Zithunzi (17): Kufotokozera kwa ntchito. Zimapereka ndalama zingati ndi momwe mungakhalire? Kodi mitundu ya opanga ndi iti ndipo amachita chiyani? Kutambasulira kwa ntchito

Ntchito ya wopangayo ikukhudzana mwachindunji ndi kulengedwa kwa mawonekedwe a zithunzi zamkati, mipando, zowonjezera, zithunzi zamakompyuta, zimakhala zina zambiri. Tiye tikambirane zomwe opanga izi amafotokoza ndi machitidwe a ntchitoyi, taganizirani za maudindo omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mikhalidwe yomwe ikuyenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopambana.

Kodi ntchitoyi ndi iti?

Wopanga ndi katswiri wokulitsa mawonekedwe a zenizeni zomwe zili zenizeni, ndipo izi zitha kukhala zenizeni komanso zenizeni, zitha kupeza lingaliro m'moyo kapena kuti mukhalebe lingaliro. Zida zazikulu za kapangidwe zimakhala zojambula, malingaliro, zojambula ndi mitundu yonse yamapulogalamu . Opanga amapereka ergonomics komanso mosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zothetsera mavuto. Akatswiri awa ayenera kudziwa bwino komanso amatha kuphatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zida, mitundu ndi mawonekedwe. Kuphatikiza pa luso laluso, Ayenera kukhala ndi luso logwira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu apakompyuta. Popeza ntchito za wopanga wina aliyense zimaphatikizapo kuyambitsa mawu aukadaulo ndi zatsopano.

Ambiri amasokoneza ntchito ya wopanga ndi wojambula. Kusiyana pakati pawo kumatha Kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za ntchito. Wowombayo amatha kukhala ndi mafotokozedwe odzipereka, mwachitsanzo, kapangidwe kathunthu, osaganizira momwe mipando yonse yosonyezera ikhoza kukhalamo. Cholinga cha wopanga ndi wosiyana kwambiri - ayenera kupanga pulojekiti yomwe ingawonetsere kuti mukati mukati itha kukhala ndi moyo.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuti mukhale katswiri, sikokwanira kumaliza sukulu imodzi yaluso yokha, muyenera kupeza maphunziro apadera.

Kodi akuchita chiyani?

Ntchito ya wopanga imaphatikizapo kapangidwe kake, komanso chilengedwe cha malingaliro aposachedwa a Internaors / malo / katundu / katundu / makompyuta. Popanga ntchito Muyenera kuganizira za zigawo za chisankhochi, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosagwiritsa ntchito, komanso kapangidwe kazinthu zokopa zinthu zomwe zatsirizidwa. Pokonzekera mapangidwe, opanga ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi zopempha za makasitomala amodzi kapena zofuna za ogula onse. Mukugwira ntchito yokonzekera ndalama, akatswiri amapanga miyeso yofunikira ndi kuyezetsa, pambuyo pake amapangika mawonekedwe kapena mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake.

Zonse zofunika angathe kuchitidwa onse paokha ndipo mu tandem ndi ojambula, illustrators, zamaganizo, ogulitsa malonda ndi akatswiri ena ofanana.

Zabwino ndi zovuta

Monga ntchito ina iliyonse, malangizo mlengi ali ndi ubwino ndi kuipa. Choncho, ubwino monga mfundo zotsatirazi.

• Kukhazikika. Ntchito amatanthauza otchuka ndi zogwirizana. Malinga ndi akatswiri mu m'zaka zikubwerazi, chidwi mu ntchito opanga mudzakhala.
• Wamakhalidwe malipiro mlingo akatswiri oyenerera.
• Luso ntchito Monga mu ofesi, komanso freelancer ufulu.
• Ntchito Yopanga Limakupatsani kugwiritsa kuthekera kwanu kulenga ndi kusintha zenizeni ozungulira.

Sanali wopanda cholakwika.

• Kukwanira kupeza mlingo wabwino wa kupereka . Woyambitsa okonza kuti anakakamizika ntchito kwa zaka zingapo pafupifupi khobidi, nadzaza mbiri zawo, monga akatswiri popanda zambiri msika si mawu.
• Zikuchitika maola osagwira ntchito.
• Kwa mlengi pa freelanse, ndi drawback kwambiri akhoza kukhala malamulo osasamba. Iwo akhoza kulandira ndalama yozungulira ntchito, ndiyeno kukhala pokonzekera masabata ochepa.
• Ovuta kwambiri ntchito imeneyi anakumana okonza kuyitana subjectivity ntchito yayendera . Ngakhale ndi ziyeneretso wapamwamba ndi zinachitikira kwambiri, okonza nthawi zonse amakumana kusamvetsetsa kwa makasitomala, omanga, akatswiri ndi akatswiri ena.

Mwatsoka, sikutheka kuti tipewe zimenezi, ngakhale anthu amene mobwerezabwereza zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha anthu padziko lonse.

ndi okonza chiyani?

Bwalo udindo ntchito ndi ntchito za mlengi okha osati luso la ntchito ndi competencies wantchito, komanso ndi owerengeka specialization. Kwa ambiri anafuna-pambuyo malangizo ali motere.

• Mapangidwe amkati . Ambiri mwa anthu wamba wamba kumvetsetsa luso kukatenga wokongola wotsogola mipando ergonomically kukonza m'nyumba yake. Ndi mmene ntchito zawo ndi akatswiri amene dziko amene zapita iwiri maphunziro. Ndipotu, ntchito ya mlengi n'kovuta kwambiri. Mkati si mipando, ndi aya, kuunikira, magulu mapulani komanso kusonkhezera. katswiri uyu ayenera kuti abwere ndi njira mapeto, malo Kulumikizana, Kutentha zamakono, mpweya wabwino.
• Wopanga Web. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa kudzinenera ambiri. Ndithudi, ambiri aona kuti malo osiyanasiyana nkhani zofanana ndi pafupifupi nyumba ofanana zingasiyane mu zinalengedwera. Nthawi zina, bwino ndi kusasintha, pa anthu kuti apeze zofunika ndi kovuta.
• Mapangidwe A Tsamba - Ichi ndiye chinthu choyamba chomwe wosuta amawona mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a magwiridwe antchito ndi kuyikidwa kwa gwero. Sikokwanira kupanga chithunzi chokongola apa. Ndikofunikira kulingalira momwe portal idzabwezeretsedwa mukamasamutsa wopanga, mpaka nthawi yovuta komanso yomveka bwino kwa alendo, ndi njira ziti zomwe ndizotheka kukwaniritsa masamba. Kuti muchite izi, katswiriyu amatha kujambula bwino mu Okonza, ndikofunikira kudziwa zoyambira pakupanga mapulojekiti apakunja pano.
• Wopanga zithunzi . Uwu ndi katswiri amene amayambitsa chipolopolo. Zitsanzo za ntchito yake zidzasandulika Logos, chizindikiritso cha kampani, machitidwe oyenda, komanso ma Paketi owoneka bwino. Zochita za ntchito yake zimagwira ntchito imodzi - kukopa, polimbikitsa mtunduwo. Nthawi yomweyo, wopanga zithunzi ayenera kukumbukira kugwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, ngati kulongedza chokoleti kukuchitika, muyenera kumvetsetsa momwe zingakhalire bwino, kaya kukongoletsa utoto kumakhala kosangalatsa kwa diso, kaya ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuwonetsa - zonsezi zimatengera ukatswiri ndi talente ya katswiri.
• Wopanga malo . Mwakutero, munthuyu amachita ntchito za wopanga ndipo ali ndi udindo wopanga malo okhala, mabwalo ndi ziwembu. Kanemayu amafunika kudziwa kwambiri mu botanic ndi ukadaulo. Apa muyenera kusankha mbewu kuti sizingowoneka zokongola, koma zimatha kukhalabe zowoneka bwino ndikuyamba kumera, ndizofunika kwenikweni ndi kukula kwa makina othirira ndi ngalande. Pa kapangidwe ka malowa, ndikofunikira kukhudza momwe maderawo amathandizira kuti zitheke, luso la kulumikizana komwe kumayambitsa komanso kupangidwa kwa zinthu kuti mupulumutsidwe kwa mitengo, zitsamba ndi mitundu.
• Wopanga mafakitale. Uyu ndi munthu amene akuyendetsa ntchito yopanga. Chitsanzo cha ili ndi ogulitsa magalimoto, pomwe magalimoto opangidwawo amakhudza mamiliyoni a anthu omwe akufuna kugula makina oterowo kuchokera kwa wopanga kapena kusiya. Komabe, pano, chidwi chochuluka sichimalipira osati kwa zokongoletsa zokha, komanso chinthu chapamwamba, chothandiza komanso ntchito zamagetsi zagalimoto.

Awa ndi njira zodziwika bwino kwambiri. Masiku ano kuli mitundu yoposa 20 yopanga, iliyonse yomwe ili ndi mwayi wawo ndipo zimafunikira chidziwitso chofunikira. Mwachitsanzo, fano mlengi amene amalenga zovala zokongola, nsapato ndi zokongoletsa; zazitsulo-stylist, osauka mankhwala ndi anamanga-mu zipangizo; Bio-okonza udindo kulenga 3D-masanjidwe ziwalo ndipo zimakhala. Kusindikiza ndi Nkhani okonza, kutukula m'tawuni Kamangidwe, komanso malonda, zozipakapaka, makatani ndi nsalu zina, mlengi-mlengi, florist mlengi, chithunzi mlengi.

Maudindo

Ngati timalankhula chinenero losavuta, ndiye mlengi ndi munthu amene lakonzedwa kulenga kukongola ndi kukhalabe magwiridwe ntchito zongopeka ake ndi luso la ntchito. The ntchito malangizo a akatswiri izi zikuphatikizapo:

• kumvera zofuna za makasitomala;
• chitukuko cha lingaliro wamba ndi ntchito ndi mgwirizano wake;
• kujambula lingaliro;
• Kuchita 3D-mawerengeredwe ntchito magawowa zowonera wa zosiyana;
• Kukonzekera masanjidwe okhudza malo;
• yomanga;
• prototyping;
• kugwirizana komaliza ndi makasitomala;
• kutengerapo Project ntchito ndi kuyan'anila ntchito kugwilizana pamisinkhu ntchito.

Ndani amabwera?

Pofuna kukhala mlengi, m'pofunika kuti likhale maluso ena ukadaulo ndi khalidwe khalidwe.

Maluso ofunikira akatswiri

Konza moyenera ntchito, mlengi akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu zambiri zamakono m'zochita zake. Kuyambira katswiri zinkafuna:

• cholowa cha zithunzi Agiriki ndi atsopano ndi kujambula njira;
• Kudziwa ndizosowa kompyuta kamangidwe, Sketchup, mapulogalamu AutoCAD, komanso ArchiCAD ndi zokoma Home 3D;
• Malo a maluso a IIDTATICS ndi chuma cha Project ntchito;
• Kumvetsa malonda mfundo;
• Kulankhula ndi makasitomala akunja, ndi chinenero chachiwiri ayenera kuchita.

Makhalidwe Awo

Chidwi zochepa ziperekedwe kwa makhalidwe abwino.

• ya kulingalira . Mlengi amalenga chithunzi si wokongola, koma ntchito kwenikweni Choncho, ngati mbali ya specialization izi, ndikofunika kuganiza conceptually komanso molondola.
• Munthu kalembedwe. Kawirikawiri, khalidwe limeneli ndi zogwirizana ndi njira kulenga ndi limakupatsani kupanga maganizo lapadera kupanga kapangidwe kuzindikira ndi wotsogola.
• Kumvera. Chimodzi-okha zolakwa kungayambitse zotsatira zosautsa. Choncho, ngati inaccuracy pasukulu kwa buku la ntchito mkati, ilo moni kuphwanya wathunthu wa magwiridwe ake, ndi kalembera pachithunzichi wa ukonde kamangidwe Kamangidwe adzakhala wokutidwa ndi tulo usiku yaitali vestovel lapansi.
• Streetness. wojambula Izi angakwanitse kudikira kudzoza, ndi mlengi amakakamizidwa ntchito mu zinthu dedulene zochepa, sanali kugwilizana ndi amene ali zinadzala ndi chilango chachikulu.

Katswiri uyu sangaletse chidwi, kulingalira bwino, kuthekera koganiziratu komanso kukonza zambiri zomwe zikubwera. Pofuna kuthandizira kumvetsetsana ndi kasitomala, wopanga ayenera kukhala wochezeka komanso wokhoza kutsimikizira.

Kodi mumalandira ndalama zingati?

Malipiro Opanga mwachindunji amadalira njira ya akatswiri, kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zimayambitsa, kuchuluka kwa zida zaukadaulo ndi mapulogalamu, komanso kuchokera kudera lanyumba ndi zinthu zina zambiri . Choncho, mwachindunji enieni kuchuluka kwa malipiro mlengi ndi zovuta, ngakhale zoikamo sizovuta weniweni. Mu dziko lathu, akatswiri pa avareji kulandira 30-35 zikwi rubles, mu Moscow ndalamazo likuyandikira 40-50 zikwi Komabe, mu MIDZI Russian, okonza zambiri kulipira 10-15 zikwi pamwezi.

Ntchito ya opanga mawonekedwe amalipira bwino kwambiri. - Malipiro awo amabwera mpaka 100,000, makamaka "opanga" 3D-opanga mawebusayiti, a Web okonza malo -. mpaka 50-60 zikwi An anakumana mlengi akhoza kuyesa kuzindikira mphamvu m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, pali akatswiri aliyense malangizo kulandira zambiri. Chifukwa chake, wopanga mawonekedwe omwe ali ku United States amalandila $ 3,000 pamwezi, ku Canada - 2000,000, komanso ku Germany, ndalama zimafika ku ma euro 4,000.

Maphunziro

Ngakhale kuti munthu wamba yemwe ali ndi luso laluso komanso kukoma kwawo akhoza kuchita nawo kapangidwe kake, ntchitoyi komabe imafuna maphunziro abwino. Pofuna kukhala katswiri wodziwa bwino Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino njira yopezera ma projekiti ndi mapulogalamu a ngphics mwangwiro . Katswiriyu samasiya kudzitukumula, popeza matekinole onse atsopano ndi atsopano amapezeka chakachaka.

Masiku ano, mzinda uliwonse uli ndi mabungwe ndi mayunivesite akupereka maphunziro a maphunziro pa ntchito yopanga. Ndikofunikira kusankha mabungwe akulu okha omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino ndikutsatira mtundu wa kupeza chidziwitso ndi luso lapadera. M'mayunivesite, "kapangidwe" kumaphatikizapo mbiri zingapo:

• luso lazojambula;
• kapangidwe ka zovala;
• Industrial Chilengedwe
• Kapangidwe kake ndi chilengedwe cha zenizeni zenizeni;
• Kupanga kulumikizana ndi ena.

Atalowa ku yunivesite, ofunsira nthawi zambiri amapita ku Chirasha, masamu, komanso mbiri komanso maphunziro azachikhalidwe - Mndandanda watsatanetsatane watsatanetsatane umatengera machitidwe a kafukufukuyu. Nthawi zina, m'pofunika kukumana zina mayeso kulenga, zomwe zingathandize kusonyeza mlingo wa luso. Pambuyo 9 ndi 11 makalasi, mukhoza kulembetsa koleji apadera kuti amalola kupeza sekondale maphunziro apadera mapulani malangizo.

Monga mmene kumapeto, ophunzira ambiri mu njira ya maphunziro kukhumudwitsa chifukwa iwo ndi ochokera kuti adzaphunzitsidwa mu zonse. Komabe, izi siziri choncho - mu yunivesite angamupatse chiphunzitso, ndi ntchito imeneyi angathe kuperekedwa pokhapokha zinachitikira zinachitikira. Mu mabungwe mu maphunziro oyamba, ambiri onse zinthu maphunziro anaphunzira (maphunziro chikhalidwe, sayansi ndale), ndipo kumayambiriro kwa ntchito anapatsidwanso. Mu nthawi yomweyo, ankadziwa kapangidwe opanga ayamba.

Maphunziro lachitatu ndi winanso kale zakuya kuphunzira zinthu zofunika ntchito, komanso mitundu yonse ya zisudzo ndi mipikisano. Mu theka lachiwiri la maphunziro, ana asukulu akupatsidwa kutukula ntchito woyamba, ndipo kumapeto kwa aliyense yunivesite polimbana ndi chitetezo cha dipuloma ya. Kawirikawiri izi, wophunzira apatsidwa ntchito yaikulu kuti ayenera kukwaniritsa paokha ndipo aipereke kwa mamembala a bungwe.

Kodi mungakhale bwanji?

Vuto lalikulu kwa katswiri aliyense novice - Izi ndi kupanda nawo ntchitoyo. Komabe, vuto limeneli angathe kuthetsedwa ndi otsika chitukuko cha madongosolo otsika-analipira kakang'ono kapangidwe situdiyo kapena kudzera malo odzichitira pawokha kuphunzira. Zikatero, n'zotheka ntchito pa ntchitoyo popanda kusiya nyumba, ndi otsika malipiro kwathunthu kulipidwa ndi chitukuko cha zolimbikitsa kwambiri. Kuvuta chachiwiri ndi kupanda maganizo, palibe njira chilengedwe pano.

A woyamba mlengi ayenera ntchito ngati kuli kotheka komanso masomphenya ake kuti awulule umatha.

Mafundo ndi kukula kwa ntchito

Njira zasungidwa mu njira mlengi ndi angapo. The choyamba - mukhoza kukhala freelancer ndi kugwira ntchito nokha. Pankhaniyi, mungathe paokha kusankha malamulo malingana ndi msinkhu malipiro ndi malire nthawi. Ndipo inu mukhoza kufika kwa ndodo ya Design Bureau kapena lalikulu ntchito kampani ndi ntchito mu timu - mu nkhani iyi pali kuthekera kukula ntchito ndiponso moyenera, kuukitsa malipiro.

okonza watsopano zambiri anakonza mu situdiyo yaing'ono malo yaing'ono. Monga ulamuliro, chiyembekezo ntchito sali pamenepo, komanso kugwira ntchito mwa iwo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati poyambira kulemba mbiri ndi chiyesedwe cha luso tinasonkhanitsa pa maphunziro. ziyembekezo bwino kwambiri amene analandira maphunziro yapamwamba yunivesite yachilendo - nthawi yomweyo akutsegula njira kuti m'bwalolo lonse.

Mulimonsemo, ndi opanga omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi kugwira ntchito molimbika komanso kudziphunzira kosalekeza kudzapeza malo abwino komanso opindulitsa kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira kuphunzira kuchokera ku maphunziro, kumapita kumaseminas, ndikuwunikira, kutenga nawo mbali mu luso laluso la akatswiri. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira zinthu zatsopano komanso kuwerenga zomwe zimachitika zonse zomwe zimachitika kwambiri komanso zomwe zimachitika nthawi yomweyo, koma nthawi yomweyo osasokoneza kalembedwe kanu.