Leukosherrrr. Makhalidwe ake opezeka kuwonekera amakhala opanda cholakwika, mtundu wamtunduwu ndi mtundu wotchedwa kum'mawa kwa daimondi yakum'mawa.
- Nyenyezi . Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, imakhala ndi zofananira zofananira ndi zinyalala za dzina lomweli. Mwala wa chiyero chosaneneka komanso kuwonekera kwambiri, chokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso choyamikiridwa kwambiri ndi osonkhetsa.
Ndoungu Woyera alibe utoto, ndiye kuti ndiwe woyera kapena wamtundu wa imvi, womwe umapezeka kawirikawiri.
Kodi Pali Kugwira Ntchito?
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ofunikira kuphatikizidwa osati zodzikongoletsera zokha. Opaque Croem Store omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale . Pangani ufa wamtundu wa kupukuta, zida zokura, zinthu zina.
Chifukwa cha kukana kwa kutentha kwambiri, Cornum imagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino Kupanga zamankhwala, zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, mphambumu amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zopitsa mafuta. Kopita kwina komwe katundu wa Condend nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Makampani oyendetsa ndege. Ndiwo doundim womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga galasi lalitali kwambiri ngati mabwalo osati ndege zokha, komanso zida zapamwamba.
Ngakhale izi zonse, mphambu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzikongoletsera. Zogulitsa ndi miyala ndi zimbudzi ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Ndani amabwera?
Amakhulupirira kuti phulusa ndi mwala wa anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu, ntchito, cholinga ndi chipambano. Mphamvu za mwalawo zimakulolani kutumiza anthu kuti akhale ndi cholinga, amalimbikitsa zinthu zamkati. Malinga ndi openda nyenyezi, mcherewu umayendera zizindikiro zambiri zodiac.
Mwachitsanzo, Aquarius, khansa ndi nsomba Ikhoza kuvala popanda zoletsa. Kwa iwo, mchere umagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ndipo umakupatsani mwayi wokopa mafunde opatsa mphamvu omwe amateteza ku zoipa. Bukompham ithandiza makamaka omwe akuchita bizinesi kapena kupanga, ndi omwe chitetezo chawo ndi chofooka kwambiri.
Angisi Chikwangwanichi chimakhala chothandiza konse komanso chabwino kupewetsa kuyankha kwake muubwana. Ngati mwakhala mukukalamba zaka 40, ndiye kuti zoletsa izi sizikugwira ntchito. M'malo mwake, mu kukhwima kwa Aries zimatha kuchotsa zopindulitsa pamwalawu: Kupambana m'moyo wanu, kukula kwa ntchito, maluso owuka.
Mwalamulo sanalangize kuvala kuvala Kapetolo - Kuchokera ku zizindikiritso zonse za zodiac, ndi zokha zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mphamvu ya mcherewu. Ngati simukuganizira zosagwirizana ngati izi, ndiye kuti zonse za mwalawo zimayamba kugwira ntchito yotsutsana, motsutsana ndi munthu. Ponena za zizindikilo zina zonse, amatha kukongoletsedwa ndi mwala wotere, koma osakira ndi mwala wina. Mwachitsanzo, Nthano Photongu imathandizira makamaka kuphatikiza ndi turquoise, ndipo Lembo Cholowa ichi ndichabwino kuvala limodzi ndi amber kapena brownth agalu.
Samalani malamulo
Kwamiyala nthawi zonse anali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, muyenera kuwasamalira bwino:
- Nthawi ndi nthawi pukuta zokongoletsera ndi nsalu yothiridwa mu yankho la Amoni ndi madzi;
- Zowonongeka zamakina ndizovuta, koma ndizofunikira kuti tiwone mu chimango kuti cheke;
- Sungani zokongoletsera m'kuwala, makamaka pansi pa dzuwa lamanja, ndizoletsedwa mwamphamvu;
- Sizingatheke kuwononga zokongoletsera ndi miyala yachilengedwe, monga momwe utoto wawo ungasinthire, kukhala wopepuka;
- Osagwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera zoyeretsa ndi ma couvum mankhwala ndi njira zina - gwiritsitsani mayankho a sopo.
Kodi mungasiyanitse bwanji mwala wachilengedwe kuchokera kwabodza?
Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la XIX, zopangidwa woyamba kupanga, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, michere yopanda zolengedwa imakula m'matabotore, omwe sangatchulidwe mabodza, koma ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku zachilengedwe. Laboratoes yokulima makhiristo ali ku Russia, Germany, Switzerland. Popeza makhrisilo achilengedwe ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, Dokongum Ounguum ikufunidwa kwambiri. Kunja, ndizofanana kwambiri ndi mchere wachilengedwe, ndipo mtengo wotsika mtengo.
Mukamagula zinthu zokhala ndi miyala yachilengedwe, muyenera kumvetsera mwachidwi, chifukwa pali chiopsezo chogula zabodza ndikulipira pa 10, kapena ngakhale 100 kangapo kuposa momwe zimakhalira. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zodziwira chiyambi cha mchere.
Kwa Crystal iliyonse yachilengedwe imapezeka Satifiketi yapamwamba komwe malo ake alandiridwa. Ngati kulibe satifiketi, ndipo chinthu chagwera m'manja mwanu, kudutsa gulu la malonda, mutha kuyang'ana kudzipatula, mwachitsanzo, potenthetsa. Makristals owoneka bwino amatenthedwa kotero kuti mtundu wawo umakhala wowuzira wozizwitsa, koma mukamatenthanso mwala wotere, udzamva.
Mu ornder korthe, mosiyana ndi zibadwa, mpweya wa mpweya ukhoza kukhalapo. Kuphatikiza apo, mphambu ya laboratom imakhala ndi mtundu wa mtundu wa curvinear, zitha kuwoneka, ndikuyang'ana pa iye kudzera pagalasi yokulitsa.
Ngati mukufuna kugula kwa donum ya chilengedwe, Perekani malonda kuti ayese komwe katswiri adzayang'ana ndi microscope kapena polandaskop . Kufufuza koteroko kukuthandizani kudziwa zenizeni za michere ndikusunga kwabodza.
Za njira yosavuta yosiyanitsira fano imauza vidiyo yotsatirayi.