Zida zoimbira zimaperekedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Chimodzi mwa zingwe zazikulu kwambiri ndi bass iwiri, yomwe ili ndi mapulogalamu angapo. Chida choterocho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati symphony orchestra, ku Jazz ndi nyimbo zamakono. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti chida chinalengedwa zaka mazana atatu zapitazo ndipo mpaka pano ndizofunikira, chifukwa zimapangitsa kuti mawu aliwonse azikhala osiyana ndi ena. Oimba amakondwerera zinthu zambiri zaukadaulo komanso mtundu womwe umapereka chida ichi. Munkhaniyi, timalongosolera za mabasi awiriwo, mitundu yake, yomwe tidzaperekanso maudindo, komanso kunena za mbiri yakale ya chilengedwe chake.
Ndi chiyani?
Zida zomwe zili m'gulu la a Violin zili ndi kusiyana kwawo, koma bass iwiri idawonedwapo mwanjira yake. Chida ichi chimapangidwa kuchokera ku miyala yamtengo wapatali, kapangidwe kamene kamafanana ndi kapangidwe ka gitala nthawi zonse ndi zingwe. Kuphatikiza pa mahekitala ndi zipolopolo zokhala ndi zipolopolo ndikuwongolera, zimakhala ndi mabowo ndikuyimilira. Chosiyanasiyana cha malonda ndichakuti zingwe zongoyambilira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chitsulo kapena zodzola kapena ketchut, koma nthawi zonse amakhala ndi kuluka kwa mkuwa kapena siliva. Basi awiri amawoneka wokongola.
Kusewera kumafunikira uta, womwe umaperekedwa mosiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu.
Kapangidwe ka Germany kumadziwika ndi makulidwe ena ndi maofesi afupi, ndipo Chifalansa ndi woonda ndipo ndi wautali, motero akuyendetsa.
Ochita masewera amakono amasangalala ndi mauta osiyanasiyana, komabe pali zosiyana zina mwanjira yogwiritsa ntchito. Katundu waku France uyenera kusungidwa pamwamba, pomwe chala chimayenera kukhala pansi pa nzimbe, mosiyana ndi Mjeremani, zomwe zimasunga mbali, ndi chala pansi.
Ponena za kukula kwa mabasi awiri, ndi osiyana. Kutalika kwa okwera kwambiri mpaka 1.8 m, ndipo pang'ono ali ngati cello. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti gawo ili limasiyanasiyana ndi chipilala chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thandizo. M'mazaka za zana la makumi awiri, osakhulupirira zamagetsi adapangidwa, kulemera komwe kunali kocheperako, komwe kumayendera mosavuta. Komabe, panthawiyi, kupanga chida choimbira nyimbo chinali chosinthika, kotero masiku ano tikuimiriridwa ndi minzura yolimba.
Mbiri Yoyambira
Ndizosangalatsa kuzidziwa nokha ndi mbiri yopanga chida choimbira ichi, chomwe chinayamba m'nthawi ya Renaissance. Dziwani kuti woyamba adawonekera kuvina kowirikiza kawiri konse kunachitika, zomwe zidakhala wotsogolera. Zaka mazana anayi zapitazo zopanga zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matumbo a nyama, koma sizinali zophweka kutulutsani, kotero ambuye adapanga chipangizocho chomwe chinali ndi magiya ndi magawo. Zatsopano zinali zoopsa za mphekesera. Izi zidapangitsa kuti azipanga zingwe zobisika kwambiri, choncho oimbawo anali osavuta kuwathera, kupatula, utawu unali wosavuta kusuntha.
Poyamba, mawonekedwe a bass owiriawiri anali osavuta kwambiri, motero panali kufunika kosintha magawo osataya mawu otsika. Mpaka pano, kukula kwa chida chamakono ndi ¾ kwa omwe adatsogolera. Komabe, vuto la kulimba mtima la mawu silinathetsedwe, choncho ambuye adapanga gawo latsopano, lomwe linali ngati gulu la Violin.
Mlengi wa zida zoyambirira za BISS anali M. Dadini, omwe adachotsa Lada, adachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zingwe mpaka 4. Pambuyo pake, kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake kanapangidwa ndi ambuye osiyanasiyana a mipiringidzo ndi zoweta.
Mtundu wa BESSAL BISS adapulumuka zosintha zambiri . Poyamba, amafanana ndi Cello, koma kwakanthawi kati, chithunzicho chinaphatikizidwa, zotsatira za chida pamapeto pake zidatsimikiziridwa. Opanga zamakono sasintha malamulo a oyambitsa-oyambitsa. Amwezi aku Germany adapanga oseketsa omwe amatchedwa "Beer Bass", nthawi zambiri pamalamulo adasewera pa tchuthi chosiyanasiyana. M'dziko lililonse, malonda adakonzedwa mwanjira yake. Mwachitsanzo, oimba ndi oimba oimba achingelezi omwe adachita izi, koma French - mwa quunts.
Mapeto a m'zaka za zana la XVIII ndiofunika kuti nyimbo izi zachitika mwamphamvu ndi ma homepepes ku Europe ku Europe konse. Apa zinali choncho kuti pa Basis awiri adayamba kuchita Solo.
Mmodzi mwa oyimbawo adakhala mnzake wa njuchi adapeza mnzake wa njuchi, yemwe njira yake imatchedwa kuti zosintha zina. Ukadaulo womwe umawonedwanso kuti wochititsa komanso wopanga Italy D. bottezini. Anali ndani amene anatsegula njira zatsopano za zida zatsopano ndikuwukweza pamlingo wamasewera.
Mwinanso Bass iwiri ndi imodzi mwazida zingapo zomwe zasintha kwambiri chisinthiko chachikulu. M'zaka zana zapitazi, zidayamba kubala zinthu ndi zingwe 4 ndi 5, adadzaza zida zakale chifukwa cha kapangidwe koyenga. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti chifukwa cha ntchito za Wagner pamafunika zingwe zisanu, ndipo zida zokhala ndi zingwe 4 ndizoyenera Jazz, mawonekedwe awo ndi ofanana ndi cello.
Zochita zoyambira zimapangidwanso pamajino a mtundu wa peyala.
Chomveka
Ngakhale kuti m'lifupi mwake Bass ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi zida zina zam'mizinga, ambiri molakwika amakhulupirira kuti mawu ake ayenera kukhala amwano komanso mokweza. Kufota mphekesera izi, ziyenera kudziwitsidwa kuti Nthawi yopanga ndi yokongola kwambiri, ali ndi mtundu wapadera komanso wapadera. Ngati mukufotokozera mawuwo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo monga olemera, zofewa, zonenepa, zonenepa, m'ntchito zina zimatha kukumbutsa mawu. Kuchokera pagulu lonse la zingwe, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu symphony orchestra, bass iwiri yowirikiza imakhala yowoneka bwino - imapanga maziko ena pantchito yonse.
Mitundu yamitundu ya nyimbo imagwira ntchito mpaka 4 octove, osati zochulukirapo Komabe, chidwi ichi chimatha kutulutsa ngakhale kumveka bwino kwa Iwo, zonse zimatengera luso.
Dziwani kuti nyimbo za bass yowirikiza kawiri imalembedwa onse mu bass komanso kiyi ya violet, koma woyamba amawerenga kwambiri. Malinga ndi zolemba, woimbayo amayenera kusewera octide pansi, mu izi.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito chida chotere chifukwa cha miyeso yake. Manja a woimbayo ayenera kukhala wamkulu, ndipo zala zake zimatambasuka bwino. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mtunda wautali pakati pa maudindo, kotero malekezero achangu sapezeka kwa aliyense. Komabe, njira zenizeni za Vidioosos kufinya chida chonsechi, ndikuchita bwino "Ndege" kapena ntchito ya N. Paginini, zomwe zimasiyana kuthamanga kwachangu.
Kuwunikira mitundu
Chida chilichonse choimbira chilichonse chimagawidwa m'mitundu ingapo, bass iwiri siyisintha. Chida cha Puff-pini chomwe chimaphatikiza mawonekedwe a acoussic kawiri bass ndi njira zamagetsi amatchedwa electroolass. Ali ndi mawu apamwamba, koma njira zatsopano zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mmenemo, chifukwa chomwe itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale kujambula studios. Chida chimakhazikitsa chithunzi, chomwe chimatsimikizira kufala kwa oscillation a zingwe ndi nyumba.
Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha chipangizochi ndi kukula kwake, komwe kumachitika pang'ono. Chifukwa cha ma rims amagetsi, mutha kupeza mawu osangalatsa, ndikupanga china chatsopano kuti aphedwe. Ponena za woyenda wa electroctrostrasts, ndizosiyana kutengera mitundu. Zinthu zina ndi mainchesi 42, omwe ali ofanana mamita 106, omwe ali ofanana ndi zida zovomerezeka, magawo ena a masentimita 76 okha omwe amafanana ndi Cello kapena bass gitala.
Master kawiri Bass ndi chida chapadera, chomwe chikugwira ntchito kuti apange akatswiri ofufuza . Nthawi yomweyo, zofuna zanu ndi zofuna za woimbayo zitha kuganiziridwa. Katswiri amasankha mosamalitsa zomwe zili pazinthu za deck ndi gululi, komanso zopeza ndi zinthu zonse zopanga. Chida chamtunduwu ndi chokwera mtengo kuposa muyezo, kotero oimba aku dzina ladziko amasankhidwa.
Ndipo pamsika mutha kupeza semi-koussty kuwirikiza kawiri, komwe kumakhala ndi zamagetsi, ngakhale ofanana ndi chida chambiri.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito ndi Reprtoire
Banja lawiri limaphatikizidwa Mu gulu la zida zovomerezeka za chipinda ndi Symphony Orchestras, Popanda icho, ntchitoyi siyingakhale yodzaza. Cholinga cha chilengedwe chinali kufunika kokayikira maphwando a Bass, omwe amachitidwa ndi Cello. Chifukwa cha mabass awiri, maziko omveka ndi omveka bwino amapangidwa, mawuwo amakhala olemera komanso amthupi. Poyamba, chida chimodzi chokha choterocho chinali ku Orchestras, koma masiku ano magulu padziko lonse lapansi amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe 8.
Kodi ndizoyenera kunena kuti ana owiriwo anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu magulu ankhondo, omwe ali ndi mitundu yonse, ikhale yovuta, dziko, juz, mwala, osatchulanso nyimbo zodziwika bwino. Makonsati a zipembedzo zambiri sawononga popanda orchestra pomwe bass iwiri imapezeka.
Pofunikira kwambiri, chida chimakhala ndi magulu omwe ali ndi chitsogozo cha Jazi, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a Jazz, motero woimbayo amapatsidwa kuti akhale wogwirizana.
Masiku ano, masitayilo ambiri awonekera mdziko la nyimbo - solo, funki, fusion, zimatenga njira yapadera kuti iphedwere, kuti apereke zing'onozing'ono.
Tsitsirani kuthekera kwa chida ichi ndi luso la ursuosoo lidatha kukhala lotchedwa FODOMER D. DENDetti, yemwe adabweretsa phwando la Solo m'zaka za XVIII. Pambuyo pake, adayamba kupanga opanga monga a. Zimbalangondo, p. bottezini, V. Volkov, E. Meyer ndi ena ambiri. Mpaka pano, mutha kupeza chida chovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito zake. Kapustun, v. B. Ditterdorf, i.
Othandizira
Ku zolaula zilizonse zopanga zopanga Malo okhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwira ntchito yawo . Mwachitsanzo, mutha kupeza mlandu kapena vuto la ma bass awiri osungira modalirika komanso mayendedwe opambana. Mkati pakhoza kukhala mkwatulo wosiyana ndi zolemba ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, mwachitsanzo, zingwe. Komanso gawo limodzi la chida chilichonse cha chingwe cha chingwe cha chingwe ndi chomangira, popanda woimba aliyense. Chifukwa cha zida zonsezi, kusewera mabass awiri momwe angathere komanso osangalatsa, ndipo ena amapereka moyo wautali wa malonda.
Kodi Mungasewere Bwanji?
Musanayambe kusewera pa chida chilichonse, iyenera kupangidwa.Kuyeka
Kotero kuti ma bass awiriwo adamveka ngati pakufunika, ndi zida zina zophatikizika. Ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chifuwa chapadera - Izi ndizosavuta, koma nthawi yomweyo chipangizo champhamvu, chomwe mungamvere mawu enieni pazingwe mosiyana ndi kuipitsa molondola. Chida chaching'ono cha chromatic chili ndi timika yambiri, chokhala ndi mabatani omwe amadziwika ndi zingwe za zida. Ndi chida choterocho, mutha kukhala osavuta kukhazikitsa, osatulutsa mabass owirikiza kawiri.
Oimba ambiri amakhala ndi vuto langwiro, motero amatha kukonza popanda zida zothandizira, koma izi zili kutali ndi aliyense.
Udindo wa dzanja
Malo a zala ndi manja amatenga gawo lofunikira, kotero ngati muyamba kudziwana ndi chida chanu, Choyamba muyenera kuphunzira za izi. Chifukwa chake, chala cholozera kumanzere ngati ichi chidzakhala woyamba, motsatana, wapakati - wachiwiri ndi zina zotero. Kwa zala zitatu zokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa tikulankhula za kotala.
Malo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malinga ndi zomwe zalembedwazo zimapangidwa mwanjira inayake. . Chingwe chilichonse chimakhala ndi maudindo ake 7 a iwo, koma atha kukhala ochulukirapo. Pokakamizidwa, kutalika kwa gawo la zingwe la zingwe kumakhala laling'ono, motero kuchuluka kwake kukukwera, komwe kumakhala mawu apamwamba.
Mu chisoni cha orkestation Maudindo a 1-4 (Chala choyambirira, chachisanu ndi chachinayi), chokulirapo chala chachitatu, chopunthira chimakwiriratu mfundo zochepa. Zingwe zomwe sizikukhumudwitsidwa, zimatchedwa poyera, chifukwa chake amadziwika ndi zero pakugwiritsa ntchito.
Ndikothekanso kuphunzira masewerawa pabwalo lachiwiri, koma zimatenga nthawi yambiri komanso kuyesetsa kuchita izi.
Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito katswiri woyenerera wokhala ndi chidziwitso chochuluka, osayinikira maphunziro ndikudutsa maphunziro apamwamba omwe angakutsogolereni.
Monga momwe dzanja lamanja limakhalira. Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Dongosolo la Germany limaphatikizapo kusunga chipangizocho pambali, pomwe nsapatoyo ili yonse, chala chimayenera kuyikidwa pa nzimbe. Koma njira ya ku France ili ndi kusiyana komwe kukhazikitsidwa kwa uta kuchokera kumwamba, kukumbukiridwa ndi Cello, motero, chala chimakhala pansi pa nzimbe.
Ndikotheka kuyendetsa uta mosiyana, zonse zimatengera mtundu wazogulitsa, ndikofunikira kuganizira za mawonekedwewo, nthawi ya mawu, mphamvu ndi mawu. Nthawi zambiri, pamasewerawa, oimbawo amapweteketsa chala ndi chala, amatchedwa pizzicato, yomwe imafunikira kwa maphwando okha.
Njira Zamasewera
Banja lachiwiri la mtundu wapamwamba lili ndi thupi lalikulu, choncho Komwe kuli uta ndikovuta kuyitanitsa. Kuchokera pa izi zikutsatira kuti masewerawa amafunikira kuti ayesetse. Oimba ena amasangalala ndi mpando wapadera, wina amakhala pampando ndipo amaika chida chamtsogolo, wina amakonda kusewera ataimirira - woimba aliyense ali ndi zowunikira zake.
Pa nyimbo ya tango, ndikofunikira kusinthana buku la masewerawa komanso kulandira pizzicato, Koma za jazi, zopangidwa ndi zingwe zazitali za ukadaulo wapadera.
Ponena za mikwingwirima yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamasewera owirikiza kawiri Bass, alipo ambiri a iwo, amalowa bwino kwambiri, stakkato, masitima, zowoneka bwino komanso mitundu yonse yaimba aliyense amadziwa.
Zosangalatsa
Ndipo zambiri zosangalatsa komanso zomveka zokhudzana ndi chingwe choimbira choimbira ichi komanso momwe amadabwa ambiri. Ambiri mwa okwatirana amatha kusewera momasuka mtundu wamagetsi, womwe umakhala ndi zingwe zinayi. Chida choimbira ichi chatchuka kwambiri pakati pa magulu pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi.
Wonyalika B. Jones adawonetsa zokongola pakulankhula kwake mu 1911, pamene uta wasweka. Sizinachititse manyazi woimbayo, ndipo anapitilizabe kuyesedwa ndi zala zake ndi zala zake, ndiye kuti nthawi imeneyi panali kuti mawonekedwe apadera a pizzicato adatsegulidwa koyamba.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1600, woimba waku Poland adachitidwa mumzinda wina wa ku Germany, yemwe anali ndi zaka ziwiri, ndipo adatchedwa octoba. Goliyati ndi amodzi mwa zida zakale kwambiri zomwe zasungidwa nthawi yathu ino yomwe yasungidwa nthawi yathu, ndipo masiku ano zitha kupezeka kwa iye ku London Museum. Kutalika kwake kuli kupitirira 2.5 metres, ndipo m'lifupi ndi kopitilira mita. Ndi mawonekedwe ake, amafanana ndi viola da gab Gaga, koma boca ndi yowonjezera.
Pa octobas ena, ndizosatheka kusewera nokha, awiri amafunikira, kotero kuti munthu m'modzi amakanikiza zingwe za zingwe, ndipo winayo adagwiritsa ntchito uta.
Pamodzi mwa ziwonetserozi ku Paris, zingwe zitatu zokoka zidawonetsedwa, zomwe mu 1855 zidapanga munthu wachi French. Chiwonetserochi chitha kuwoneka munyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Iyi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha mita 4 yayitali, chitsogozo chimadutsa mothandizidwa ndi dongosolo la osungulumwa. Zachidziwikire, sikofunikira kuyankhula za chothandiza cha chida, motero ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha gawo loyambirira. Koma uyu siwongopita kokha mphaka wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, makamaka Zojambulajambula zimafika 5.55 m kutalika ndi 2.13 m mulifupi.
Ndizomveka kuti chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mabasi wamba, mutha kuphunzira masewerawa kwa akuluakulu, koma lero pali zida zomwe ndizoyenera kwa oimba zaka 7. Mu nthawi za malamulo owuma m'maiko opanga mabass owirikiza, aluminiyamu adagwiritsidwa ntchito, zida zoterezi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ankhondo ankhondo.
Zochitika zazikulu kwambiri, kutenga nawo mbali zomwe zidachitika pafupifupi 90 kawiri, idakhala konsati yomwe idapangidwa ku Seoul zaka 9 zapitazo. Oimbawo adachita izi komwe maphwando adalembedwa kuti atuluke pa conse ndi a Violinists, koma adaseweredwa pamabasi awiri.
Kwa magulu omwe nthawi zambiri amayendetsa, opanga amapereka zosintha mu kukula kwamphamvu wokhala ndi vuto lochotsa. Nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zabwino zomveka sizisintha mwanjira iliyonse, ndipo ndizosavuta kunyamula.
Mtengo wa bass wokwera mtengo kwambiri umafika pafupifupi madola pafupifupi 25,000, chifukwa umapangidwa nkhuni.
Tsopano mukudziwa zambiri za mabasi owirikiza kawiri, machitidwe awo, mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi mitundu. Ichi ndi chida chodabwitsa chodabwitsa ndi mawu apadera, omwe amasangalala ndi mzimu. Pamodzi ndi mamembala ena a symphony orchestra, osewera amatha kupereka kwa dziko lapansi nyimbo zodabwitsa.
