M'makhalidwe a Europe popanda supuni, palibe amene angachite. Amapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a Phunziro la tebulo kumadalira cholinga chake: khofi, tiyi, zakudya. Nthawi yomweyo timamvetsetsa zomwe tidzakhala, kapenanso mbale ina, ndipo musaganize kuti chinthuchi chidapangidwa komanso poyerekeza ndi ife.
Mbiri ndi Chisinthiko Cha Sipon
Supuni ili yabwino kwambiri kotero kuti ndizosatheka kukhazikitsa nthawi yake. Ofufuzawo amatcha tsiku lobadwa losiyana, ukalamba umasinthasintha kwa zaka zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Sizikudziwika ngakhale chiyambi cha dzina la Mawu awa. Akatswiri a Zilankhulo amawona kuti ndevu za Gelavonic mu mawu akuti "laick" kapena "chofunza", komanso "chipika", chomwe chimatanthawuza "Kuyenda", komwe kumatanthauza "Kuyenda". Ndikotheka kuyambira ku Chigriki - "kumeza".
Wina amadziwa bwino kuti supuonyo idawonekera kwambiri foloko yapitayi. Imatha kudya chakudya cholimba komanso chamadzimadzi, komanso foloko - cholimba chokha.
Dziko lakale
Kufalikira kwa supuni Kugwiritsa ntchito anthu akale kwambiri, izi zinali zipolopolo zam'madzi, ma shelves a chipolopolo kapena masamba owonda a mbewu. Mpaka pano, mafuko ena ku Africa ndi South America amagwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo zabwino za mollusk. Spopons oyamba opangidwa ndi anthu amawoneka ngati mabulashi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi zopota zazifupi. Pambuyo pake kupanga chinthu ichi chogwiritsidwa ntchito mtengo, mafupa ndi nyanga za nyama, ngakhale pambuyo pake - chitsulo.
Zofukufuku adatsimikizira kuti Ku Egypt wakale, tinkakonda kulowa m'zaka za zana lachisanu kupita ku nthawi yathu ino, "zinthu zofananira zopangidwa ndi mwala zidapezeka. Agiriki akale adapanga ma spoons ku zipolopolo. Akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anapeza kufanana kwa zinthu zam'manja kuchokera ku nyanga za nyama ndi mafupa a Zaka za Zaka zachitatu mpaka nthawi yathu. Munthawi ya Heamday ya chitukuko cha Chiroma-Chigiriki, zida zamkuwa ndi siliva zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakudya chakudya zidawonekera.
Zaka zapakatikati
Ku Russia, ma spoons adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito zaka mazana angapo m'mbuyomu kuposa ku Europe. Mu Mbiri, dongosolo la Prince Vladimir (WC) limatchulidwa ndi ambuye popanga ziweto zasiliva zamagulu awo onse. Pofika nthawi ino Ku Russia, supuni yamatabwa idagwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse. M'mabanja ena, amisiliwo adadzipanga okha kudya chakudya chodyera. Koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zopangidwa ndi master-ogona. Monga momwe zinthu zogwiritsira ntchito: Aspen, mapulo, birch, linden, maula, mtengo wa maapota. Izi zinali zosavuta komanso zothandiza. Anayamba kudya ndipo anapentedwa pambuyo pake.
Kuphatikiza pa Italy ndi Greece, mukudziwa zida zodyeramo zokhala ndi pakati, mu zaka za XIII, anthu aku Europe adawoneka lumo la siliva. Pa zokambiranazo zinali ophunzira ophunzira a Yesu Kristu, motero matebulo adayamba kutcha "ziwombo za utumwi."
Kukonzanso
Mu zaka za XV zaka za XV, kupatula Bronze ndi siliva, adayamba kubereka zinthu zamkuwa ndi mkuwa. Zitsulo zimawerengedwabe mwayi wa anthu olemera, osauka adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zinthu zamatabwa.
Epoch yodziwitsa
Yoyamba woyamba adapita kukacheza ndi zida zake zodulidwa. Potengera chitsanzo chake, chizolowezi chidakonzedwa ku Russia: kupita kukacheza, tengani supuni naye. M'zaka za zana la XVIII, pomwe aluminiya adatsegulidwa, kudula koyamba kuchokera ku chitsulo ichi kunangotumizidwa ndi alendo oletsedwa, kuwombera zotsala ndi zasiliva. M'zaka 100 zofananira, spoons ozungulira apeza mawonekedwe wamba komanso abwino. Kuphatikiza apo, mafashoni owoneka bwino a tiyi akumwa ayambitsa kudula kwabwino kwa kukula kwina. Pofika nthawi ino ikani mawonekedwe a supuni, ndipo zochulukirapo - ndi khofi.
Mafashoni mu zovala zazitali za manja amakhalanso ndi gawo potembenuza - panali kufunika kwasamale, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chinthu ichi ndi chamakono.
Zaka Zaka Zaka Zaka Zanga
Germany E. Geithner kaye ku Europe (1825) adayamba kubala odulira mkuwa, zinc ndi Nickel alloy, adamuyitana ankhondo. Mtengo wa Alloy mtengo wotsika mtengo kuposa siliva, opanga ku Europe adayamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito pazogulitsa zawo. Masiku ano, supuni zoterezi zimatchedwa Melicioris, ndipo sanataye kutchuka kwawo.
XX, XXI zaka
Kutseguka kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumayambiriro kwa zaka zana zapitazi kwakhala malo osinthira m'mbiri yodyera. Tsopano zitsulo zachitsulozi zimapanga 80% ya zopondapo zonse padziko lapansi. Chrome, yomwe idalowa mu chinthucho, imachiritsa ku chilengedwe.
Masiku ano, ma spoons amatulutsa zitsulo zosiyanasiyana ndi zowongolera, koma siliva wa pabuloli akadali ndi ulemu.
Zosangalatsa
Spoons akuwoneka kuti amakhala wamba wamba, zozizwitsa kukhitchini. Koma, atadutsa njira yayitali kwambiri, adatenga nawo mbali m'nkhani zambiri zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, si aliyense amene akudziwa komwe mawu akuti "akumenya mabampu" amachokera, ngakhale aliyense amadziwa kuti amalankhula zaulesi. Mlandu wa Lodkuri pali ntchito yosavuta - ikuwonongeka kulowa m'magawo (mabisiketi) omwe amayamba kukhala ndi zinthu zamtsogolo. Mukupanga ma spoons, mabampu ankawonedwa ngati bizinesi yopepuka ndipo idakhazikitsidwa mwa othandiza kwambiri.
M'masiku akale aliyense anali ndi supuni yake. Mwana wakhanda atawonekera mano koyamba ndipo adayamba kupeza chakudya china, kuphatikizapo mkaka wa makolo, adapatsidwa supuni yaying'ono. Linawonedwa kuti: Ngati limapangidwa ndi siliva kapena golide, mwana mtsogolo sadzafunikira kalikonse. Kwa miyambo, anthu amakono nthawi zambiri amachitiridwanso, kupatsa mwana ndi supuva yasiliva "pamano."
Anthu amakhulupirira zizindikilo zina zomwe zimalumikizidwa ndi zodulira:
- kuyika mwayi wa ziwondo ziwiri mu kapu imodzi, mutha kuyembekezera ukwati;
- Supuni idagwa patebulopo - dikirani kuti mudzacheze mkaziyo, mpeni udaponyedwa - munthu abwera;
- Zowonjezera zowonjezera zinali pagome mkati mwa nkhomaliro cha banja - padzakhala alendo;
- Ndikosatheka kugogoda patebulopo ndi supuni - zovuta zidzabwera;
- Iwo amene amanyadira supuni atatha kudya, kudikirira banja losangalala.
Kateyoyo idasewera gawo lake m'moyo wakale. M'zaka za XIX, achinyamata omwe amalandira maphunziro ku Yunivesite ya Kazan, mayeso onse asanaike ma spoens omwe amayendetsa bwino mayeso. Ndikosavuta kunena kuti mfundoyi ikufotokozedwayi kuvomerezedwa kuti, koma ophunzira amakhulupirira kuti akugwira ntchito. Ku University of Cambridge, supuniyo idagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwambo ina: Makandulo adzukulu adadulidwa mumtengowo ndi kukula kwa kukula kwa anthu ndikupatsa wophunzira wakumbuyo kwambiri ngati chizindikiro cha chitonthozo.
MBWINO WABWINO WA Produmy Salvador Dali adagwiritsa ntchito supuni ngati wotchi. Anakhala wofunika kwambiri tsiku logona, koma sanafune nthawi yambiri pa iye. Kugona pampando womwe mumakonda, wojambulayo adasunga chinthu cha pagome m'manja mwake. Atagwa, Dali adadzuka kuchokera pakumveka. Apa anali wokwanira kubwezeretsa mphamvu kuti apitilize kugwira ntchito.
Chinthu chaching'ono chotere, monga supuni, ali ndi mbiri yayitali ndipo ndi malingaliro osangalatsa a moyo wathu.
Mu kanema wotsatira mupeza nkhani ya supuni pazithunzi.