Mtengowo ndi zinthu zokongola komanso zothandizira pantchito, zakale kwambiri sizigwiritsidwa ntchito osati zofunikira zokha, komanso monga chinthu chokongoletsera. Aliyense amadziwa nkhuni zosemphana ndi nkhuni, zida zojambulajambula za peren pa bolodi, mitengo yamatabwa.
Malo apadera omwe ali mujambula omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amakhala ngati zokongoletsera mozungulira mtengo. Ngakhale kuti malangizo awa adadziwika ndi zaka zambiri, kuwotcha kuli kotheratu m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi kubwera kwa chida chapadera - Pyrograph yoyendetsera magetsi. Tithokoze lero, aliyense akhoza kuwotcha.
Kaonekedwe
Pyrography yomasuliridwa kuchokera ku Greece imatanthawuza "kalata yamoto", ndiye kuti, yojambula moto. Ngakhale kuti luso la luso loyaka, mawuwa adawonekera ku England posachedwapa, m'zaka za XIX. Ndi makumi awiri a chochokera, dzina la chipangizo chamakono choyaka ndi Pyrogherther.
Mpaka pano, mtundu wa upangiri wotere unalibe dzina la nzeru, ngakhale nkhani yake nkhani ya nthano zingapo masankhunizi ndi zimafotokoza mayiko onse padziko lapansi.
Mbale yamatabwa ya chikhalidwe cha Naska idapezeka ku Peru, kukongoletsedwa ndi ziwerengero zotsekeka pamwamba. Nthawi ya chotengeracho chimanena za zaka 700 BC. NS. Ngakhale iyi ndi yoimira zokongoletsera zokongoletsera komanso zojambula zojambulidwa ndi minofu yachitsulo yotentha.
Asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti anthu amawotcha mtengowo nthawi yomweyo, atangophunzira kusungunula chitsulo. Singano ndi ndodo zolozera zimadulidwa pa makala, kenako ndi thandizo lawo lomwe amagwiritsa ntchito chojambula pamtengo.
Ku England, ngakhale pamaso pa chitukuko cha chitukuko cha Era corctoria ndi zida zotentha, amisiri omwe amatchedwa "poker poked". Kugawa kwakukulu, zaluso zapezeka ku Europe wakale, zokongoletsera zamoto zinali zokongoletsedwa ndi zinthu zapakhomo.
Ojambula omwe amakhala kudera lina kale ankakonda kuwotcha mtengowo - Redbrandt, a Durer, Picasso Wolemba Victor Hugo nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ntchitoyi.
M'dziko lathuli, nkhalango zolemera, matabwa akhala nthawi zonse nkhani zazikulu zomanga ndi makonzedwe amoyo. Ngakhale mu zaka za IX - x, amisiri sinangopanga ziwiya zosavomerezeka, komanso zimakongoletsa. Poyaka moto, moto wotseguka unagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba, kenako anaphunzira kuyatentha, chimodzimodzi ndi misomali yokhala ndi mafupa a nsonga.
Pa Russia zokongoletsera zaku Russia zokongoletsera, spoons, mabokosi, zidebe. Masters aakazi asedy amavala zolengedwa zawo ndi "zoyatsira" zoyaka ", ma atseke zikhalidwe zimapezeka mokongola.
Kukula kwa Ukadaulo
Anthu masauzande ambiri amayaka "msomali" yotentha. amisiri British mpaka m'ma XIX ndinazolowera pansi awo "otentha kochergi" masitovu ndi mabowo kapena boilers ndi makala amoto. The nozzle linaikidwa pa Kochka kwa moto, ndi chogwirira yopangidwa bwino CHIKWANGWANI mchere kuti kuwotcha. Nthawi zina mbuye wolembedwa munthu amene ntchito anatuluka kusintha kochergi mu ng'anjo ndi kuwatulutsa chithunzicho posachedwapa.
M'zaka za m'ma XIX, chipangizo moto anali bwino. The singano chipangizo anali usavutike ku mpope opaleshoni petulo. Nthawi imeneyi, ngakhale madona anali umo_mosangalala mumasangalala nawo, iwo ndinazolowera kutulutsa mpope ndi dzanja limodzi, ndi wachiwiri anali ntchito pamwamba matabwa.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX, zipangizo moto anakhala wangwiro onse. Mmodzi wa iwo anali ndi kapangidwe ndi chubu limene osakaniza mpweya anapatsidwa. chipangizo ankagwiritsa ntchito yowotcha pamwamba. Pafupifupi zomwezo ntchito mowa woyatsa. Nthawi imeneyi, choyamba ng'anjo magetsi anayamba ntchito moto.
Kale mu theka lachiwiri la atumwi wotsiriza, ndi pyrographer magetsi kupangidwa, mfundo ya kanthu zomwe zinkafanana ndi ntchito ya soldering chitsulo. Koma kapangidwe anali mwamphamvu ukagwira ndipo analenga kwambiri cha mavuto. The yojambula alipo njira luso woyaka (1962) anali atayamba wachinyamata 15 wazaka Roy Childe, kapena kani, bwino wamakono wa chipangizo zamagetsi alipo.
A chipangizo latsopano kusiyana ndi chitetezo ndi ..silinaona ku kutenthedwa.
kamangidwe anatengedwa mu chitukuko cha ntchito misa. Kuchokera pamenepa, ndi zilandiridwenso wa kuyatsa mtengo moona atalowa anthu, iwo ngakhale kuphunzira ndi ana asukulu, makamaka chifukwa Pipographer zinali zopindulitsa zosalira ndalama zambiri. Pa zaka 10, chipangizo wakhala zonse bwino ndi kale anafanana kamangidwe kuti tigwiritse ntchito lero.
Kutentha masiku ano
Pyrography luso amatanthauza "kujambula moto". Amagwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo: ndi laser, asidi, zipangizo zamagetsi, gasi woyatsa kusonkhanitsa magalasi. Aliyense njira amapanga mbali yanu mu njira zojambula.
Pyograd
chipangizo chamagetsi chifukwa chotentha pa nkhuni, plywood, chikopa ndi pamalo ena. Zimachitika mitundu iwiri.
Thiransifoma. Izi ndi zida zamphamvu ndi kusintha yosalala ulamuliro wa kutentha, muli nozzle nichrome.
Soldering. chipangizo wapatsidwa nozzles mkuwa, nthaŵi zambiri popanda kusintha kutentha.
Gasi burner
Iwo kuvala mafuta akhoza, yoyaka amapezeka ndi moto lotseguka. chipangizo ntchito kulenga wamba zojambula kamvekedwe. Mfitiyo cha moto si yekha ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza gulu wakuda, koma kutsegula mithunzi osiyanasiyana padziko kutenthedwa.
kusonkhanitsa magalasi
Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kungogwira ntchito tsiku ladzuwa. Ma lens adakhazikika kuti itha kuyang'ana zowala za dzuwa pamtanda. Kuti apange chojambula, mandala amasunthidwa m'mbali mwa lamba.
Sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito galasi lakukulitsa kwambiri, akhoza kubweretsa.
Njira ya asidi
Njira yoyaka imachitika chifukwa cha kuwonekera kwa hydrochloric acid. Kuti muchite izi, malo ogwirira ntchito amaphimbidwa ndi Beeffin kapena parafini, ndikupanga baji yoteteza nkhuni. Kenako fanolo limakokedwa, kuti mizereyo imalima ku nkhuni. Pamavuto awa amathira asidi.
Pyrootype
Pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizocho, ndondomeko imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati sitampu yomalizidwa motsogozedwa ndi kutentha kwakukulu.
