Chimodzi mwa zida zachilendo zachilendo, zomwe ambiri mwa ife sitimadziwika konse, ndi carllon. Amayikidwa makamaka m'matchalitchi ndi pa Bell Tower kuti apereke tanthauzo lofunikira. Mbiri ya kuwonekera kwa chida ichi, kufotokozera, monga malo omwe mungamve nyimbo za prillan ku Russia, tikambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Ndi chiyani?
Carillon ndi chida chapadera cha nyimbo chomwe chimakhala ndi mabelu ena osiyanasiyana. Amakonzedwa mu mawonekedwe apadera a 2 mpaka 6 octave. Kumvera kwa chipangizocho kumadaliranso belu lokha, komanso kuchokera ku zinthu zake kokha, komanso momwe zimaponyedwera, komanso kuchokera ku Towa Towertics. Orchestra ochokera kumasewera chifukwa chakuti zinthu zonse zakhazikika pokhazikika, ndipo malirime amkati amalumikizidwa ndi waya wokhala ndi makiyi apadera, omwe ali ndi makiyi owongolera.
Belu iliyonse imapanga cholembera molingana ndi makonzedwe.
Carillion imatha kuyang'aniridwa m'njira zitatu.
- Mu kuwongolera kwamakina, zimangotengera mabulosi akulu okhala ndi mabowo kuchokera kumaupangiri akuthwa.
- Kumagetsi, zonse zomwe zikuyendetsedwa ndi kompyuta.
- Mu buku - zikomo kugwedezeka ndi manja ndi miyendo, komanso kukanikiza miyendo pa quers. Zikomo kwa iwo, mutha kusintha mawonekedwe a zolemba ndi mphamvu yabwino.
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chida choterechi ndi ngati thupi, m'malo mwa mapaipi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mbiri ya Chida Choimbira
Chifukwa cha zofukufuku wa makambira ofukula za m'mabwinja ku China, zitha kunenedwa kuti ma carlilles oyamba adakali m'zaka za zana la V. Ataphunzira chida, zidakwana kuti ili ndi mawu ambiri, ndipo belu lililonse limatha mawu awiri, ngati mutazimenya mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Ku Europe, ma carillans omwe adawonekera mu XV-XV zaka zambiri, kutchulidwa koyamba kwa masiku awo kuyambira 1478. Ku France ndi Netherlands adagwiritsidwa ntchito polambira m'matchalitchi achikatolika. Adayikidwa pa maora a nsanja, kenako adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida choimbira.
Kusewera chida kunali kolemekezeka kwambiri, ndipo luso lake lidabadwa.
Carillion okhazikitsidwa m'makachisi achikatolika amayenera kukhala ndi mabelu 23 omwe adayikidwa muzoloweredwa kwachilengedwe. Ku Orthodox, chilichonse chinali chosiyana. Belu lililonse lotsatira liyenera kukhala kawiri kawiri kapena kupitilira kuposa kale. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti zidazi zidawoneka popanda wina ndi mnzake.
Mumzinda wa Dunkirk panali choyambirira choyambirira cha chida ichi ndikuphedwa kwa nyimbo zatsopano zopangidwa, ndipo Jan Van Vveer adapanga kiyibodi yapadera kwa Iye. Mu 1481, mbuye wosadziwika adasewera pa Icho chachikulu, ndipo mu 1487, Elisisi wina adasankhidwa ku Antwerp. Mu 1510, carillon adasonkhanitsidwa mu AudidNede ndi shaft ya nyimbo ndi mabelu 9. Kale theka la zaka zana, mtundu wa m'manja udapangidwa.
Kutchuka ndi chitukuko cha chida sichinayime, chaka chilichonse kuchuluka kwa zida kumangowonjezeredwa. Mu 1652, carillon yokhazikika ya mabelu 51 ndi mawu ogwirizana. Ngakhale anali wosangalala kwambiri, anafunika kwambiri mpaka nkhondo yapakati pa Holland ndi England adayamba. Kenako kumapeto kwa XVII zaka za XVII kunayamba nkhondo ya ku Spain, kutsika kwachuma kwachuma kunayamba, kotero kupanga callilsons kunatha.
Kutsitsimutsa kwa chidani kunayamba ku Belgium, mumzinda wa Mecheleni, kokha m'zaka za XIX. Anadziwika kuti ndi pakati pa nyimbo za Carillon. Tsopano pali mpikisano wodziwika kwambiri wapadziko lonse wosewera pa carillion wotchedwa "Mfumukazi Fanio". Mavuto onse ndi zatsopano zokhudzana ndi luso la masewerawa zikukambidwa ndendende kumeneko.
Pakadali pano, ma carlillons akuluakulu 4 amasewera mumzinda, wamkulu kwambiri amakhala ndi mabelu 197. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi mafoni ndikugwiritsa ntchito zochitika zapadera. Imayimirira pa Trolley, yomwe imakulungidwa pa lalikulu. Mu chida ichi, belu loyambirira la mzindawo lidayikidwapo, lomwe lidaponyedwa m'mbuyomo mu 1480.
Zida zina zitatu zili mu Town Tower of Matchalitchi aku Urban.
Ku Munich, sukulu yapadera yakhala ikugwira ntchito pophunzira luso ili, lomwe limakhazikitsidwa mu 1922. E. Pamsika ophunzira ochokera kumaiko onse. Maphunziro amadutsa mosiyana ndi wophunzira aliyense kwa zaka 6.
Monga momwe amadziwika kuchokera ku mbiriyakale, pakupezeka kwathunthu kwa chida ichi, makope pafupifupi 6,000 adapangidwa. Gawo lawo lidatayika nthawi yankhondo. Pakadali pano, m'maiko onse, pafupifupi ma carillans pafupifupi 900 atha kuwerengedwa (13 mwa iwo ndi mafoni), olemera kwambiri amalemera matani 102 ndikutaya kuchokera ku mkuwa. Ili ku mpingo wa mpingo ku United States, idasonkhana kuchokera m'mabelu 700, olemera kwambiri matani 20.5 ndipo ali ndi bwalo la 3.5 m.
Zotchuka ku Russia
Ku Russia, Karillon adatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha Emperor Peter I. Chidacho chinatengedwa kuchokera ku Holland ndipo chidakhazikitsidwa ndi mabelu 35. Kwa zaka 25, sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito, kenako kunakhazikitsidwa ku St. Petersburg mu bepropavskskyks. Mu 1756 moto unachitika, ndipo chida chinatentha ndi tchalitchi.
Erisabeth Petrovna adalamula chidwi chake, koma mabelu 38 okha. Mu 1776 Icho chinakhazikitsidwa. Popita nthawi, adakhumudwa, ndipo kunadabwa, ndipo zitachitika izi zinawonongedwatu. Tsopano pali zida zingapo zotere ku Russia.
Kubwerezedwanso ku Carillon kunawonekera ku St. Petersburg polemekeza tsiku la 300 la mzindawo. Chidacho chidakhazikitsidwanso ndi belopevlovskykskyks. Mu gawo la belu la amuna atatu la mabelu limapezeka mzere uliwonse. V Mmodzi - 11 amathera, wina - mabelu a Orthodox, mu lachitatu - 18 mbiri yakale yomwe idatsalira ku chida choyambirira cha Chi Dutch.
Crillon wina ali pamtanda pachilumba cha Cross. Ili ndi chida chamakono chowongolera zamagetsi. Muli mabelu a pakompyuta ndi 18 zamagetsi.
Posachedwa kwambiri, chida chonyamulika anayiwo chinabwera kuchokera ku Holland, chili ku Belgorodod. Adakhazikitsidwa kulemekeza tsiku lokumbukira ma prokharovykykyky. Wophunzira woyamba wa omvera ndi mawuwo adachitika pa Julayi 12, 2019. Carillon yamakono ndi yapadera, imakhala ndi mabelu 51, imatha kugwira ntchito 2 modula: makina ndi buku. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi mafoni, imatha kuyikika m'galimoto yapadera ndikunyamula mozungulira mzindawo, ndikusangalala ndi nyimbo za mafani ake. Mapangidwe amatulutsidwa m'magawo atatu, motero ndikosavuta kunyamula ngakhale pagalimoto yonyamula.
Mu 2001, chifukwa cha osonkhanira mumzinda wa Kondopoga, omwe ali ku Karelia, mabatani 2 ndi 23 adayikidwa. Amachokera ku Netherlands ndipo amapangidwa malinga ndi dongosolo layekha.
Chida chachikulu chomwe chidayikidwa mu mawonekedwe a kukhazikitsidwa kwa ayezi kunyumba yachifumu. Kuyimbira kwachitsulo chino ndi 14 mmwamba, amajambulidwa ndi mabelu mbali zonse ziwiri. Kulemera kwawo kwathunthu ndi 500 kg.
Trillon yaying'ono idayikidwa mu mzindawo moyang'anizana ndi malo osungirako zakale a Kondomog. Chidachi ndi chochititsa chidwi, gawo lotsika lomwe limakhala ndi wotchi, ndipo pamwamba mu mawonekedwe atatu okhala ndi mabelu. Nyimbo za Carlilton zimasewera ola lililonse mosiyanasiyana.
