Gwiritsani ntchito siliva adayamba kale. Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chokongola cha siliva ndipo lero sikuwonongeka. Zodzikongoletsera ndi zodzikongoletsera zimapangidwa ndi siliva wowonongeka osachepera 800. Komabe, m'masinga a Antiner mutha kupeza zinthu ndi kusokonekera 84, ndipo ndi okwera mtengo.
Ndi chiyani?
Zitsanzo 84 sizitanthauza kuti ndife Siliva wotsika kwambiri . Chiwerengerochi chikugwirizana ndi spol step dongosolo, lomwe linayambitsidwa ku Tsarist Russia mu 1798. Zochita zake zidapitilira mpaka 1927, pomwe zidasinthidwa ndi metric. Maziko akumanga dongosolo adatengedwa ndi mapaundi a ku Russia omwe ali ndi ndodo 96. Spool m'masiku amenewo adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la muyeso waukulu, lidalemera kuposa 4 g.
Monga dongosolo lililonse la zitsanzo, cholembera chimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chamtengo mu Alloy.
Chifukwa chake, sitampu ya mfiti yomwe ili ndi nambala 84 idawonetsa kuti kuchokera kumadera 96 a akaunti ya siliva ya zigawo 84.
Chizindikiro chotsika kwambiri chinali 36 spools, okwera kwambiri - 96 Zomwe zimafanana ndi siliva woyenga.
Timaphunzira zomwe siliva ndi zitsanzo 84. Nambalayi siyovuta kumasulira munthawi yodziwika bwino komanso yosavuta kwa ife. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kugawa supuni ya spoll mpaka 96 ndikuchulukitsa ndi 1000. Mwa kupanga zinthu zosavuta, timapeza zotsatira za 875.
Lero Siliva ya 875 siyikuwoneka ngati yokwera mtengo kwambiri Ndipo kuchokera kwa Iwo sakupanga zodzikongoletsera zapamwamba.
Koma ndi zinthu zabwino kwambiri pakupanga mafakitale.
Zabwino ndi zovuta
Monga momwe zimadziwira, siliva ndi chitsulo chofewa komanso chosinthika, kotero kuti zinthu zopanda pake sizigwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu. Mphamvu za zinthuzo zimadalira kuchuluka ndi kuphatikizika kwa zodetsa. Mu zitsanzo zasiliva 84 m'mbuyomu panali zofunika kwambiri zamkuwa Izi zadzetsa zabwino zonse za zinthu komanso zoipa.
Kuphatikiza kwambiri.
- Choyamba, mkuwa amapereka mphamvu kwa alelesi asiliva. Zogulitsa ndizolimba, zomwe zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu pazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse.
- Alloy amalimbana kwambiri, satenga nawo mbali, zomwe zimapereka moyo wautali. Samataya maonekedwe okongola kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Zinthu sizigwirizana ndi zovuta zamakina, zikanda sizipangidwa pa iwo.
- Zogulitsazo ndizotheka kutsuka ndikutsuka, sizimawopa thukuta.
Komabe, zovuta zina zilipo:
- The alloy sioyenera kuti azikhala okongola okongola;
- Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zili ndi siliva zimakhala ndi mthunzi wachikasu;
- Ntchitoyi sinali yolondola nthawi zonse chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi kuuma kwachitsulo.
Kapangidwe ndi katundu
Siliva - nthumwi ya gulu la zitsulo zamtengo wapatali. Kupanda kutero amatchedwa olemekezeka, chifukwa sakukoka ndipo sakukongoletsa.
Mwa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali, siliva ndizofala kwambiri.
Mawonekedwe ake osiyanitsa - mtundu wokongola wa siliva.
Komabe, siliva m'gululi ndiye chitsulo chosakhazikika. Ndipo gawo lake linalake ndikuda kwambiri. Izi zimachitika mukamakambirana ndi zinthu zina zamankhwala. Nitrogen, okosijeni, kaboni pasiliva sagwira ntchito. Chikopa chachikasu ndi chida chakuda chimayambitsa mankhwala a sulufur. Kukhazikika kwawo kochepa kumakhala mlengalenga, chifukwa izi ndizopanga ka kapangidwe ka zinthu zachilengedwe ndi anthu, komanso sulufure imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani. Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe asiliva kumatha kuyambitsa iodini ndi bromine.
Chifukwa cha pulasitiki yayikulu, siliva woyenerera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zokongoletsera zokongoletsera ndikuteteza zinthu ku zitsulo zina ndi zowongolera zasiliva. Kupatsa zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zokhala ndi zinthu zina, zofunda zimayambitsidwa mwa iwo - zinthu zina. Amathandizira kuwonjezera kuuma ndi kuvala kukana kwa chitsulo cham'mwamba, ndipo amathanso kusintha mtundu wake.
Mwala waukulu wa siliva - mkuwa.
Mu Sayansi 84, gawo lake ndi 12,5%. Vutoli limapangitsa kuwonongeka kwasiliva ndi kuvala, koma chitsulo chikukwanira bwino. Ndipo chifukwa cha mkuwa ali ndi mthunzi winawake.
Nthawi zina, ambuye amatha kuwonjezera zodetsa zina. Mwachitsanzo, platinamu Zimathandizira kuwonjezera kulimba kwa zinthu, koma nthawi yomweyo zimawapangitsa kuti azikwera kwambiri. Ndi zinki, Cadmium, nickel ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa.
Karata yanchito
Ku Russia, chidwi cha siliva chidachokera mothandizidwa ndi Peter I. Wopanga wa ntchito yoyamba ija idachitika mu 1711 mogwirizana ndi dongosolo Lake. Kenako ambuye adayamba kuwonekera, matekinoloje amapanga matekinoloje adasinthidwa. Potengera kukakamizidwa ndi Peter ine mdziko muno panali kusintha, miyambo ya ku Europe inali gawo laulemu. Zinakhala mafashoni komanso otchuka kukhala ndi zinthu zasiliva zabwino m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku.
Basi siliva wakhala ponseponse kuti atumikire m'nyumba zolemera . Kuphatikizika kwa zigawozi kunali kwakukulu: spoons, mafoloko ndi mipeni, mbale, zoponyera, zikho zokhala ndi zikho zina. Zofunika zimapangidwira 6, 12 kapena kuposerapo anthu ambiri. Siliva adazidziwa bwino, adabadwa.
Kupatula nkhomaliro mafinya, Idapezeka kuti tiyi ndi samovar, khofi, vinyo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusonkhanitsa zinthu zasiliva kunatsimikiza momwe banja limakhalira. Anagula zidebe zozizira chozizira, chiwindi, ndulu, ndudu zasiliva, zida zasiliva, zida zolembedwa za desktop. Zovala, zowonjezera ndi zinthu zokongoletsera zomwe zimapangidwa mu malo osungirako zinthu za Faberge zidayamikiridwa kwambiri..
Mtengo Wakale
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wa siliva, zina mwazomwe zimakhala zachuma zomwe zimachitika masiku ano. Mtengo ukhoza kukula ndikuchepa munthawi yochepa. Mwachitsanzo, Chaka chatha, mtengo wa siliva 875 amasinthasintha mu mitundu 26 ya ma ruble pa 1 g . Ndipo mu pawnshop kapena kugula kudzakhala kocheperako. Zinthu zomalizidwa zidzawononga ndalama zambiri, monga mtengo wa ntchito udzakumbukiridwa.
Ngakhale chitsanzo 84 chikufanana ndi chizindikiro chamakono 875, ndikuyankhula za kuchuluka kwa galamu la siliva ndi, sizoyenera kuti zikhala zoyenera, chifukwa malonda ndi chikhalidwe komanso mbiri yakale. Nthawi zambiri amayesedwa ngati luso laukadaulo, kuwonetsa ngati mawonetseredwe okhala mubwalo. Nthawi zambiri zinthu zoterezi zili m'malo ogwirira ntchito. Msika Wakale Wakale umapereka kuyesa kwa siliva waku Russia.
Popeza Alyoy ali ndi bata kwambiri, zinthu zambiri zimasungidwa bwino mpaka pano.
Zinthu zomwe zimati ntchito ya ku Stigma "84" imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano, ali ndi mtengo wokwera, chifukwa ndi zinthu zakale.
Mwachitsanzo, Mtengo wa mbale za siliva umatha kufikira ma ruble 50,000. . Kuphatikiza pa chitsanzo, pali mfiti yamatsenga pazinthu, zomwe zingakulitsenso mtengo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mpaka 1899, kunalibe sitampu yunifomu, zomanga zilizonse kapena bwana zomwe zinali zake. Sitampuyo itha kukhala ndi chidziwitsocho pa dzina la mbuye, malo ndi tsiku lopanga malonda.
Kusamalira zinthu
Zinthu zamtengo wapatali zimafuna njira yabwino yosungira ndikusamalira kuwoneka bwino. Nthawi ndi nthawi amayenera kutsukidwa kuchokera kuja . Pangani bwino kwambiri mu Greatry Phoreshop komwe kuyeretsa kudzakhala kothandiza. Izi ndizomwe zimachitika makamaka za zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zokongoletsera za enamel kapena kuyika kuchokera pamiyala.
Zinthu zopanda pake zitha kutsukidwa palokha kunyumba . Ndioyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zapadera zomwe zimapangidwa ndi siliva, zomwe m'malo osiyanasiyana opangidwa ndi amapanga zamakono. Ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo omwe ali pakatikati.
Katunduyu amatha kutsukidwa m'madzi otentha pogwiritsa ntchito sopo. Ngati pali zotsikirazo pazogulitsa, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito burashi (mutha kungopepuka) ndi zipatso zosakhazikika. Ndi njira iyi, ndikofunikira kupukuta mosamalitsa malonda pogwiritsa ntchito chopukutira kapena thaulo kuti mupewe mawonekedwe a spsices. Mutatsuka pansi, ndikofunikira kupondereza.
Popukutira, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta apadera kapena zakumwa, zomwe zimagulitsidwanso m'masitolo. Mapangidwe apadera apadera adzateteza siliva pazovuta zomwe zimakhala mlengalenga zimawalitsa.
Mukamaliza njirayi, chinthucho chimasambitsidwanso ndi madzi a sopo kuti muchotse zotsala za wothandizila, ndikupukuta.
Sungani zinthu zakale zasiliva ziyenera kukhala za m'nyumba momwe mulibe chinyezi chochuluka, ndipo ndikofunikiranso kuwonetsetsa kuti kulibe kuwala kwa dzuwa pa iwo.
Pafupi ndi zinthu za siliva sayenera kukhala zinthu kuchokera ku zitsulo zina.
Ndi zochulukirapo za chizindikiro cha siliva, mutha kudziwa kanema wina.