Womanga ndi katswiri yemwe amagwira ntchito pamapulojekiti a nyumba, nyumba ndi madera. Ndi anthu a ntchitoyi omwe amakakamizidwa kwambiri ndi kutuluka kwa nyumba zamafakitale komanso nyumba, zipilala ndi mapaki. Zonse zomwe ziyenera kumangidwa, njira imodzi kapena ina imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito yamagulu a Omanga. Tidzayesa kuganizira zina za ntchito za injiniya wamasewera.
Zinthu, zabwino ndi ntchito
Akatswiri omanga nyumba ndi njira yomanga nyumba zomwe zimayambitsa kusanthula kapangidwe kake ka kapangidwe kake. Udindo wa Wopanga mainjiniya kuphatikiza kukonzekera kapangidwe kake, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zida zake, poganizira zomwe amachita m'nthawi zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana.
Dera la likulu la ntchito yomanga limaphatikizapo kukula kwa ntchito yotenthetsera, mpweya wabwino, makina owongolera mpweya, komanso makina otetezera moto, njira zotetezera moto zonsezi.
NKHANI zitatu zimaphatikizapo zabwino za ntchitoyi.
- Kutheka Kuzindikira kwa akatswiri , Kulumikizana ndi anthu aluso, akatswiri akuwongolera.
- Malo . Anthu akhala akumanga ndipo amamanga nyumba zomanga m'dziko lathuli zikukula chaka ndi chaka, choncho m'zaka zapitazi sipadzakhala kuchepa kwa malingaliro omwe angachitike kwa omwe angakhale.
- Mwayi wantchito kunja . Wopanga injini ndi ma cutsor. Ngati mwalandira maphunziro abwino ndikupeza luso lolimba, ndiye kuti muli ndi mwayi uliwonse woyenerera ku ntchito ina m'maiko ena.
Komabe, sizinali zolakwika.
- Udindo wowonjezeredwa. Kuteteza kapangidwe kake ndi kutonthoza kokhazikika kumadalira mtundu wopanga dongosolo la ukadaulo m'njira zambiri, ndiye kuti katswiriyu akuwonjezeka komanso ngakhale udindo wamakhalidwe.
- Maphunziro akale . Akatswiri amakono amakono amaphunzira pafupifupi nthawi yayitali ngati madokotala. Gawo loyambalo (lolembapo) limatenga zaka 5, ndipo kuti mutsirize ku yunivesite, muyenera kudutsa kwa zaka zina ziwiri zomaliza maphunziro.
- Njira yovuta kupita. Kuti mupeze katswiri wachichepere kuti atengedwe kalikonse kovuta kwambiri, zinthu zonse zazikulu zimaperekedwa ndi opanga otchuka, ndipo nthawi yayitali muyenera kukhala ndi mbiri yawo.
Ntchito Zovomerezeka
Ntchito Zogwira Ntchito Pamangeni Zinthu Zotsatira:
- Chitukuko cha lingaliro la maukadaulo othandizira, Ndipo kenako ndikuwonetsa mu mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe;
- kukafola zofunika ntchito zolembedwa zonse , Pakuvomereza nanu ikuyang'anira mabungwe;
- nawo yogwira Mu kufufuza kwambiri njira kusalumikizana Mapolojekiti lililonse enieni, ngati n'koyenera, kusintha kwake malinga ndi mikhalidwe zinasintha;
- kuyang'aniridwa Kuseri kwa ndondomeko za kuphedwa kwa ntchito anakonza, izo kwenikweni masamba kwa kumanga ndi oyang'anira kugwilizana ndi dongosolo.
Ndi injiniya-wamanga kuti iwe uyenera kutenga maofesi okonzeka zopangidwa ndi ntchito zina. Kulandira lamulo, wazomangamanga makamaka akupitiriza drafting ndi sewero ndi osauka onse masanjidwe zofunika, kenako amayang'anira iwo ndi makasitomala. Pa ichi, ntchito ya katswiri wa zomangamanga sikuthetsa - izo ayenera kupezeka pa magawo onse a zomangamanga ndipo ngati n'koyenera, kuchita miyezo kuti kulamulira lolondola polojekiti.
Ndi katswiri amene ali ndi mawu zikuluzikulu posankha zomangira.
Makhalidwe Awo
Ntchito ya mmisiri injiniya amafuna Luso mkulu, amadziŵa bwino umisiri wamakono zomangamanga, komanso njira yolenga kuchita nchito yomanga.
Khalidwe ndi akatswiri makhalidwe izi zapaderazi akhoza zimachitika:
- okhudza malo maganizo;
- Zotsatira lathu;
- luso ntchito mu timu;
- zongopeka;
- udindo;
- maphunziro abwino;
- Kulumikizana.
Maphunziro
The wamanga injiniya ayenera kukhala ndi maphunziro apamwamba, kudzikonda anaphunzitsa mbali iyi ya zomangamanga malo. Pafupifupi mizinda yonse ya m'dziko lathu pali mapulani mayunivesite, akatswiri amenewa asasanyika mu maphunziro payekha.
Mu maphunziro, tsogolo womanga akatswiri akufufuza nkhani ongolankhula ndi zopindulitsa ndiponso kudziŵa zotsatirazi:
- cholowa njira zosiyanasiyana akatunge zojambula ndi kuchita zina zachidule zoyenerazi;
- Kudziŵako za mbali geodesic ndi chilengedwe m'dera;
- luso ntchito deta cartographic;
- Luso lopeka zojambula komanso masikimu;
- Kudziwa peculiarities wa khalidwe la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo mu zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe;
- luso ntchito ndi zinasokoneza makompyuta;
- luso ntchito ndi miyezo (GOST, SNIP, etc.);
- Othandiza zinachitikira kuchita masamu ndi mawunikidwe.
Malipiro
Achinyamata wamanga injiniya salandira kwambiri, amene posachedwapa anamaliza bungwe maphunziro, katswiri zambiri amayamba ntchito yake ndi malo otsika malipiro mabungwe ntchito. koma Kwambiri waluso ndi cholinga anyamata kuoneka mwayi patapita kanthawi kukhala akutsogolera ndiyeno wamanga aakulu. Pafupifupi, malipiro a akatswiri awa ku Russia ndi ma ruble 25- 35, ngakhale kuti mulingo wolipira makamaka kumadalira dera linalake. Chifukwa chake, ku Moscow, kuchuluka kumeneku kumalandiridwa ndi akatswiri a novice, ndipo opanga madokotala odziwa ntchito adalandira ma ruble a 50-60 zikwi zikwi pamwezi.
Kubwezeretsa kwa akatswiri ogwirira ntchito payekha kuli ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu: atha kusokoneza koperacks ", ndipo amatha kufika mpaka 100,000 kuti alowe nawo ntchitoyi - chinthu chonsechi muzochita zaluso. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mamangikakitala amafunika kugwirira ntchito mbiri yawo, ndipo pokhapokha pokhapokha zikazigwira. M'mayiko a CIS (Belarus ndi Kazakhstan) kuchuluka kwa malipiro kuli pafupifupi ku Russia, koma mayiko omwe ali ndi chuma chotukuka amatha kupatsa anzawo akatswiri azachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, ku United States, mainjiniya opanga madoko angatenge malipiro a madola 6,000, ku England kumamasulidwa ndi 400,000, ku Germany ndi ku Italy ndalama zikuyandikira ma ruble 250,000. Ntchito ya wopanga injini ya wopanga ku Dubai imalipira bwino. , pali katswiri woyenerera angadalire ndalama ziphuphu zokwana 800,000.
