Okhala m'mizinda yayikulu amatha kuthokoza kwambiri momwe moyo wawo umadalira woyendetsa metro. Tsiku ndi tsiku mumakhulupirira kuti kusadziwika ndi izi kwa tsikulo, njira yakumakumizinda, chitonthozo chaulendo ndi mapulani ambiri ofunika. M'nkhani yathu tikuuzani zambiri za Kodi ndi gawo liti la ntchito ya woyendetsa metro, zomwe zimafunikira kuti zigawire munthu wina, ndipo katswiri wa kalasiyo ndi wotani.
Pezulia
Woyendetsa sitima yamagetsi ndi Munthu amene amasamalira magetsi azikhalidwe zamagetsi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mayendedwe a okwera pansi ndi mizere yobisika ya megalopolis. Titha kunenedwa kuti ili ndi woyendetsa sitima.
Msonkhano woyamba wa Metro adawonekera mu 1863 ku England. Poyamba, sitimayo mmenemo idasamukira ku Steat, ndikuyambira kuyambira 1890 - kale magetsi. Mu Soviet Union, mzere woyamba wa Sumway unayambitsidwa mu 1935 ku Moscow.
Ndi chitukuko cha maluso amakono pamtundu wazikhalidwe zapansi komanso mobisa mobisa, makina oyendera izi amawonjezedwanso ngati metro yopepuka, monorails, s-tog ndi ena ena.
Nyimbo zimayendetsedwa ndi akatswiri omwe amaphunzitsidwa mwapadera. Ku Russia, lero pempho lapansi limagwira ntchito m'mizinda ikuluikulu - St. Petersburg, Moscow, dziko la Kazan, Novogorod, Novogorod, Novogorod, Novogorod, Novogorod, Novagork ndi Samara. Kuphatikiza apo, mu zojambula pamlingo ndi metro.
Munthu amene akufuna kukhala woyendetsa Metro, Siziyenera kukhala ndi luso laukadaulo chabe komanso luso lokhalokha, liyenerabe kukhala wokonzekera bwino kwa nthawi yayitali kuti mugwire ntchito mobisa, kotero onse olemba ndi avomereze. Monga lamulo, woyendetsa sitima yapamalomo amayamba kusuntha. Mwachitsanzo, ku Moscow kuli tsiku, madzulo, komanso kusuntha kwausiku, pomwe kusuntha kwausiku, kumachitika, kumayambiranso ntchito m'mawa.
Mwa machitidwe ake, woyendetsa wamwamuna wa Metro atha kutenga nawo mbali pothetsa ntchito ngati izi:
- Kusuntha kwa odutsa malinga ndi pepala linalake;
- Mayendedwe oyendetsa pamagawo otsiliza;
- khalani malo;
- Mutu wa anzanu omwe akusowa.
Ndikofunikira kuti dalaivala amanyamula okwera omwe ali ndi kutsata koyenera kwambiri ndi dongosolo loyenda.
Katswiri uyu ayenera Onani zida zachitetezo , ngati kuli kotheka, khalani perekani thandizo , komanso pa nthawi yake Khalani ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zochitika zachilendo.
Maudindo
Ntchito Zogwira Ntchito Zoyendetsa Metro zikuphatikiza ntchito zotsatirazi:
- kutsatira malamulo achitetezo, komanso zolemba zovomerezeka zoyendetsa magetsi;
- gawo la tsiku ndi tsiku la mayeso okakamizidwa ndi ntchito yosinthira;
- Bungwe lovomereza kapangidwe kake ndi kudzipereka kwake;
- Kuyang'ana magwiridwe antchito a strack;
- Kunyamula zoyendera paulendo molingana ndi dongosolo lokhazikika la kuyenda popanda kuvomerezedwa ku kanyumba ka anthu osavomerezeka;
- kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopulumutsa komanso mphamvu zosungira magetsi;
- Kuyankha kwakanthawi ku chilichonse chomwe chikubwera ndi dongosolo ladzidzidzi kuchokera kwa okwera;
- kuwongolera mkhalidwe waukadaulo wa ngolo, komanso magabs oyendetsa;
- Kudziwitsa wopanga zolakwa za Metro pa zolakwa zilizonse.
Zofunikira
Malinga ndi zomwe zilipo Chidziwitso Chotsimikizika cha Tarifff , munthu wathanzi, wamphamvu, wathanzi wazaka 18 mpaka 40, yemwe wadutsa ntchito yofulumira yankhondo yankhondo yankhondo ndipo alibe sitima yapamagetsi . Gwirani ntchito izi kwa nthumwi zachikazi siziperekedwa ndi lamulo.
Ndipo lero woyendetsa Metro ndi wokongola Anapulumuka ntchitoyi. Monga lamulo, ntchito zambiri nthawi zonse zimakhala zotseguka paudindowu komanso mode zosasinthika pali maphunziro a ogwira ntchito atsopano. Komabe, zofunikira zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa olembetsa ndizakale. Woyang'anira aliyense ku Incy Dalaivala wa Metro ayenera kupita poyesa zamaganizidwe kuti adziwe zachuma zake zamaganizidwe ake. Chifukwa cha phunziroli, wopemphayo amapeza chidwi chofuna kuganizira kwambiri, kuloweza zambiri, komanso kuthekera kosinthana kuchokera kumodzi.
Kufunika Kwambiri Kovomerezeka Pamalo A Sitima Yabwino Thupi lamunthu. Ogwira ntchitowa ayenera kukhala ndi thanzi labwino ndipo alibe matenda osachiritsika. Ayenera kupirira katundu wambiri chifukwa chogwira ntchito nthawi yamdima. Munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a Vustibur Appratus saloledwa kugwira ntchito, popeza kuyenda kwina kulikonse kwa sitima yamagetsi kumayendera ndi kugwedezeka. Woyendetsa Metro ayenera kukhala ndi chidwi chabwino komanso utoto wangwiro pamlingo wa 100%. Munthuyu ayenera kuyang'aniridwa kofunikira kuchokera kwa dokotala-napaloga, popeza wochita kusankha kuti akhale ndi mwayi woterewu sangakhale ndi zizolowezi zovulaza komanso zovulaza.
Asanayambe kusintha kwa ntchito, dalaivala ayenera kudutsa mayeso azachipatala - Wogwira ntchito amawerengera magawo a kugunda kwa mtima ndi kukakamizidwa, komanso amagwiranso ntchito ndikuwona kukhalapo kapena kusowa kwa zinthu zoletsedwa.
Ngati dalaivalayo ali ndi vuto loyipa, mumtima mwamphamvu, kupsinjika kapena kukhumudwa - izi zitha kukhala maziko ochotsa kusintha. Kuwongolera kokha kokha kumalola kuteteza moyo wa okwera ndipo kupewa tsokalo.
Udindo
Woyendetsa sitima yamagetsi amayang'anira bwino ntchito yolondola komanso zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa iye modzicepetsa, komanso chikhalidwe cha okwera komanso chitetezo cha mayendedwe awo. Kuphatikiza apo, munthuyu ndi amene amachititsa kuti wothandizira azithandiza.
Lamulo limakhazikitsa udindo wa woyendetsa ndi wothandizira wawo pamaziko otsatira:
- Zolemba zolondola za injiniya woperekedwa ndi makinawo, komanso kufufuza, chida chogwirira ntchito ndi buku lokonzanso gawo kuyambira tsiku lomwe alandiridwa;
- onetsetsani kuti chitetezo cha okwera ndege ndi ma tepi;
- kupereka chikhalidwe chokonza;
- Kutsatirana ndi ukadaulo wa mzindawu wokhazikitsidwa ndi madongosolo apadera omwe amachitika mdziko lonse;
- Kutsatira malangizo oyenda ndi magalimoto ndi magalimoto, malangizo otetezedwa, mfundo zachitetezo chamoto;
- kutsatira malamulo onse omwe amatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito ma brigade a homocotsive;
- gawo la mayeso azachipatala, komanso ulendo wakale ndi mawonekedwe ndi mayeso;
- Kudziwitsa kafukufukuyu kapena woyendetsa sitimayo kupezeka kwa mabizinesi, kumapitilizabe kugwira ntchito kwagalimoto ndi zinthu zake;
- Kuonetsetsa kuti azitha kuyang'anira ntchito zantchito.
Ndi Woyendetsa Metro atha kukhala ndi udindo Pakachitika kuti chidziwitso chake chaukadaulo ndi maluso othandiza potuluka kuchokera ku zovuta za kuperewera kwa malo ophulika ndi osakhutiritsa. Katswiri uyu alibe ufulu woti athe kuphwanya mosavomerezeka ndikusokoneza zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zida zachitetezo, sizingalepheretse zida zolakwika popanda kuzindikira kuti pasitimayo.
Maphunziro
Pofuna kugwira ntchito ngati metro kumanginiki, wabwino kwambiri Pezani maphunziro aukadaulo motsogozedwa ndi woyendetsa ndege. Mutha kulowa ndi DSUS onse pamaziko a 9 ndipo pambuyo pa giredi 11 - zimangoganiza nthawi yokha yophunzitsira. Kuphatikiza apo, woyendetsa membala wa Metro adzafunikanso kuphunzira mwachindunji ku Enterprise. Komabe, izi zimafunikira nthawi yocheperako komanso kuyesetsa kuposa kupeza chidziwitso kuchokera ku chivundikiro, ngakhale izi zimapangitsa kuti ofunsidwa ndi ofunsidwa.
Kuyambira tsiku loyamba la pulogalamuyi, ayenera kukhala odzipereka kwambiri komanso osunga nthawi, osalola kuti agwire ntchito ngakhale mphindi imodzi - kuphwanya izi kwa mphindi yomweyo kumalowa muumwini. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudzifunse nokha ndi makalasi pazinthu zanu. M'malo mwake, kuyambira tsiku loyamba la kuphunzira, ophunzira onse a ophunzira akhoza kungoyanjana ndi metro.
Pa nthawi yomwe aphedwa pantchito yawo Makina saloledwa Kuti mugwiritse ntchito foni yam'manja, piritsi ndipo mwambiri, kuti asokonezedwe chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa ntchito - motero, komanso pokambirana izi zimaletsedwanso kwa oyendetsa mtsogolo.
Mu mwezi woyamba wa maphunziro mu maphunziro a akaunti ndi "wothandizira Machinist ya sitima yamagetsi". Imatha ndi makhonsolo okhala ndi mlungu uliwonse mu depot, pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kudutsa mayeso.
Kuchokera Lachiwiri mpaka mwezi wa 5, maphunziro amachitika mu chipinda chapadera "choyendetsa bwino zamagetsi". Munthawi imeneyi, ophunzira amaphunzira kapangidwe kazinthu zokutira, dziwani ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo agalimoto, zindikirani zomwe zimayambitsa zitsulo ndi zolakwa zagalimoto ndi njira zowathetsera posachedwa. Maphunzirowa amatsirizidwa ndi gawo la zomwe zimachitika pamwezi pamawu. M'malo mwake, pakadali panoyo akuperekedwa kale pa ndodoyo ndikumaliza pa mgwirizano, komanso kukula kwa malipiro. Koma ntchito imachitidwa pansi pa makongula a wolangiyo yemwe wavomera ku maphunziro a metro.
Pamapeto pa ulonda, muyenera kudutsa mayeso:
- Zida za chibayo;
- Zida zamakina;
- Zida zamagetsi;
- Kasamalidwe ka thunzi.
Komabe, maphunziro oyenda bwino komanso kuperekera mayeso omaliza sikuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kupititsa patsogolo ndi makalasi a positi "metro". Zolemba ziyenera Gwirani ntchito paudindo wa Prinant Machinist kwa miyezi inanso. Nthawi imeneyi, kuwonjezera pa kukwaniritsidwa kwa omwe akukwaniritsidwa kwa anthu omwe akubwera kudzapita ku Makina Ophunzitsa Makina Azadzidzidzi, maulendo ophunzitsira, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pamisonkhano ndi zochitika zina zazikulu.
Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu, machitidwe onse ophunzitsira ndi alangizi ayenera kusainidwa, komanso ma deposits ndikudutsa mayeso amkati. Atangodutsa kwawo, wochita chidwi ndi malo oyendetsa sitima yapamwamba popanda gulu.
Zimagwira kuti?
Oyimira ntchitoyi amagwira ntchito ku Metro. Monga tanena kale, kuchuluka ntchito kwa ntchito kumangokhala m'mizinda ingapo yayikulu kwambiri.
M'dziko lathu, ichi ndi chofuna-pambuyo pa ntchito, ndipo ndalama zake zimakhala zazitali. Zimatengera magawo angapo.
- Kukwanira Gulu la antchito ndi luso lapadera . Chifukwa chake, makina a metro a gulu la 1st, omwe amaposa zaka 10, amatha kulandira mwezi ku ruble ruble 100 pamwezi. Komabe, ogwira ntchito ndi zokumana nazo zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa mu ntchito pali ziyeneretso zakalamba.
- Kuchuluka kwa kubweza kumakhudza Nthawi yogwira ntchito. Malinga ndi miyezo yaposachedwa patsiku, woyendetsa metro akukakamizidwa kugwira ntchito kwa maola 6, ndipo mwatsoka - 36. Tsoka ilo, chifukwa chosowa kwa akatswiri anthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri zimawonjezera 8-ola limodzi Mbadwo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa malipiro, komanso pa thanzi la wogwira ntchito imakhudzanso njira yolakwika kwambiri.
- Gwirani ntchito madzulo, ndipo usiku amalipira 20% kuposa masana. Mulingo wa kusuntha usiku kudutsa tsiku ndi tsiku 40%, ndipo oyendetsa sitima yamagetsi, kusintha kwa komwe kumasweka kangapo patsiku, kumapezeka ndi 30%.
Pali zosiyana pakati pa malipiro a metro kumakina m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana ya dziko lathu. Kuphatikiza pa malipiro abwino, ntchito yolemetsa ya ogwira ntchito iyi imawalola kuwerengera ena Mapindu ena. Izi ndi monga:
- kuyenda kwaulere mu metropolitan nthawi iliyonse ndi mbali iliyonse;
- Chombo cha pachaka cholipiridwa kwathunthu mu masiku 42 kuyambira chaka chachitatu chogwira ntchito pa Demot, zimawonjezera masiku 44;
- Katswiri aliyense aliyense ali ndi ufulu wowerengera malo omwe ali ndi zosangalatsa za depore;
- Ogwira ntchitoyi amakhala ndi matikiti aulere amapita kumalo osangalatsa, komanso kumbuyo;
- magawo a kotala.
Kuphatikiza apo, makina amakina a Metro ali ndi ufulu wophunzirira mayunivesite aliwonse okhudzana ndi njira zoyankhulirana. Komanso olemba ntchito apaderawa angadalire ntchito zaulere zaulere m'mabungwe ogontha.
