Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu

Supuni yakhala ikupezeka tsiku lililonse. Kudziwa voliyumu yake ku Olililiters ndi Kuchepetsa Mayeso, mutha kukonzekera njira iliyonse yovomerezeka. Chifukwa chake, supuni ya kukula winawake imakhala gawo lalikulu kwa ife kuyeza zigawo zomwe tikufuna. Ndibwino kuti ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu imodzi, kodi supuni ndi chotani? Mayankho a mafunso amenewa ndi ena - m'nkhani yathu.

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_3

Pezulia

Cholumikizana choyambirira, pomwe supuni imatchulidwa, ikunena za zakachikwi zachitatu mpaka nthawi yathu. Ku Russia, supuni monga mutu wa chakudya adayimiriridwa ndi Prince Vladimir mu 998. Pambuyo paubatizo wa anthu onse okhala ku Russia kuti akweze mwambowu, kalonga adalamula kuti adye zida zapadera.

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ziwiya za kukhitchini zasintha kwambiri. Panali mitundu yonse ya mitundu yambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kudziwa komwe iyenera kugona patebulopo.

Mitundu ikuluikulu ya ma spoons ndi chipinda chodyera, mchere ndi tiyi.

Chipinda chodyera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulandira mbale yoyamba.
Zakudya zotsekemera zimayikidwa ngati pudding, Tiramisu, halva, tchizi, zipatso zofewa komanso zakudya zina zofewa zimaperekedwa. Sichipinda chochepa.
Supuni imatchedwa chifukwa inali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha tiyi yolerera shuga kapena kupanikizana, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi tiyi.

Wodziwika woyamba wa supuni amatanthauza m'zaka za XVIII. Supuni ndi supuni yaying'ono yokhala ndi mbale yozungulira kapena yozungulira komanso yathyathyathya kapena yokhotakhota ndi kutalika kwa 15 cm. Imawoneka ngati chipinda chodyera kapena mchere, koma pang'ono pang'ono. Gwiritsani ntchito kuvomerezedwa ku chakudya ndi zakumwa zamchere - tiyi, kocola, chokoleti chotentha.

Kukula

Supuni ndi chinthu chaponseponse. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mpingo mu mgonero, anthu amasewera pa iwo, monga chida chododometsa. Zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kutenga kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa supuni. Kujambulitsa Chinsinsi, Confenes amadziwika, momwe mawuwo amafunikira zosakaniza zofunikira kukonza mbale, komanso muyeso wambiri.

Panali kufunika kokonza supuni ya serua. Kupatula apo, chidebe sichingakhale chimodzi kukula kwa mbale yoyamba ndi mchere.

Kutchuka kwa gulu la tiyi kunayambitsa kubadwa kwa supuni ku chakudya cha tiyi. Nthawi zambiri pamaphikidwe ophatikizira akuwonetsa kapangidwe kazinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zazing'onozi ndi supuni. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwazinthu zomwe zimakonzedwa mu voliyumu 1 mu ml ndi mg.

Madzi ndi oyenera bwino pakuyeza voliyumu. Mu supuni, milligram 5 yamadzimadzi ndipo imadzaza supuni yachitatu ndi yachitatu, shopu ya khofi kotala.

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_6

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_7

Kusiyana kosiyana kwathunthu kumachokera ku zinthu zina. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malingaliro omwe ali pa Chinsinsi, penapake adalembedwa - ndi slide, chifukwa chake voliyumu idzakhala yowonjezera.

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_8

Timapereka tebulo la chakudya, malinga ndi kuchuluka.

Zida	Voliyumu, Ml
Madzi	5 ± 0,1.
Margarine	4 ± 0.1.
Mafuta a masamba	5,1
Sitoko	5.0
Mkaka wonse	5.0
Viniga	5.0
Soya msuzi	5.0
Phwetekere	5.0
Kachasu	7.0
Pasitala mtedza	8.0
Mayonesi	10.0
Uchi	10.0
Kirimu wowawasa	10.0
Mkaka wosweka mtima	12.0.
Zipatso zosenda	17.0
Jamu	17.0

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_9

Ndipo tsopano mikangano ya croups, tiyi ndi zigawo zina zouma. Kulemera kwa supuni ndi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kachulukidwe kazinthu, zimachitika pang'ono ndi magalamu 0,5 kapena kuposerapo.

Zida	Misa, g. Popanda pamwamba	Misa, g. Ndi akavalo
Tiyi	2 ± 0.1.	3 ± 0,5
Udzu wa mankhwala	2,1	3,3.
Chimanga chimanga	2.0	4
Mabwalo owuma	4.0	7.
Mpunga	5.0	zisanu ndi zitatu
Osokoneza bongo	5.0	7.
Yisiti yowuma	5.0	zisanu ndi zitatu
Zonona zouma	5.0	6.
Mamu acid	5.0	zisanu ndi zitatu
Gelatin	5.0	zisanu ndi zitatu
Tsabola pansi	5.0	zisanu ndi zitatu
Mafuta a Oatmeal	6.0	zisanu ndi zitatu
Sitalichi	6.0	zisanu ndi zinai
Ma lentils	7.0	zisanu ndi zinai
Khofi pansi	7.0	zisanu ndi zinai
Buckwheat	7.0	khumi
Chipatso	7.0	khumi
Suga	7.0	khumi
Chakumwa	7.0	khumi
Mchere "zowonjezera"	7.0	khumi
Wandiweyani sinamoni	8.0	12
Poppy	8.0	12
Crup (Ngale, fupa)	8.0	khumi chimodzi
Semolina	8.0	12
Ufa	9.0	12
Ufa wa cocoa	9.0	12
Dzira	10.0	12
Orekhi	10.0	13
Mkaka wa ufa	12.0.	khumi ndi mphabu zinayi

Kudziwa voliyumu (kuchuluka kwa milimita ingapo kumathandiza kuti mule kulemera kwa zinthu, zakumwa zosiyanasiyana popanga chinsinsi chilichonse.

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_10

Mitundu mitundu

Mu zaka za zana la XVIII, nyumba zambiri za khofi ndi tiyi zimatsegulidwa ndipo, zachidziwikire, mbale zatsopano zimawonekera kuti tiyi tiyi, khofi. Malamulo atsopano a ulemu amawoneka, omwe akukankha tiyi, ma supuni ako.

Supuni ikhoza kukhala ndi cholinga china. Kutengera mtundu womwe umaphatikizika, maonekedwe ake amasintha:

Supuni ya zakumwa zozizirazi zimakhala zofanana ndi tiyi, chogwirizira chokhacho ndi nthawi yayitali;

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_11

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_12

Sufuyo zipatso zimakhala ndi lakuthwa m'mphepete mwa chikho cha supuni;

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_13

Spoons pa ayisikilimu amakumbutsidwa mawonekedwe a tsamba ndi m'mbali mwa nyanja;

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_14

Zowongolera ror zikuyimira zida zosiyanasiyana zosakanikirana, kupanga kwa absinthe;

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_15

Supuni ya azitona okhala ndi chogwirizira chocheperako ndi mbale yaying'ono yokhala ndi bowo pakati - brine limayenda, maolivi amakhalabe pa supuni;

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_16

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_17

Supuni ya caviar ali ndi mawonekedwe ankhumba pang'ono a mbale komanso osamalira pang'ono kuposa tiyi.

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_18

Ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa kuti ma spoons onsewa amasiyana osati kukula, koma voliyumu.

Pa kupanga supuni, monga lamulo, gwiritsani ntchito Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, siliva, golide, kuwulutsa zitsulo zosapweteka. Spoons nkhuni sizimadulidwa kwambiri, zimagwirizana ndi mphatso.

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_19

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_20

Kuwoneka bwino komanso mwachilendo Choumbudwa supuni. Manja owoneka bwino, pomwe tiyi ndi supuni zimayang'ana mbali imodzi. Mwansanga pa tiyi wa tiyi, zofunkha za golide ndi chida chadothi. Kwa cafe ndikofunika kugula zida zabwino komanso zokongola za tiyi, alendo adzakhala osangalatsa komanso omasuka, chifukwa zonse zimatengera zinthu zazing'ono.

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_21

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_22

Adapambana kale ndipo Ma supuni otayika a pulasitiki omwe amapangidwa ndi polystyrene. Kukongola kwa zoponda izi ndikuti sanyowa, ndipo mutagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndizofunikira pamaulendo ku chilengedwe, mu kampeni, pamaulendo. Gwiritsani mbale pulasitiki mukamapita ku mzindawo, kusonkhanitsa mapaketi a zinyalala kuti athetse.

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_23

Kodi Mungasankhe Bwanji?

Ngati mungaganize zogula zida zanu zokha kapena perekani mphatso, ndiye Mukamasankha zinthuzi, samalani:

Pamawu abwino ndi zosayera - kwa zinthu zopanda madzi;
Pa zitsanzo ndi stigma - pazinthu zasiliva;
Chipangizocho sichiyenera kununkhira chemistry;
Gulani supuni ya wopanga wotchuka yemwe ali ndi zikalata zomwe zimadzitsimikizira mtundu wawo;
Zipangizo zapamwamba za tiyi siziyenera kukhala zopepuka komanso zoonda;
Mukamasankha zifuno zasiliva, tengani siliva wamkulu, wokhala ndi zida zasiliva zambiri zomwe zimatsukidwa, kapena kuti ndizokwera.

Zidava zasiliva zimapangidwa kuti zipatse mwana chizino, polemekeza dzino loyamba, tsiku lobadwa, laukwati. Makamaka ayenera kukhala ofunikira kwambiri posankha mphatso ya mwana. Ma siliva apamwamba nthawi zonse amakhala ndi satifiketi ya ukhondo.

Ganizirani zomwe zimakutidwa ndi chinthu chasiliva. Ngati imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakudya, osagwira ntchito ya chikumbutso, imatha kuphimbidwa ndi golide. Ngati zokutidwa za rhodium, varnish, enamel, zida zoterezi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha ngati mafano.

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_24

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_25

Supuni za siliva m'nthawi yathu ino zimafunikira kwambiri, zimagulidwa m'malo ogulitsa komanso kukhazikika pamtengo wovomerezeka. Zida za tiyi zili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu - mitundu yokongola, zokongoletsera zowonjezera, ntchito yachilendo ya Ambuye.

Patsani mphatso zapamwamba kwambiri nthawi zonse, zopangidwa ndi siliva . Mphatso zoterezi zimangokhala nthawi yayitali kukumbukira ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba. Monga lamulo, supuni za siliva zimaperekedwa ndi zojambulazo za chogwirizira, komwe mungafotokozere tsiku lobadwa la mwana, tsiku laukwati kapena ulemu wina, wolemekeza zomwe a Mphatso imapangidwa.

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_26

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_27

Kusungira ndi kusamalira

Pambuyo pa nthawi ya nthawi, siliva wadzaza ndipo amakhala wokongola, koma kuti izi sizichitika, Iyenera kusungidwa bwino ndikuwasamalira.

Zogulitsa zasiliva zimasungidwa mosiyana ndi mbale zina, zabwinoko - mu milandu ya velvet.
Muli ndi siliva ndikulimbikitsidwa m'chipinda chocheperako, pewani kulumikizana ndi mpweya, zinthu za mphira, zimatanthawuza tinthu tating'onoting'ono, zimatha kuthandiza siliva.
Zabwino kwambiri kusungirako zigwirizana ndi zikopa, zojambulazo. Adzateteza siliva kukhala oxidation.
Chimodzi mwa malamulo akuluakulu oyang'anira ma supuni sichikuyenda mosamala ndi thaulo lofewa, kuti musawasiye kunyowa. Simuyenera kuwasasa mbale, madontho ndi flare ikhoza kuwoneka, yomwe ingakhale yovuta kuchotsa.
Kuti mukhale ndi chidwi cha siliva ndikusangalala ndi maonekedwe ake, nthawi zina zimayenera kukhala ndikutsuka ndi ammonia, vinic acid, viniga. Gawo lirilonse liyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi mu 1: 10 mwachidule, ikani yankho la siliva kwa ola limodzi, ndiye kuti muwapukuta bwino ndi nsalu yofewa.
Sakanizani zinthu zasiliva kuchokera ku ziphuphu zomwe zingathandize sodi wamba soda - magalamu 30 a soda kusungunuka mu 100 ml ya madzi, ku yankho lomwe limayambitsa siliva kwa maola 2-3. Pakugwira ntchito kwakukulu, mutha kuvala moto ndikuwotcha pang'ono.
Cholinga cha mbatata chimathandizira kubwezeretsanso kuwala. Ikani malonda kuchokera ku siliva kwa mphindi 15 mu decoction, ndipo imakhala ngati yatsopano.
Zabwino kwambiri zimatha kutsukidwa ndi supuni zasiliva pogwiritsa ntchito mano. Timagwiritsa ntchito phala pa nsaluyo ndikupukusa supuni.
Mutha kugula zinthu kusamalira zinthu za siliva m'masitolo abizinesi.

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_28

Supuni (Zithunzi 29): Voliyumu mu ml, zinthu zotayika ndi zopota ndi chogwirizira chatali. Kukula ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 25002_29

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