Ichi ndi chowonadi chodabwitsa, koma lingaliro loti "lorimimi", lomwe timagwiritsa ntchito masiku ano, malinga ndi 1880 zokha. Izi zisanachitike, akatswiri a mapepala am'makalata amatchedwa "Orkat" (omwe adawonetsa "ziwerengero zomwe zapindidwa"). Mairomi ndiwotchuka kwambiri ku Japan, m'maiko ena ambiri ku Asia, kuphatikiza China, ndipo njirayi masiku ano imadziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Kodi oyambira adabwera liti?
Oreamu ndi subspecies yazachilendo yokongoletsa ndikuyigwiritsa ntchito, dziko lomwe lachokera ku China wakale. Inali pano pepala lomwe lidapangidwa nthawi imodzi, ndipo ili ndi nkhani yayikulu yomwe mawonekedwe amapangidwa. Dzinalo la njirayi limachokera ku Chijapani "Ori" - "owonjezera" ndi "kami" - pepala (Mulungu "). Mwakutero, Oritimi ndi chilengedwe chaluso kwambiri cha mitundu yonse ya pepala lapadera la ana ndi akulu.
Poyamba, anthuwa anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zachipembedzo motero ndi amonke okha ndi oimira olemekezeka omwe akulemekezekawa adatha kupanga iwo. Zimangoganiza kuti zojambulazo ziyenera kupanga kuchokera papepala anthu onse okhala ndi malo apamwamba. Chifukwa chake, zaka mazana ambiri adachita kale ntchitoyi idayesedwa yotchuka. Kutuluka kwa ma artyi kunapangitsa kufalitsa chikhalidwe ichi padziko lapansi.
Kukula kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kutchuka kwa zinthu zina kwa Orimabomi kunachitika ku Japan. Achijapani ali kale mu nthawi ya mzera wamfumu wa Hayene, womwewo mpaka 1185 mpaka 1185, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana pokonza miyambo yosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Samurai adapereka zizindikiro zina za mwayi wabwino mu mawonekedwe a nthiti kuchokera papepala. Oyambira nthawi zambiri ankakumana pa zikondwerero zaukwati: kwa chiwonetsero cha chochitika chomwe mapepala ambiri adapangidwira kwa omwe angokwatirana kumene.
Zojambulazi mu Middle Ages zimapezekanso m'maiko ena, osati Asia wokha, komanso European.
Ku Europe, mwatsoka, palibe chidziwitso chochuluka chokhudza momwe luso la zowonjezera zowonjezera kuchokera papepala layamba. Komabe, amadziwika kuti, mwachitsanzo, Atrabu adayamba kupanga zolembera zaka za m'ma 600, Maurus adabweretsa njira iyi pa Peninsulan Peninsula wa Pyrenaan m'zaka za zana la m'ma 900. Ajeremani adayamba kupanga ziwonetsero za net mu XV-XVI zaka zambiri. M'mayiko aku Europe, Oritiami adagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamavuto. Koma zodziwika bwino ku Europe, zojambula zoyambirirazi zangokhala za XVII-XVIII zaka zambiri, pomwe panali njira zambiri zachikale panthawiyo. M'zaka za XIX, zoyambira zidalandilidwa kwamisala. Mchere wamoto, popanga mabungwe ophunzitsa, omwe aperekedwa kuti ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito Ortidi kuti athandize ana kuti athe kupanga chala.
Kuyambira 60s a zaka za zana la 20, Origtomi wakhala malangizo aluso. Kenako luso loyambirira loyambirira, monga choyambira cha modem mobwerezabwereza, nawonso adapangidwanso. Tekinoloje iyi imasiyana kwambiri ndi yophunzitsa. Mu mawonekedwe wamba amtundu wa chiyambi kwambiri ndikupindidwa kuchokera pa tsamba limodzi. Munjira ya Modelar, chiwerengerochi chizikhala ndi ziwalo zina, zomwe zimayikidwa wina ndi mnzake mu dongosolo lomwe mukufuna. Zotsatira zake, pali malonda ambiri.
Kukula kwa Ukadaulo
Katswiri wa Classic Stamami Margemis amawoneka ngati ziwonetsero zathyathyathya - nthawi zambiri zimakhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana kapena zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi nkhope imodzi ndipo sizingakhale zolimba. Njirayi imapanga amphaka ndi zimbalangondo, chipale chofewa komanso ziwerengero zina zambiri zosangalatsa. Nkhaniyi ikunena kuti m'dzikoli pali njira iliyonse ya njira yosangalatsayi, kutengera pamene zidafika ku dziko linalake komanso kutchuka.
Mwachitsanzo, ana onse ku Russia amapanga mabwato kapena ndege kuchokera papepala kwa zaka zambiri, popanda kukayikira kuti izi ndi ziwonetsero zotchuka kuchokera mu njira ya Squamited Orimita.
Njira zodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi njira zotsatirazi zopanga ziwerengero za kulenga kuchokera papepala lapadera.
Zoyambira Zosavuta
Zoyambira zoyesedwa zosavuta zidabwera ndi Chingerezi a Juni John Smith. Kuzindikira njirayi ndikuti pakupanga ziwerengero, njira yokhayo yokululira "yotsekera" ndi "chigwa" chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtunduwu ndi wabwino kwa aluso oyambira. Palibe malingaliro ovuta omwe ndi okonda zida wamba. Zoyambira zosavuta ndi njira yomwe amayamba kuphunzitsa ana mtundu waku Asia.
Njira "Mwa Njira"
Chitsanzo ndi kusesa momwe chithunzi chomveka bwino, chiri pa chake chomwe chidzakhala chithunzi chamtsogolo (padzakhala zinthu zonse zomwe zilipo ndi zifaniziro zamtsogolo). Muyenera kungopereka mawonekedwe a osankhidwa. Koma akatswiri ambiri amaganizabe kuti njirayi imavuta kwa oyamba kumene. Chifukwa cha njira yoyambirira iyi, ndikotheka kuyipitsa chithunzicho, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, kudziwa momwe zidachitikira. Pachifukwa ichi, mapangidwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma prototypes amakono.
Njira ya "yonyowa" yoyambira
Zinapangidwa ndi katswiri waluso wotchedwa Akidzava. Anangoganiza zogwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri kuti apereke pepala. Pogwiritsa ntchito madzi, zithunzi za pepala zimayamba kukhala ndi malo omwe akuwafunira, mawonekedwe awo amakhala owonekera kwambiri komanso okhwima.
Njirayi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazomera kapena ziwerengero za nyama, monga zimawerengedwa kuti ndizovuta . Kuphatikiza apo, zikomo kwa njira ya "yonyowa" yokulufulira, zithunzi zotsirizira zimawoneka bwino kwambiri. Kwa njira yotere, pepala lapadera ligwiritsidwa ntchito, limakhazikitsidwa ndi guluu waluso. Ndi icho, chofiira cha pepala chidzakhala bwino wina ndi mnzake.
Kukumba
Uwu ndi mtundu wa zoyambira zodziwika bwino. Chinsinsi cha ntchitoyo ndikutola mawonekedwe mu mawonekedwe a mapepala a mapepala. Pofuna kuti munthu womaliza akhale wolimba, tsatanetsatanewu nthawi zambiri amangokhala limodzi. Ndi njira iyi, mutha kupanga nyimbo zodabwitsa kwambiri kuchokera ku mitundu yamapepala ndikuzikongoletsa mkati mwa nyumba iliyonse.
Zojambula masiku ano
Nkhondo yachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi itatha kumapeto kwa nkhondo mu 1945, pamene nkhondoyi ikatha atatha kumapeto kwa nkhondoyo atatha kumapeto kwa nkhondo mu 1945, pamene nkhondoyi ikatha kumapeto kwa nkhondo itatha, kumenya koyamba ku United States, ndipo pambuyo pake, m'mbuyomu - m'maiko ambiri ku Europe.
Mwa njira, luso lofanana ndi lorimami, nthawi zina limawonekera mwapadera m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, sukulu yakanema ku Spain imadziwika, imagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina la Miguel Umu. Sukuluyi nthawi ina idagawika njira yake yokulukira mapepala mpaka ku Latin America. Anthu okhala ku Spain abwera ndi njira zawo zopangira ziwonetsero zapamwamba, komanso kuwonjezera apo, zopangidwa ndi zatsopano (njira yopanga mapepala).
Zaluso za Orimami idawoneka gawo lachifalansa pafupi ndi kutha kwa matsenga a XIX ndipo anali atagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu papepala loyera, lomwe limapangitsa mapiko a Swang .
Dziko lililonse limatengera luso la zoyambira zam'maiko zakale, poganizira miyambo yawo.
Ku Holland, kulengedwa kwa mapepala kumatanthauza zokongoletsera ndikugwiritsa ntchito zojambulajambula, kumayimirira pamenepo mzere umodzi ndi kuluka macrame.
Ku Russia, ukadaulo wa Loridami umayesedwa ngati njira imodzi yophunzitsira mu Kindergartans ndipo masukulu . Aphunzitsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makalasi ana, akuwonetsa, momwe angapangire zojambula zosiyanasiyana pamapepala apadera. Kudzipereka kwamtunduwu kumakupatsani mwayi woti musangokhala pagome losaya, komanso kuganiza, komanso kukumbukira, mfundo.
Zoyambira zonse zimayambira. Komabe, lero mutha kuthana ndi mitundu yotereyi kuchokera ku makona atatu, rectangle, polygon.
Zosangalatsa
Amakhulupirira kuti gawo loyamba la Zorioni linkasindikizidwa mu 1797, limasanjidwa ndi dzina lolankhula kwambiri "Sembika Orkat" ("Momwe Mungapangire Mako a 1000"). Wolemba wa Akisato Rito Dongosolo Lathu Osati njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira ziwerengero, kuchuluka kwake kunatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa miyambo ya dziko lakutali.
M'buku la malembawo, mutha kupeza zomwe zinthu zinachita zachilendo kwambiri zokhudzana ndi njira yoyambira. Pali mbiri yazovuta kwambiri, chithunzi chovuta kwambiri, chodziwika bwino komanso mbiri zina zambiri.
Mwa njira, kuchokera papepala maziko opangidwa ndi zhuravlik kuyambira 1999 ndi chizindikiro cha mtendere padziko lonse lapansi. Posachedwa, makalata akuluakulu otchuka kwambiri adapangidwa. Kutalika kwake kupitirira 6 m, adalemera makilogalamu 794 kg. Crane anali waukulu kwambiri kotero kuti amayenera kutsegula ndi kuwonetsa kwa omvera ku bwalo lalikulu la bwalo lalikulu.
Wina waluso wa Omadole wa Omaromiamia, akira nitia, adapanga crane yaying'ono kwambiri mdziko la microscopic Pepala lalikulu ndi magawo 0.1x0.1 mm. AKire amayenera kuchita ntchito yowawa iyi mothandizidwa ndi akatswiri a akatswiri a akatswiri a akatswiri komanso ma microscope abwino.
Nthawi zambiri, anthu aku Japan adapangidwa kuchokera papepala lapadera. Ambuye amakono angagwiritse ntchito pepala lokuluka mwachizolowezi pa zolinga zotere, nthawi zina mutha kupeza ziwerengero kuchokera kwa makandulo ochokera ku maswiti. Pepala la nyuzipepala nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mphatso yopanga kwambiri imatha kukhala fano, yopindidwa bwino kuchokera ku ndalama za ndalama.
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