Chaka Chatsopano chakale ndi chosangalatsa, tsiku lowonjezerapo lomwe layamba kusintha dongosolo la chilimwe. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu mukalendala zogwiritsidwa ntchito, anthu aku Russia amakumana ndi chaka chatsopano kawiri - malingana ndi kalembedwe katsopano, kenako, malinga ndi wakale. Tikawunika kwathu tidzakuuzani zambiri za zikhulupiriro zatsikuli, mbiri ya chiyambi chake komanso miyambo yakale yokondwerera tsikulo.
Chaka Chatsopano ndi chiyani?
Pakati pausiku kuyambira mu Januware 13, Januware 14, kukhumudwitsa kwa chaka chatsopano kumayambika kalendara kapena, yoperekedwa ndendende, mu kalembedwe ka Julian. M'mbuyomu, nthawiyo idatsimikiziridwa ndendende dongosolo la nthawi yamalimwe - idachokera pazomwe akatswiri otengedwa ndi akatswiri azakuthambo ya Alexandria wakale. Dongosolo lidayambitsidwa munthawi yayikulu mu 45 BC. NS. Gay Yulia Kaisar. Kutalika kwa Juliana chaka pafupifupi 365.25, omwe kwa mphindi 11 atapitirira nthawi yayitali ya chaka cha zakuthambo.
Pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta, dongosolo la chilimwe lidaperekedwa - kalendala yayikulu omwe nthawi yomweyo anayandikira chaka chotentha chifukwa cha mapangidwe a dongosolo lodumphadumpha.
Kutalika kwa chaka, inde, malinga ndi dongosolo la Gregorian ku Gregorian dongosolo la chilimwe ndi masiku 365,2425.
M'mayiko osiyanasiyana, kusintha kwa kalendala ya Gregorian kunafalikira kwazaka zambiri. Chifukwa chake, m'dera la Western Europe, adasamutsidwira ku 1582, ndipo ku Russia njira yamakono yovomerezeka ndi mu 1918 yokha
Ndikalendala iyi masiku ano imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku ndipo pamenepo timakumana ndi tchuthi cha chaka chatsopano patsiku pa Januware 1. Zinali zofunikira kwambiri kuti agogo athu, omwe amachitika kalendara yapitayo, anapitiliza kukondwerera chaka chatsopano pa kalembedwe kakale. Popita nthawi, idasinthiratu, ndipo chaka chatsopano chayamba, chikondwerero cha usiku wa Januware 13 mpaka 14, tsopano wakhala tsiku lina lokondwerera.
Mbiri Yoyambira
Zowoneka bwino kwambiri komanso zotsutsana ndipo sizingaoneke, zomwe sizikhala ndi tanthauzo lenileni la mawu oti "Chaka Chatsopano, sanadziwe kuti pafupifupi palibe amene amakumbukira kuti linali tsiku ndi komwe adachokera. Miyambo yokondwerera tsiku lino kuchokera kwa okhulupirira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti Tchalitchi cha Orthodox mu 1918 anakana kugonjera boma la Soviet ndipo linapitilizabe kudalira kuwerengera kwake Sauchius wa Julian Sachius. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mu dziko lathu, Khrisimasi ya Orthodox siili pa Disembala 25, koma pa Januware 7. Ndipo chaka chatsopano, malinga ndi miyambo, amabwera pambuyo pa Khrisimasi - ndiye kuti, usiku wa Januware 13 mpaka 14. Roc amabweretsa zotsutsana zingapo kuti a Julius akhandale.
Choyamba, lingaliro lofunikira kwambiri la nthawi ndi logwirizana, ndipo kupezeka kwa chinthu choterechi monga chitetezero cha dziko lapansi, chimayesanso kuphatikiza tsiku lililonse lakale ndi tsiku la masika kapena yophukira.
Chifukwa cha chitetezero, mfundoyi imasunthira mkomwe kulowera chakumadzulo, ndiye kuti, zimabwera kuwonekera poyenda ndi dzuwa.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake tsiku la kasupe lina chaka chilichonse, ndipo ndicholinga cha zakuthambo, zimawerengera watsopano. Komabe, mwachilungamo kuyenera kudziwika kuti kalendala ya Julius sinanene kuti ikugwirizana molondola madeti ake a kalendala ndi chaka chotentha - Opanga adagwira zolinga zauzimu m'malo molinga zomwe adafuna kuthetsa ntchito za chilengedwe.
Kachiwiri, Orthodox akuti kalendala ya Grigorian imadziwika ndi kusiyana kwakukulu. Ndizosavuta kuwerengera tchuthi chachipembedzo, monga kutalika kwa makiriti kumalike apa - kumachokera ku 90 mpaka 92 masiku. Mu kalendala yachilengedwe, theka loyambirira la chaka nthawi zonse limafupikira kuposa sekondi, ndipo masiku a sabata nthawi zambiri samagwirizana ndi masiku osakhazikika.
Pomaliza, Chopunthwitsa chachikulu chimalumikizidwa ndi tsiku la chikondwerero cha Isitala. Komabe mu 325, makolo oyera a tchalitchi 1 cha zipembedzo chimodzi pamaziko a zochitika zomwe zafotokozedwa m'mabuku a zochitika zokhudzana ndi imfa ndi kuuka kwa Yesu Khristu sizitengera Chipangano Chakale ndipo nthawi zonse muziwona pambuyo pake. Komabe, malinga ndi kalendala ya Gregorian, Isitala Yachikristu imachitika nthawi imodzi ndi Chipangano Chakale kapena ngakhale koyambirira koyambirira. Ndi chikhalidwe cha moto wachonde m'Kachisi wa manda oyeretsa ku Yerusalemu nthawi zambiri zimachitika patsiku la Orthodox, osati ndi Mkatolika, kukhazikitsidwa ndi nduna ya Gregoriorian.
Pa nthawi yokhazikitsidwa ndi kalendala ya Gregorian, loya pakati pa machitidwe anali masiku 10. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zaka zodumphadumpha m'zaka za zana lirilonse, zinasintha - masiku ano kusiyana pakati pakalendala iwiri kuli kale, ndipo mtsogolo zitha kungokula. Ena amakhulupirira kuti chaka chakale chayamba kupezeka ku Russia Federation, Ukraine ndi Belarus. Mwakuchita, sizili choncho - tsikuli lakwaniritsidwa ndi ntchito yayikulu ku Montenegro, Serbia ndi Makedonia, akuyembekezeranso kuti ku Armenia ndi Georgia.
Musaiwale kukondwerera Chaka Chatsopano mogwirizana ndi nzika za Yulia ndi Asia mayiko ndi Asia - Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan ndi Uzkbekistan.
Miyambo mdziko lapansi komanso ku Russia
Tsiku la Januwale 14, okhulupilira akhristu m'dziko lathuli amalimbika ndi tchuthi chachikulu chachipembedzo - Orthodox amalemekeza kukumbukira kwa St. Tsikuli m'mbuyomu adatchedwa Tsiku la Vasalyev, adasewera gawo lalikulu pazochitika zomwe zidachitika kale. Chaka choyambirira kwa nthawi yayitali chidapangidwa kuti chikondwere ndi chopanda kanthu - kumbuyo kwa tebulo lapafupi, ku zovala zatsopano komanso ndi malingaliro abwino kwambiri. Sizowona kuti mawu adawonekera: "Momwe Mungakumane ndi Chaka Chatsopano - mudzawononga." Tsiku lino lidzakhala tchuthi choona nthawi zonse, ku Vaslevsky madzulo, anthu adapempha kuti akhululukire abale awo ndi abale awo kuti adutse, kenako ndikupereka zofuna zawo zapamwamba kwambiri.
M'midzi ndi m'midzi patsiku lino, ozungulira adapita limodzi ndi miyambo, oyimba adapangidwa ndi maswiti, ndipo ana adadyetsedwa dumplings . Zinali m'chaka cha chaka chatsopano cha Orthodox anthu amatha kupumula, monga momwe adagwirizanirana ndi kumaliza kwa Khrisimasi. Pa Januware 13 mpaka 14, usiku umagwirizana ndi sagnes, ndiye chifukwa chake mtsikana wosakwatira amadikirira wokondedwa ndi ukwati. Achinyamata patsikuli adalumphira pamoto - malinga ndi zikhulupiriro za anthu, mutha kuwotcha mphamvu zonse zoyipa ndikuziyeretsa munthu chifukwa cha zoyipa zonse ndi malingaliro oyipa.
Ponena za lero pali zingapo zoletsa.
- Sizoyenera kukondwerera chaka chakale mu zovala zolimba kapena zonyansa - mwina chaka chonse chidzayenda modabwitsa.
- Palibenso chifukwa chosungira ndi kukangana - mwinanso mphamvu zonse zoyipa kuchokera m'mawu osiyidwa zidzabweranso kwa munthu amene ananena.
- Ngati mungapereke kwa Chaka Chatsopano kuti muganizire za ndalama - ndiye kuti kupambana kwa ndalama kumatha kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Sizingatheke kuti mayiyo adutse pakhomo la nyumbayo m'mawa woyamba wa Januware 14 - Malinga ndi nthano zomwe zimakopa mavuto. Ndipo ngati mwamunayo adzakhala woyamba wokhalamo, izi ndi izi, zimakopa kuchita bwino ndi chisangalalo m'banjamo.
Pali zochepa zomwe zimagwirizana ndi chikondwerero cha chaka chatsopano.
- Ngati m'mawa pa Januwale 14, bambo wina wochokera ku banja lalikulu adzapita kukakuchezerani, ndiye kuti moyo wanu udzakhala wolemera.
- Ngati usiku pa Vasiliev Star Star - Yembekezerani kukolola kochuluka kwa zipatso ndi zipatso zake, ndipo ngati chipale chofewa chidzayamba madzulo - iyi ndi mbewu yabwino.
- Ngati mukukumana ndi Chaka Chatsopano cha Chaka Chatsopano pa miyendo yayikulu - chaka chonse chidzadutsamo.
- Imvani kulira kwachilendo m'mawa mu Chaka Chatsopano chakale - kudzudzula m'banjamo.
Pafupifupi chaka chomwe chikondwerero cha Chaka Chatsopano chinaonekera, onani kanema wotsatira.