Mitundu yoganiza: mitundu mu psychology yotengera zithunzi za anthu ndikudalira kuwonedwa mwachindunji. Kulemba

Ganiza, taganizirani, kuti mudziwe, pangani - aliyense wa ife, chilengedwe chidayika kuthekera kodabwitsa uku. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe ubongo wamunthu umapezeka pa Kuwala umayamba kuwerenganso zambiri kuchokera kudziko lakunja, zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino. Kodi Kuganiza Ndi Chiyani? Mitundu yake ndi mawonekedwe awo afotokozere munkhaniyi.

Lingaliro Labwino

Kuyambira kale, anthu ayesa kumvetsetsa mtundu wanji wa malingaliro, monga momwe zimayambira, momwe zimagwirira ntchito, momwe chimagwirizirachi chodabwitsachi chikugwira ntchito. Asayansi, anzeru adayesa kuwulula zinsinsi za chikumbumtima cha anthu ndikuwona nkhani yosaonekayo. Mapangano ambiri, mabuku, ntchito zasayansi ndi nkhani zasayansi zalembedwa pamutuwu. Maluso a munthu adaphunziridwa ndikuphunzitsidwa mpaka pano ndi mawere osiyanasiyana, koma adakhalabe kumapeto kwa osadziwika . Zachidziwikire, sitingapange chozizizwitsa ndikuulula zodabwitsa zamunthu. Koma yang'anani lingaliro ili kuchokera pamalingaliro a sayansi yamaganizidwe ndikuyesera kumvetsetsa mitundu yamalingaliro ndi mawonekedwe awo.

Mu psychology pali tanthauzo la kuganiza. Zokambirana pankhaniyi ndi okwera. Palibenso chifukwa choperekera zitsanzo zonse ndikukhumudwitsa chilichonse mwatsatanetsatane.

Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti malingaliro ndi mphatso yapadera yomwe siimodzi yokha kwa munthu yekhayo, iyi ndi njira yamaganizo yomwe imatilola kudziwa kuti dziko lapansi lizitizungulira. Ubongo umawerenga zidziwitso kuchokera kunja, kusanthula, kumafotokoza zinazake.

Kumayambiriro kwa moyo wa munthu wina, njira zamalingaliro zimawoneka ngati zosavuta komanso zoyambirira, koma monga kukula komanso okhwima kumakulirakulira. Zomwe zimapezeka pakapita nthawi zimapangitsa kuti ugawike ndi kufotokozera mwachidule, kupanga ndi kulingalira, kapangidwe ndi kupanga, pangani ndi kupanga , pangani seti yopanda malire ndi kuphatikiza zomwe zikuchitika m'dziko lapansi. Koma maziko a machitidwe onsewa ndi mwayi woganiza munthuyu. Ndipo mu psychology pali lingaliro lotere ngati chipongwe choganiza, momwe limagawikira mitundu ndi mitundu, kutchulidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana malinga ndi mawonekedwe ena.

Kupatula

Nkhani yapadera yophunzira mu psychology ndi gulu komanso chikhalidwe cha kuganiza. Pali magome ambiri owoneka omwe amafa zambiri pamutuwu. Mochuluka mwawo ndizovuta kudziwa ndi kumvetsetsa za tanthauzo lenileni la dongosolo lovuta ili. Tiyeni tiwonepo magulu angapo oyambira omwe ofufuza amamvera mwapadera. Mitundu yayikulu yoganiza:

Ndi okhutira

Gululi likuphatikiza:

• othandiza kwambiri;
• zooneka ngati;
• nkhani ndi zothandiza;
• Malingaliro omveka.

Malinga ndi mtundu wa ntchito

Kuganiza kungakhale:

• zachiwerewere;
• Zothandiza.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kulingalira

Pali mitundu yotereyi:

• kusanthula;
• okonda;
• zotheka;
• asilitimin;
• Egontrocentric.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zikalata

Mwina:

• zopindulitsa;
• Kubereka, nthawi zina kumatchedwa okhazikika.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kusakhazikika

Pali mitundu yotereyi:

• chotsutsana;
• osagwirizana.

Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake

Mitundu:

• wamwamuna;
• mkazi;
• zabwino;
• zoipa;
• Mosaka;
• zabwino;
• zopanda pake;
• zomveka;
• kusanthula;
• Kuluma ndi dzanja lamanzere;
• Zochita.

Asayansi amaimilira ndi mitundu yambiri ya kuganiza, kutengera ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya anthu, boma lake, malingaliro adziko, zenizeni, ndi zina.

Mtundu uliwonse wa mitunduwu uyenera kusamala ndi psychology payokha, koma tingoganizira za zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa.

Ndi okhutira

Chimodzi mwa mitundu ya kusankhana kwambiri ndi akatswiri amisala amatchulidwa ndi zomwe zili. Gululi limaphatikizaponso zowoneka, zophiphiritsa, zophiphiritsa, zomveka bwino komanso zomveka.

• Mwachidziwikire kuganiza bwino . Aliyense, akukumana ndi zenizeni, amayambitsa mawonekedwe amtunduwu. Amayang'ana kwambiri za kuzindikira kwa zinthu. Zochita zoterezi ndizodziwika bwino zaubwana ndipo zimayamba kuyambira paukhanda. Mwana wina yemwe sangaganize, amalankhula ndi kuchita china chake ngati munthu wamkulu, amaphunzira dziko mothandizidwa ndi zoyeserera ndi zoyeserera zosiyanasiyana. Amayesa dziko lapansi makamaka mano ake, kuwakwapula, agogomeza wina ndi mnzake, nthawi zina amasweka. Chifukwa chake, kukwaniritsa zowunikira, ndikupanga zonona zina ndi zinthu, munthu wachinyamata amaphunzira dziko lapansi ndipo amaganiza kaye zoyambirira kuchokera kwa omwe adapeza. Mu boma, mosazindikira bwino ndi mawonekedwe a ogwira ntchito.
• Chifanizo . Zimakhazikitsidwa pazithunzi zowoneka. Zimayamba kukula ana kuyambira pakati pa m'badwo wasukulu yapulo, ndizopambana mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka zoyambirira. Mkulu komanso moyo wonse wa moyo umakhala woganiza bwino. Chogogomezera pankhaniyi chimapangidwa kuti chikuyimira zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zochitika, zinthu zina, komanso kusandulika kwawo kosiyanasiyana ndikusintha m'malingaliro a anthu.
• Kuganiza Zoyenera . Pa malingaliro a chilengedwechi, munthu amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro abodza, osasokonezeka, osasintha. Njirayi imachitika pa unyolo wotsatirawu: kuzindikira, kumvetsetsa, kumvetsetsa, kuwongolera. Ndiye kuti, munthu, podzimvetsetsa yekha ndiye tanthauzo, tanthauzo ndi tanthauzo la china chake, chifukwa cha china chake chokhudza zinthu, zochitika, zokhala ndi zinthu zopanda anthu ena.
• Kuganiza bwino Ndi mawonekedwe kwa anthu omwe adamangidwa ndikupitiliza kumanga dziko lapansi. Amabwera ndi malingaliro, kuwazindikira iwo zenizeni.

Mitundu iyi yamitundu ino ngati njira mu magawo ayika njira ya chitukuko cha anthu kuchokera kwa chimbudzi ndipo lisanapangidwe mokwanira ngati munthu.

Malinga ndi mtundu wa ntchito

Payokha, akatswiri azamisala amafotokoza mitundu ya maluso amisala malinga ndi momwe zolinga zake zimachitikira komanso ntchito zomwe zinachitikira.

• Kuganiza kwamphamvu . Malamulo omwe alipo, malamulo, malingaliro, malingaliro, masewera olimbitsa thupi - ndi zina zambiri zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wowunikira zomwe mungafufuze komanso kuti mupange mtundu watsopano.
• Kuganiza Kwambiri - Maganizo osiyanasiyana. Kwa iye, mawonekedwe omwewo amadziwika, koma ndi ilo, gawo lalikulu lidzaseweredwa poyang'ana malingaliro oyeserera, osati chiphunzitso.
• Kuganiza Kothandiza . Chilichonse ndi chosavuta apa: zipatso za chiphunzitsocho zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita, kufufuzidwa. Mapulogalamu onse, malingaliro, njira, njira, zolinga zimasinthira malingaliro mwazomwe zimachitika. Chifukwa cha malingaliro amtunduwu, lingaliro lochokera pazomwe limachita pochita mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kulingalira

Kuganizira - kudziyang'ana yekha, mkati mwako, mkati mwanga, mwakuya, komanso chifukwa cha zomwe akuchita ndi zomwe akudziwa.

Kuvula pa lingaliro ili, akatswiri amisala azindikira gulu lina.

• Kuganizira . Imatha kulekanitsa zinthu, zochitika, zinthu zina ndi mavuto mbaliyo, zikuwunikira komanso kuphunzira kwambiri zofunika kwambiri kuposa zomwe. Timachita, kuyerekezera, timapeza maubwenzi a causal, timazindikira, pezani chinthu chachikulu ndikulimbana ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chifukwa cha luso lolimba. Njira ya ntchito yotereyi ndi yayitali komanso yosasintha.
• Kulingalira Kufikira pang'ono ndi antipode wa kusatsegula, chifukwa imadutsa mwachangu komanso mosazindikira. Palibe zomveka kapena kusanthula kapena kufotokozera zina moyenera pazomwe zimapangitsa munthu kuzindikira nthawi ya kulingalira.
• Kuganiza Koona . Palibe umboni - palibe chikhulupiriro. The kuzindikira moyenera zenizeni amapereka munthu mwayi ndikuganiza sensitly, mwabwinobwino, mokwanira ndi zomveka. Mu njira imeneyi ndondomeko lingaliro, munthu kuthetsa zoyembekezera zawo ndi zokhumba, iye amayankha m'dzikoli yekha pamaso pa chenicheni, choonadi ndi chilungamo kutsutsa.
• maganizo Autistical M'malo mwake, amaika zilakolako zabodza kuti mutu wa pa ngodya, mwakuwoneka lolondola ndi zotheka, ngakhale ali ndi zolondola. Palibe ziyenera yovuta zenizeni mu mtundu uwu wa maganizo. Anthu amenewa yosungira m'maganizo ndi amapezeka malangizo luso ntchito ndi zaluso.
• maganizo wodzikonda Analimbikitsa ana ndi akulu ndi overpriced kudzidalira, amaika azidzidalira, kumalire pathological kudzikonda chikondi. Ana, ichi si chinthu zachilendo, monga iwo amaganiza kuti dziko padziko lonse ali onsewo kokha kuzungulira iwo. cholinga Ana lili likulu la dziko lonse, ndipo zonse zimachitika amaona okha ku malo a imaonetsa "Ine".

akulu wodzikonda ndi kumvetsa bwino za dziko ndi lokha kale ankaona vuto maganizo kapena incractive khalidwe mzere.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zikalata

Malinga ndi digiri ya zachilendo ndipo apachiyambi, malo osiyana akapatsidwa kulenga (zipatso) ndi ubereki chifanizo cha chikumbumtima.

• maganizo zipatso Amasankha munthu monga Mlengi. Apa udindo waukulu imagwiridwa ndi maganizo anthu, m'maganizo. Ndi kulenga anthu amene angathe kulenga maganizo atsopano ndi ntchito kale lonse. Iwo kupanga ndi wapadera mwamtheradi ndi choyambirira cha tsogolo chuma ndi zinthu zauzimu cha ntchito yawo. mfundo zatsopano ndi images, palibe mfundo mofanana ndi mfundo - onsewa ali zipatso za ntchito ya chikumbumtima kulenga.
• maganizo ubereki - zosiyana ndi waphindu. Mtundu wa kudziŵa chokhazikika pa kale kupezeka yomalizidwa njira, images, magwero dziko ndi zidindo. The anasiya m'maganizo kulenga ndi cholinga okha pa kubwezeretsa wodziwitsa kale analandira amadziwika mtundu wa maganizo. Dziwani kuti anthu ndi mtundu ubereki kudziwa zambiri ndi khalidwe introverted.

Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kusakhazikika

Kuthetsa gulu la mtundu maganizo malinga ndi mlingo wa umasinthasintha.

Apa zonse chafotokozedwa wosavuta.

• maganizo umasinthasintha Munthu imayendetsedwa ndi chikumbumtima ndipo chifuniro, zinakhala bwanji kwathunthu ulamuliro wake.
• maganizo ukubwera , m'malo mwake, m'malo mwake, sizimamvera zoyesayesa za chifuniro cha munthuyo. Mawu onse odziwika bwino a "Chitani Makina" Kuzindikira kosagwirizana kumayenderana ndi zovuta za anthu pazomwe anthu amamvera ndi zochitika komanso zovuta zosiyanasiyana, ndiye kuti, zimachitika chifukwa chomvera zinthu zakudziko lozungulira.

Kutengera mawonekedwe anu

Gawani gulu lalikulu la magulu oganiza, kutengera ndi mawonekedwe a munthu aliyense, zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wina wa chidziwitso ndi kuzindikira kwa dziko.

• Malingaliro Amuna . Amakhulupirira kuti amuna amaganiza moyenera komanso molunjika, amagwira ntchito mwanzeru ndi mitundu yosaina ndi machitidwe, monga lamulo, njirayi imakhala yolinganiza. Amuna amasiyanitsa malingaliro ndi malingaliro. M'malingaliro awo, malingaliro awo amawoneka bwino kwambiri pa kusintha kwa malingaliro mu bizinesi. Malinga ndi mmodzi mwa mabaibulo, chifukwa chakuti pali mtundu wa mawonekedwe a Lesake ndi kukonza chidziwitso mu ubongo wa abambo. Kumanzere kumanzere ndi udindo wolankhula, zomveka, kusanthula, ntchito zokhala ndi manambala, mndandanda, etc. mwa akazi, mahekiti oyenera amagwiritsa ntchito zambiri. Kudziwa bwino mutu kumapereka malingaliro oganiza bwino, olowerera, utoto, wokonza bwino.
• Kuganiza Kwa Akazi Ili ndi kufanana kwake ndi malingaliro odalirika. Kumva malingaliro abwino kwa zogonana nthawi zonse kumakhala koyamba, nthawi zambiri pamalingaliro ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana zimachokera pazomvera komanso matebulo. Nthawi zina mawonekedwe amatenga mkazi, ndipo malingaliro ake amatha kusintha pamodzi ndi kusintha kwazosintha. Uku ndikulongosola za kuwonekera nthawi zambiri, koma akatswiri azamankhwala satsutsana kuti azimayi alibe tanthauzo lililonse kapena lopanga. M'malo mwake, nthawi zina, azimayi amawonetsetsa zochepa kuposa amuna, kuthekera kopenda, kulinganiza ndikukwaniritsa momwe zinthu ziliri.
• Kulingalira . Apa tikulankhula za chiyembekezo. Anthu omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe amtunduwu amakonda, ngakhale ngakhale panali zopinga, kuona mipata yokwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Umunthu woterewu nthawi zonse uzikhala wosakhazikika, womwe umatha, koposa zonse, modekha, kuti ayesetse vutolo ndi kuona bwino.
• Kuganiza Zoyipa Kuchuluka kwa anthu. Nthawi zonse amakhala osasangalala ndi moyo, kudandaula nthawi zonse za izi, kuwona kulikonse komanso zopinga zonse zosasokoneza, potero kuchititsa chifundo ndi chisoni.
• Malingaliro Oganiza . Ngati mumakonda kupanga mapulani apamwamba kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo fotokozerani zoneneratu, zimatanthawuza kuti ndinu woganiza bwino. Pamaganiziridwa ndi cholinga, kuwunika bwino njira yopindulira ndipo sanathe kuchepetsa anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro abwino a dziko lapansi ndi ilo - awa ndi atsogoleri ochita bwino.
• Kulingalira Zabwino . Lingaliro labwino la dziko lapansi ndi akatswiri okonda. Kupanga mtundu wabwino padziko lonse lapansi m'malingaliro Ake, amamutengera zenizeni. Monga lamulo, molakwika zimachitika, ndipo munthuyo amakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri, amakana kutenga dziko monga momwe aliri, opanda ungwiro komanso osakhala abwino.
• Kuganiza kosamveka . Anthu osamveka bwino amaganiza zomveka bwino, kuuza zochitika molakwika za zochitika komanso zochitika zina, sangathe kufotokozera chifukwa chomwe amabwera munjira zosiyanasiyana, koma ndi izi ndikukhulupirira kuti akuwongolera omwe akuwonetsa kuti ali ndi chikhulupiriro chawo chosamveka. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala za matenda a schizoid.
• Kuganiza bwino . Zotsutsana, zowona, chidziwitso, maluso, malingaliro, malingaliro, malingaliro ndi maziko omwe amathetsa munthu yemwe amalimbikitsa munthu wanzeru. Zowoneka, malingaliro, zokumana nazo pazinthu zoterezi zilibe kanthu. Amakhala ndi malingaliro abwino komanso osakhwima, momveka bwino komanso kuthetsa ntchitoyo ndikupeza njira yothandiza.
• Kuganizira . Munthu wofufuzayo amaphunzira chilichonse chomwe chimachitika pomuzungulira sichitha kuthamangira, ndikuganiza za zonse, zomwe sizingasinthe zomwe zikuchitika, kuyambira nthawi zonse sizingakhale zomveka bwino.
• Kupanga kuganiza . Patulani mfundo, deta yobalalika, zowonjezera zomwe sizili vuto kwa munthu yemwe ali ndi malingaliro omwewo. Iye amacheza ndi chithunzi chokwanira komanso chomveka bwino, kutola zidutswa. Ndipo ntchito zovuta ngati sizili zowopsa.

Kuganiza Kosazindikira

Malowa mu psychology ndi lingaliro loterolo ngati lingaliro losazindikira. Zimatanthawuza njira yodziwira anthu ozungulira dziko lonse lapansi mosazindikira. Osadziwa kuti ndi opambana kwathunthu, sawongoleredwa Ndipo palibe wokha. Imasonkhanitsidwa ndikusungidwa kwathunthu chidziwitso chonsecho, werengani kuchokera kunja kudutsa moyo wa munthu. Mutha kufananiza ndi kusonkhanitsa tsatanetsatane wa wopanga, izi zimangochitika zokha, mosasamala kanthu za kufuna kwathu komanso chidwi.

Zambiri zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa mu chikumbumtima zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika kuwonekera . Zotsatira za Ntchito Yoganizira - Amatengedwa mwadzidzidzi ndi lingaliro la munthu . Tikuganiza kuti mwanjira ina yomwe timachita, chifukwa nthawi yayitali ndipo ikuyesetsa kusinthana ndi izi, koma musakayikire zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwa sazindikira izi. Monga mbali ina ya mwezi, kuganiza kosazindikira ndi malo osagwirizana kwambiri komanso odziwika bwino kwambiri m'maganizo mwa anthu.

Ndikofunika kunena kuti zimayamba kukhala ndi ana a m'badwo wasukulu zasukulu, zikugwira pakati pa ophunzira ang'ono ndipo makamaka amalamulira oyambirira.

Njira zodziwitsa mtundu wa kuganiza

Mu psychology pali njira zingapo zodziwira mtundu wa kuganiza, mtundu wamunthu. Nthawi zambiri chifukwa chaichi amagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyesera . Mayeso adapangidwa ndi akatswiri azamakatswiri odziwa masewera olimbitsa thupi kutengera kafukufuku wautali, kutolera ndi kuwongolera komanso kuwongolera zinthu za mtundu uliwonse wa nzeru zamtundu uliwonse. Chimodzi mwa mayesowa chidapangidwa molingana ndi njira ya katswiri wazamaphunziro aku America, wofufuza wamkulu kwambiri wa njira za kutchuka kwa Jerome Brison.

Palinso njira "yoganiza", yomwe idapangidwa ndi katswiri wazamisala wa Galina Rezalmu, yomwe ikufunsidwa kuti iyankhe "inde" kapena "ayi" pazinthu zingapo. Pambuyo pake, zambiri zimawerengedwa pamusi woperekedwa - zimamveka bwino mtundu wanji womwe munthu ali nawo.