Mphete yaukwati ndi chizindikiro cha chikondi chamuyaya ndi kudzipereka. Kusankha kwa achinyamata okongoletsa awa kulipondako. Azungu amakono amapereka zinthu zambiri zosankhidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, chitsulo chodziwika kwambiri cha mphete zaukwati zimakhalabe golide.
Mawonekedwe ndi zabwino za zinthu
Kuyambira kale, golide ali pamalo oyamba pakati pa zida za zodzikongoletsera. Mphete zaukwati kuchokera pazitsulozi zimafunika makamaka kwazaka zambiri ndipo sizimataya mwayi mpaka lero.
Pankhani ya mtengo, chitsulo ichi chimatanthawuza kukhala okwera mtengo. Mtengo wa izi sukusiya kukula, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala chifukwa chabwino chogulitsa ndalama. Komabe, zodzikongoletsera zagolide zimatha kukhala ndi chitukuko chonse komanso kupeza ndalama zambiri, makamaka monga mphatso yaukwati.
Anthu akhala akukhulupirira kuti golide ali ndi matsenga. Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zodziwika bwino, zitsulo zachikasuzi zimaperekedwa ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndipo ili ndi mphamvu ya dziko lapansi yomwe idapezeka. Ngati wina wochokera kwa achinyamata adalakalaka mphete zagolide, ndiye ichi ndi chizindikiro chabwino. Maloto oterewa amalonjeza banja labanja losangalala komanso lolimba.
Chitsulo ichi chili ndi zabwino zake:
- Sichimada. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zochepa chabe zamtengo wapatali zomwe sizimafunikira zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti zipatseni mtundu wa katundu. Golide amasunga zowoneka bwino kuchokera nthawi ya nyama yake ngakhale pakukonzekera zodzikongoletsera.
- Osapunduka. Awa ndi chitsulo chofewa, chomwe chimakhala mu miyala yamtengo wapatali yopanda zodzikongoletsera kwambiri. Koma chifukwa cha zonena zosiyanasiyana ndi zitsulo zina, zimakhala zolimba.
- Osati oxidized. Mankhwala a golide amalola oxidation yake ndi mitundu ina yazinthu zokha. Kuti zitsulozi zigwire ntchito, zinthu zofunika kwambiri. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, palibe chomwe chingamukhudze. Komabe, nkofunika kulingalira kuti pali zinthu zina zodzikongoletsera zagolide, chifukwa chake, ndibwino kupewa kulumikizana ndi zodzikongoletsera ndi mercury ndi ayodini.
- Yosavuta kusamalira. Chifukwa cha zabwino zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, golide simafunikira malamulo okhwima.
Mitundu yachitsulo
Aliyense adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuganiza kuti miyala yamtengo wagolideyo. Komabe, chitsulo ichi chili ndi mitundu yambiri yomwe imasiyana mu utoto ndi katundu. Mphete zamtundu wokhala ndi miyala amatha kukhala ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zapamwamba kwambiri: Kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za miyala yamiyala yopanda demokalase.
Chofiira
Golide amapeza mthunzi wofiyira powonjezera kuchuluka kwa mkuwa, zinc kapena palladium. Kotero kuti chivomererocho ndichabwino, siliva limawonjezeredwa kwa icho.
Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi ubetuzizi zimawoneka bwino ndipo zakhala zikuyenda bwino. Njira yopezera mithunzi yofiira imadziwika kuyambira nthawi yayitali. Ku Tsarist Russia, phwandoli lidagwiritsidwa ntchito kumaliza ndalama, ukhondo wa zitsulo zomwe zidafika 90%. Malinga ndi miyezo yamakono, chizindikiritso ichi ndi chofanana ndi chitsanzo cha 900th.
Zinthu zamakono zopangidwa ndi golide wofiira zimakhala ndi zitsanzo za 585. Chifukwa cha zovuta za gawo lokhala ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, zitsanzo zochokera ku zinthu zoterezi ndizotsika mtengo. Nthawi yomweyo, sizotsika kwambiri ndi zokongola mu kukongola kwake ndikuvala kukana.
Ubwino wagolide wofiira, chifukwa chomwe anthu omwe amwalira kumene amasankha zokongoletsera zaukwati kuchokera ku Alloy:
- Mphete zimakhala ndi mphamvu zazikulu, zomwe zimawapangitsa iwo kukhala olimba;
- Kwa nthawi yayitali amapulumutsa;
- Ndikosavuta kusokonekera;
- alibe;
- Mlandu wapamwamba kwambiri ali ndi mtengo wovomerezeka.
Komabe, muyenera kusamala pogula chinthu chotere. Katunduyu ayenera kutsimikiziridwa, ndipo sitoloyo ndi yodalirika, chifukwa mphete za mthunzi wofiyira sizingakhale ndi golide konse.
Wofiyiliira
Mtundu wa pinki kuchokera pazogulitsa umapezeka ndikuchepetsa m'mapangidwe a siliva ndikuwonjezera mkuwa. Tsoka ilo, kuchuluka kwa magawo kumabweretsa kuwonongeka mu mtundu wa mphete zaukwati. M'mbuyomu, mthunzi woterewu sunali wovomerezeka. Amakhulupirira kuti zokongoletsera zopangidwa ndi pinki zoperewera. Koma tsopano mtunduwu ukupezeka kutchuka chifukwa cha mtundu wake wachilendo.
Ambiri molakwika ofanana ndi golide wambiri wa zodzikongoletsera. Komabe, malonda awa ali ndi zitsanzo za 585. Chigawo chagolide chagolide ku zitsulo zina sizimasinthidwa - 58.8%. Mthunziwo umasiyana kokha pakusintha kuchuluka kwa mkuyu ndi siliva.
A Jewer amayesa zokongoletsera za pinki, ndikuchulukitsa kapena kuchepetsa zitsanzo zawo. Mwachitsanzo, kwa zitsanzo zofananira, kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chamtengo wapatali kumawonjezeka kwa 75%. Ndi chizindikiro cha zilembo 375 ndioyenera kwambiri kutsika mtengo kapena mitanda. Komabe, posankha mphete zaukwati, ndikofunikira kusankha zitsanzo za golide wamba 585.
Oyera
Kotero kuti mphete ya golide imapeza mthunzi woyera, siliva kapena palladium imagwiranso ntchito. Mu kapangidwe ka mubasi, kukhalapo kwa zinzi ndi Nickel ndikotheka. Chifukwa cha izi, golide wa golide woyera kuposa zachikhalidwe. Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndi chinthu chomwe chili ndi kuphatikiza koyera kwa platinamu.
Mphete za Ukwati kuchokera ku Alloy zoterezi kusankha kumene kungopeza chuma chambiri. Zoyera za golide zokopa ndi maziko ake. Komanso, zinthu zochokera pazinthu zoterezi zimasankha achinyamata omwe sakonda kuvala zokongoletsera zachikaso, koma nthawi yomweyo akufuna mphete zaukwati kuti zipangidwe bwino golide.
Wakuda
Mtundu wachilendo kwambiri wa zodzikongoletsera zagolide ndi mtundu wa mthunzi wakuda. Sagulitsidwa m'masitolo onse. Kotero kuti chitsulo chachikasu chidapeza mtundu wakuda, pali njira ziwiri:
- Gwiritsani ntchito mu kapangidwe ka chromium ndi cobalt libeatu;
- "Kuda" kwa golide ndi thandizo la Rhodium, kaboni kapena ruthenium.
Kusankha golide wakuda wa mphete zaukwati ndi njira yothetsera vuto. Komabe, zokongoletsera zoterezi zimaphatikizidwa bwino ndi zida zina zilizonse ndipo ndizoyenera chithunzi chilichonse.
Mitundu yakuda yagolide nthawi zambiri imakongoletsedwa kwambiri. Izi zakhalapo kale kuposa mawonekedwe oyamba.
Golide wazachipatala
M'malo mwake, "golide wazachipatala" wokhala ndi chitsulo chenicheni alibe chochita, kupatula dzinalo. Itha kuphatikiza zinthu zofanana ndi zamkuwa ndi siliva, komanso mkuwa, zinc ndi tincium. Monga mukuwonera, golide siili m'chiwerengero ichi. Izi zinali chifukwa cha kufanana kwake ndi chitsulo chamtengo wapatali.
Pa mtengo wa "woyenda" kuchokera ku golide wazachipatala ndi wotsika mtengo. Ena omwe angokwatirana kumene amakopa mtengo wawo wa demokalase. Nthawi yomweyo, mankhwalawa sawoneka woyipa kuposa golide weniweni. Zowona, zokongoletserazo bola ngati zingatheke kusungidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake okongola, musalimbikitsidwe kuvala tsiku lililonse. Ndikofunikanso kupewedwa kulumikizana ndi mankhwalawa ndi madzi, zotsekemera ndi zinthu zina zomwe zingavulaze mphete.
A chervonny
Mitundu yochokera ku Chervonny Golide ndi amodzi mwa okwera mtengo kwambiri. Izi zidalandilidwa dzina lake pobweza m'mithunzi yake yofiira, yomwe imawoneka bwino pamkuwa. Mu kumvetsetsa kambiri ka mawu oti (Golide woyenga - golide woyenga), alloy amenewa ayenera kukhala ndi zitsanzo 999. M'malo mwake, izi sizothandiza. Amakhulupirira kuti m'miyalayo, gawo la chitsulo chamtengo wapatali ndizochepera 75%.
Chiwerengerochi chagolide ndi mkuwa chidadziwika kwa ozunguliridwa akale. Zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zokwera kwambiri zimapangitsa kukongoletsa izi ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ndipo sigwiritsidwa ntchito masokosi nthawi zonse. Masiku ano, mphete za ukwati kuchokera kwa Worm-Golide ndi nkhani yapamwamba. Ngati atangokwatirana kumene angakwanitse kupanga mphatso ya ukwati, ndiye kuti zidzakhala bwino kugula mphete zingapo kuchokera ku golide wachikaso "tsiku lililonse."
Tsarskoy Golide
Mawu oti "goel Gold" amatanthauza zodzikongoletsera ndi ndalama za mabanja a Nicholas II, zomwe zidatayika pambuyo pa zochitika zachisoni za 1918. Zinthu zina tsopano zikuwoneka mu malonda otsekedwa ndipo ndi wa anthu ena.
Kugulitsa mwaulere, ndizosatheka kukumana. Ngati kumene kumenewo anali ndi mwayi wokwanira kuti apeze mphete za ukwati kuchokera golide wachifumu, ndiye zokongoletsera zotere, m'malo mwake, anasanduka miyala yamtengo wapatali.
Mitundu mitundu
Azungu sasiya kudabwitsidwa maluso awo, ndikupanga zojambula zachilendo za mphete zaukwati. Tsopano ndizachilengedwe kukhala ndi zokongoletsera zamitundu iwiri yagolide. Nthawi zambiri amangokwatirana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Amuna amasankha ma cession osavuta, ndipo azimayi amapatsanso zokhumba zawo posankha zida za banja.
Kuphatikiza kwa zosintha zosiyanasiyana
Mphete za akazi za akazi zimatha kukhala ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zimakhala ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mwala womwe umaphatikizira mitundu itatu ya golide - chikasu, choyera ndi pinki.
Amatha kuyanjana pakati pawo kapena kuchita gawo la zoyikapo.
Awira
Popanga mphete ziwiri, kulandila mitundu yambiri yachitsulo kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito, nthawi zambiri ndi golide awiri. Monga lamulo, amapanga mphete yosavuta, kunja kwa mzere woonda kumayikidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zina.
Matete
Pa zala za okwatirana, zokongoletsera zopangidwa ndi golide wangwiro zimawoneka modala kwambiri. A Jelitsa amakhulupirira kuti mattness amatsindika kukongola kwachilengedwe kwa chitsulo chamtengo wapatalichi. Kuphatikiza apo, mphete iyi imakhazikitsidwanso mawonekedwe ake oyambirirawo, chifukwa zingwe zimawonekeranso.
Mitundu yotchuka yophatikizika ndi zinthu zamiyala komanso matte.
Zitsanzo
Wapayekha
Ambiri omwe angokwatirana kumene amakhalabe okhulupirika ndipo sankhani zinthu zosavuta ngati mabatani ngati mphete zaukwati. Zokongoletsera zimatha kukhala zokulirapo kapena zopapatiza. Mukamasankha m'lifupi, lingalirani za zala ndi maburashi, kukula kwa kanjedza. Mbewu wambiri wagolide ziwopsezo kuwoneka ngati zala zofooka, pomwe chivundikiro chochepa cha golide chimatayika motsutsana ndi kanjedza.
Msilamu
Akuluakulu omwe amangotanthauza Chisilamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwambo wa mphete zaukwati pomwe zolembedwa za Chiarabu zimalembedwa. Mawu amatha kujambulidwa onse akunja ndi mkati mwa malonda. Msilamu Rings atatseka ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena yokongoletsedwa ndi zoyika kuchokera kwa owongolera ena.
Afvivic
Kwa mafani a kapangidwe koyambirira, mphete zokhala ndi zipsera zimabwera ku mzimu. Popeza makolo athu, mphete idali ndi mtengo wopatulika kwambiri, kutanthauza kuti sikuti ndi kulumikizana kwa mitima iwiri, komanso kuphatikiza kwa kubadwa pawiri. Amayikidwa ndi zizindikiro ndi izi kapena zinthu zina zotetezeka. Ndemanga zotere ziyenera kukhala zofanana pa okwatirana.
Zosakhazikika
Pali mabanja omwe miyala yamtengo wapatali, kuphatikiza mphete zaukwati, zimafalikira kuchokera kwa makolo awo kwa makolo. Zokongoletsera zotere zimayenera kutengedwa kokha monga mphatso kuchokera kwa wachibale wapafupi kwambiri. Pali chikhulupiriro chakuti golide ungapulumutse mphamvu ya mwini wake. Ngati palibe chidaliro kuti Woperekayo adakhala moyo wabwino, osatenga mphete zakale. Pali chiopsezo cholumikizira chisangalalo chosasangalatsa.
Ukwati
Achinyamata omwe asankha kupanga mgwirizano wawo mu tchalitchi, asankhe mphete ndi zojambulajambula "sungani ndi kusunga". Amagwirizana kwathunthu pa chala chimodzi ndi chovala wamba. Okhulupirira Orthodox amapatsa mphete zaukwati ndi katundu wa chithumwa, womwe amatha kusunga thanzi labanja.
Mphete ndi nkhope ya diamondi
Iyi ndi mtundu wokwera mtengo wa malonda. A Jelelers amapanga zokongoletsera zokongoletsera ndi zida zapadera zokhala ndi ma bamondi diamondi. Mtengo wotere umawoneka wokongola kwambiri, koma pamafunika ntchito ya ngwazi yoyenerera kwambiri.
Kodi Mungasankhe Bwanji?
Mukamasankha mphete zaukwati, m'lifupi mwake chiyenera kutsogoleredwa. Iyenera kukhala yogwirizana mogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa zala, kanjedza ndi maburashi. Ndikugula zokongoletsera ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti zidzavalidwe tsiku lililonse kwazaka zambiri. Chifukwa chake, mphete iyenera kukhala bwino.
Kulemera koyenera kwa mankhwalawa ndi magalamu 5-7. Mphete yayikulu kwambiri imatha kubweretsa kusasangalala.
Ndikofunikira kuti m'mimba mwake muli mamilimita angapo ambiri. Ndi zaka, zala zanu zimatha. Kuti zaka zingapo pambuyo pake sizinafunikire kupita ku malo okongola a miyala, ndibwino kuti mulingalire kaye zokongoletsera za ukwati.
Kusamala
Golide amakhala ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri zamankhwala zomwe zimamulola kuti azilankhula pazaka zonsezi. Komabe, polenga zodzikongoletsera zagolide, ma entros amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zitsulo zina zodzikuza. Koma ngakhale nthawi yomweyo, miyala yamtengo wamtengo wapatali simumataya mawonekedwe awo.
Zikachitika kuti mphete yaukwati inkadetsedwa kapena ngakhale kusuta - sizovuta, sizingasokoneze mavuto aliwonse. Nthawi yomweyo, sikofunikira kutetezedwa ndi owalitsa. Kunyumba, ndizosavuta kubwezeretsa kukongola wakale kwa zodzikongoletsera.
Ndikokwanira mu sopo yankho lowonjezera pang'ono ma ammonia ndikulowetsa zomwezo. Pambuyo pake, mphete imatha kutsukidwa mosamala ndi mano ofewa kuti musakande zokongoletsa.
Njira Zoyambira Zoyambirira
Mphete zaukwati zimatha kukhala zokongoletsera kwambiri ngati zimapangidwa ndi mtundu wotchuka kapena kukhala ndi kapangidwe kambiri. Zoterezi zopatsa mwayi woyimira mabwalo apamwamba kwambiri, omwe amafuna kutsindika malo awo ndi zodzikongoletsera zapadera.
Mphete zokongola zaukwati wokhala ndi kapangidwe koyambirira zitha kugulidwanso m'sitolo. Sikovuta kupeza zabodza pansi pa chinthu chotchuka. Mtundu wa mwala sudzakhala woipa. Komanso omwe angokwatirana kumene amalota mphete zachilendo zaukwati zimatha kulumikizana ndi jeeler.
Ndi enamel
Ngati enamel dongosolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mphete yakale, idzasandulika kukongoletsa modabwitsa. Kuphimba kumatha kukhala monophonic kapena utawaleza. Mphete ndi enamel ali ndi mawonekedwe ena. Zonse zimatengera zongopeka za woyeza.
M'melikano
Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wakhala "America" waku America ". Amadziwika kuti m'malo mwa mawonekedwe a convex, malonda ali ndi nkhope zolimba ndi mbali zosankhidwa. Pofika pamtanda, mphete imapanga makona. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake, mwa anthu, mtunduwu unkatchedwa "Washer".
Bwalo
Msinkhu wozungulira uli ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Gawo lawo lamkati ndi lozungulira, lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wokongoletsa ngati chinthu chapamwamba. Gawo lakunja la mbali zinayi likukulira, kupanga ngodya. Chifukwa chake, mphete imapeza mawonekedwe a lalikulu. Mukamasankha zokongola zotere, zoyenera kusamala ndizofunikira, chifukwa mphete yolumikizira isakhale yokongola, komanso yosavuta.
Zokongoletsa zaukwati zimakhala ndi mapangidwe opanda pake. Aphunzitsi aluso sasiya kutsatira njira zoyambirira za zowonjezera. Komanso kumene kumene kumene kumene kumeneku amatha kuyitanitsa mphete ndi zojambula. Chifukwa chake, mwalawo udzakhala ndi munthu aliyense payekha ndipo nthawi zonse amakumbutsa tsiku losangalatsa kwambiri m'moyo wa okwatirana.
