Hovawart ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya agalu achi Germany. Nyama zimakhala ndi Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri komanso nthawi yomweyo ochezeka kwambiri ndi eni ake. Poyamba, mtunduwo udadziwika kokha kudziko lakwawo ndipo pokhapokha tsopano akuyamba kutchuka ku mayiko aku Europe ndi ku Europe. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mbiri yochokera kwa agalu oterowo, kutentha kwawo, komanso zoyambira za chisamaliro.
Mbiri Yabwino
Hovawart imawerengedwa ngati mtundu wakale wa agalu. Zidziwitso zoyambirira zokhudzana ndi zidapezeka mu 1274, ngakhale kuti kuvomerezedwa kovomerezeka kunachitika pambuyo pake - mu 1959. Pochotsa, kubereka monga Hungary Kuvas, Newfomberland ndipo Leonberger adagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'malemba a XIII, pali kutchulanso za agalu oyang'anira, amatchedwa KHIVIVART kapena HOFWArt.
Dzina la mtunduwo limatha kutanthauziridwa kuti "khothi" kapena "mlonda wa anthu.
Mu 1473, agalu adazindikiridwa ku Germany ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri. Udindo wa nyama ukhoza kupeza chifukwa cha chilengedwe ndi luntha. Agalu anali ndi mikhalidwe yabwino yosaka, komanso imasiyananso pakupanga zisankho zofunika panthawi yomweyo. Pali ambiri omwe amatchulidwa m'mabuku azaka mazana angapo.
Mwachitsanzo, m'Bukuda lakale la 1274, zochitika zomwe zidachitika 1210 zidafotokozedwa. Pa nthawi ya malo achitetezo a Germany pafupi ndi anthu akumpoto, mwini nyumbayo adapatsa moyo wachinyamata kwa mwana wamwamuna kwa chiweto chake, yemwe anali woimira miyala ya hova. Mwanayo adalumikizidwa ndi apolisi, pomwe nyama idamasulidwa kunja kwa linga. Agalu adapulumutsa moyo wa mnyamatayo, adatsogolera kupita kunkhondo kumaso.
M'mbiri yonseyi, mtunduwo wapezeka kuti palibe kusintha kwina. Ngati timalankhula za oimira amakono a aryavalov, ndiye kuti Kurt ndi Bertram Köning adapereka chothandizira kwambiri. Kuyamba kwa nthawi yobwezeretsa ndi 1915. Otsatsa adasankhidwa kukhala oimira wamphamvu kwambiri zamtunduwu, kuwawoloka ndikuchita ntchito yolima ana.
Nazale woyamba wawonekera mu 1922, ndipo mu Marichi 1937 woimira wangwiro wa mtunduwo adabadwa, malinga ndi obereketsa. Mwana wamwamuna amatchedwa Castor, mikhalidwe yagalu iyi imawerengedwa kuti ndiofanana komanso mpaka pano. Kuchokera pagon, malita 32 adapezeka, koma nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse idayambika pathanthwe. Pafupifupi oimira onse abwino amtunduwu adamwalira.
Gawo latsopano la kubwezeretsa linayamba mu 1949. Pa gawo la Germany, agalu adalembetsedwa monga ntchito mu 1959. Komabe, kuzungulira dziko lapansi, mtunduwo umadziwika mu 1964 lokha.
Kaonekeswe
Hovavart amatanthauza mitundu yapakatikati, yokhala ndi kusiyana koonekera motengera kugonana. Nyama zambiri zimatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera kukula - Ndikofunikira kuti thupi la ziweto ndizofanana. Amuna akuluakulu amuna oposa miyezi 7 atha 40-45 Kilogalamu, ndi mabatani - makilogalamu 35-40.
Kukula kumayesedwa mwa kufota komanso molingana ndi muyeso mwa amuna, kumatha kusiyanasiyana ndi masentimita 60 mpaka 70. Agalu achikazi amatha kukula kuyambira 58 mpaka 65 masentiresi. Kutalika kwa thupi kumadalira kutalika kwa nyama ndikuyenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro kuyambira 110% mpaka 115%. Chophimba cha ubweya mu agalu ndi chandiweyani, ndi tsitsi lalitali ngati lalitali.
Ubweya wautali kwambiri mu nyama uli mmalo amimba, kumbuyo kwa miyendo, komanso mchira ndi chifuwa. Pali malo ochepa osalanda.
Mitundu itatu yokhayool imavomerezedwa mwadongosolo.
- Mtundu wakuda wakuda Popanda chilichonse chokhudza mthunzi.
- Chikasu - Mtundu wa ubweya wa ubweya. Imaloledwa pa thupi la magawo oyipa pachifuwa ndi m'mimba. Mtundu uwu umatha kutchedwa kuwala-ofiira.
- Wakuda komanso wowoneka bwino. Mtundu wofala ndi wakuda, mawanga a pallet amatha kukhala pankhope, pachifuwa, pazanga ndipo pafupi ndi mchira.
Chigaza agalu ndi champhamvu kwambiri, chokhala ndi gawo lalikulu. Makutuwa ali ndi mawonekedwe atatu ndipo amaikidwa kwambiri, kuluma kumatanthauza mtundu wa "lumo". Phokoso limakhala pafupifupi kutalika kofanana ndi chigaza. Kukula kwa khosi mu agalu ndi sing'anga, khungu limayandikana kwambiri. Thupi lokhala ndi mtunduwo ndi lamphamvu, lokhala ndi msana wolunjika.
Chifuwa ndi champhamvu, kutsogolo kwa thupi kumangolekeredwa pang'ono ndipo kumakhala ndi kukula kwake.
Mchira wam'taliyu umafika pamtengowo pansi pa gulu lazovuta zolumikizira miyendo yakumbuyo, yomwe imatchedwa chisangalalo. Ubweya pa ilo ndi yayitali komanso yandiweyani. Kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa minyewa komanso molunjika. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, ndipo zala ndizokakamizidwa kwa wina ndi mnzake. Mu agalu amtundu wakuda uyenera kukhala mtundu womwewo.
Zabwino ndi zovuta
Monga mitundu yonse ya agalu, hovavat ili ndi maubwino ake komanso zovuta. Ubwino wa nyama umaphatikizapo izi:
- Oimira mtundu uwu ndi ochezeka komanso odzipereka kwambiri kwa mwiniwake;
- Luso labwino kuphunzira, chifukwa cha luntha lalikulu;
- Agalu safunikira chisamaliro mosamala, motero ndioyenera kusungabe amuna obereketsa agalu.
Ponena za mitsinje ya mtundu, ndiye kuti yoyamba iyenera kutchulidwa Mtengo wokwera puhnkov . Kuphatikiza apo, posankha chiweto, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa kusamala kwa chisamaliro, monga kusanthula kulikonse ndi zakunja kumaonedwa kuti ukwati. Komanso, zovuta zimaphatikizapo mkhalidwe wodziyimira pawokha: ngakhale kuti anthu okhala mayava amaphunzirira mosavuta, nthawi zonse amakonda kusankha okha okha, ndipo osachitapo kanthu mwa lamulo.
Mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe
Hovawarts ndi alonda abwino kwambiri, koma nthawi yomweyo sataya mkwiyo. Nyama zimasiyanitsidwa ndi psyche yokhazikika, amatha kutanthauza zoopsa ndipo sizivuta ndi zolaula popanda kuganiza. Oimira mtundu uwu ndi anzeru kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mikhalidwe yonse ya mtsogoleri.
M'malo ovuta, agalu oterowo amakhala okonzeka kuteteza munthu ndi nyumba.
Hovawrts ndi anzanu abwino ndipo amamangirira mwini wake mwachangu. Agalu oterewa amachedwa. Thupi ndi psyche ya Havarov pamapeto pake zimangopangidwa kokha ndi chaka chachiwiri cha moyo. Ziweto ndizogwira ntchito ndipo zimafunikira kuyenda pafupipafupi ndi masewera akunja. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusiya chiweto chokha ndi mwana, chifukwa nyamayo imatha kuvulaza kunyalanyaza. Kukhala ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso kukhala ndi makopedwe ake, galuyo amagogoda mwangozi mwana wa miyendo.
Chifukwa cha kudziyimira pawokha, mtundu woterewu umafunikira maphunziro oyenera. Kupanda kutero, galu wopanda nsalu komanso wosakhazikika amatha kukula mu mwana.
Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiririka kuti ngakhale anthu omwe abweretsedwa bwino ndikuphunzitsidwa, nthawi zambiri, popanga zisankho zidzayang'ana kwambiri malingaliro awo, osati kwa gulu la Master.
Kondani galuyo azikhala wachibale aliyense, koma lingalirani za mwini wakeyo ndikumvera - m'modzi yekha. Pokhudzana ndi chiweto, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa chikondi ndi ulemu, apo ayi nyamayo imatha kukhumudwitsidwa kwambiri ndipo ngakhale mutadzitsekera yekha.
Huvavartarts mosavuta kusintha kwa malo, kuti atengere okha kuti apumule. Pagulu la nyama zina, nthumwi za mtundu uwu zimawonetsa bwino utsogoleri utsogoleri utsogoleri ndi kuteteza gawo. Chifukwa chake, momwe zatopa ndizosavuta kukhalabe ndi nthumwi za mitundu imeneyo, yomwe mwa chikhalidwe chawo safuna kutsogolera.
Munthu amene anasankha kuyambitsa hovaWart, ayenera kukumbukiridwa kuti munthu aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi zikhalidwe.
Komanso, machitidwe a chiweto sangatsatire bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha maphunziro olakwika. Komabe, chibadwa cha chitetezo cha agalu chija chidzakhalapobe mulimonsemo, chifukwa umayikidwa mwachilengedwe.
Okhala ndi malamulo
Malo oyenera kwambiri pazomwe zili za ayaphartov adzakhala nyumba yaimwini. Ndikwabwino kupangira gawo la galu m'gawo loyandikana nalo. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ndizosatheka kubzala zoyimira izi pa unyolo. Mutha kusunga chiweto mu aviary, koma osati nthawi zonse, chifukwa nyamayi imafunikira ufulu woyenda.
Hovawrts amathanso kukhala m'gululo, pamene amangokhala chete komanso kulekererana pamayendedwe.
Komabe, chiweto chimafunikira Kuchuluka kwa chidwi kuchokera kwa eni ake ndikuyenda pafupipafupi. Ndikofunikira kuyenda ndi nyama tsiku lililonse ndipo makamaka osachepera 2 maola. Ndikofunika kusankha malo oyenera kuti ikhale yotheka kuti alole HuvaVart kuthawa popanda kutulutsa ndi kupumwa. Mukamayenda, galuyo ayenera kuchotsedwa ntchito, zomwe zingalole kukhala ndi thanzi komanso psyche nthawi zambiri.
Zoyenera kudyetsa?
Mukamakula chakudya cha HOVAVAR, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti menyu iyenera kukhala yabwino. Galu ayenera kulandira zinthu zonse tsiku lililonse momwe mungafunire pakukula ndi chitukuko. Choyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa chiweto ndi zinthu zomwezi, zomwe galu adadyetsedwa kubusa. Sinthani pa menyu ndipo nthawi yodyetsa iyenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono.
Pakachitika kudyetsa sikuyenera kuyimirira mbale ndi chakudya nthawi zonse. Kudyetsa ndikofunikira kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi imodzi, pambuyo pake ndikofunikira kuchotsa zotsalazo za zinthu zomwe galu sanadye. Ndikulimbikitsidwanso kutanthauza kutentha kwa chakudya - zinthu ziyenera kukhala zotentha.
Kufikira kwamuyaya pa chiweto kuyenera kukhala madzi oyera okha. Iyenera kusinthidwa osachepera kawiri pa tsiku.
Muyenera kudya nyama mutayenda, osati kwa iwo. Chinthucho ndichakuti mukamakambirana agalu a chakudya ndi osafunika kulimbikitsa chidwi cha thupi. Makina odyetsa makamaka amadalira zaka za chiweto ndi mkwiyo wake. Ana agalu amadyetsa osachepera kasanu ndi kamodzi pa tsiku. Pang'onopang'ono, kudyetsa pafupipafupi kumayenera kuchepetsedwa. Patatha miyezi 9, agalu nthawi zambiri amamasuliridwa pazakudya za nthawi ya maola awiri.
Zoyenera kuthandizira pamenyu?
Palibe mndandanda womveka wa agalu, ndipo zakudya za nyama iliyonse zimatha kumezedwa payekha. Mutha kudyetsa nyamayo kudyetsa ndi chakudya chachilengedwe. Chofunika pakudyetsa sikusakaniza mitundu iyi yazinthu izi.
Ngati mukufuna kupereka chakudya chowuma, ndiye Chiwerengero cha zakudya wamba mu zakudya ziyenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka 30%. Nyengo zomalizidwa ziyenera kukhala zabwino komanso zoyenera kupangidwa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhala ndi mapangidwe owuma ndikuthana ndi mtundu umodzi.
Ponena za zinthu zachilengedwe, Choyamba, galu amafunikira nyama. Nyama zake zimalangizidwa kuti zipatse fomu yaiwisi kuti ikhale yabwinobwino pankhani ya protein. Ndi bwino kupatsa ng'ombe ya ziweto ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mafuta a mafuta mitundu amatha kusokoneza dongosolo la nyamayo, ndipo limasiyidwa ndi thupi.
Nyama imatha kusinthana ndi nsomba zam'nyanja ndi nsomba zopanda nyanja. Kwa nyama, mutha kuphika mbewu chifukwa chogona, mwachitsanzo, yoyala kapena oatmeal.
Mu pharridge mutha kuwonjezera masamba atsopano amasamba, monga kaloti, nkhaka kapena zukini. Anthu ena amakonda zotsekemera, koma zitha kukhala zothandiza kwa iwo ngati amapanga zipatso zina. Amatha kupatsidwa galu pokhapokha ngati chakudya komanso zazing'ono. Itha kukhala maapulo, nthochi, mapeyala, mavwende ndi otero. Imaloledwa kupatsa zipatso pamodzi ndi zipatso.
Zinthu zokhala ndi zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa, mutha kudyetsa chiweto chopitilira katatu pa sabata. Palibe chifukwa choti musaphatikizidwe ndi nyama, masamba kapena zipatso.
Kwa agalu, mazira amathandizanso, koma zazing'ono komanso zosaposa katatu pa sabata. Chifukwa cha ziweto, ziweto ndizofunikira nthawi zina zimakhala ndi mafupa atsopano, koma samagwiritsa ntchito thupi lililonse. Ndikwabwino kugula galu ngati njira yopewera marities Mankhwala okhazikika m'malo ogulitsira ziweto.
Zoletsedwa
Agalu sangathe kupatsidwa confectionery, monga buns kapena chokoleti. Kugwiritsa ntchito maswiti nthawi zonse kumatha kubweretsa chiweto ku vuto ndi kulemera, komanso kuyambitsa matenda a shuga. Kukhala ndi nyama zophika ndizosatheka. Imaloledwa kudyetsa galu pang'ono zidutswa zazing'ono zouma.
Kwa nyama, zinthu ngati khofi ndi zovulaza, chifukwa chake zopangidwa ndi zakumwa zomwe zili momwemo zimasiyidwanso ku chakudya.
Kupanda kutero, manjenje ndi mtima wamanjenje ndi mtima. Zipatso zina zimaphatikizidwa kwa agalu - Choyamba, awa onse ndi a malalanje. Kwa nyama, zakudya zonenepa kwambiri ndizowopsa, komanso bowa. Palibe chifukwa cholephera kumwa mowa kapena mavitamini owonjezera omwe adapanga anthu.
Kodi Mungasamalire Bwanji?
Ngakhale kuti mayandads amakhala ndi ubweya wautali komanso wokongola, safunikira chisamaliro chovuta. Chophimba cha ubweya cha oimira izi chili ndi mawonekedwe obwezera madzi ndi kupewa kuipitsidwa. Nyama sizifunikira kusamba nthawi iliyonse mutayenda. Kusamba pafupipafupi, m'malo mwake, kumatha kuvulaza chiweto. Madzi osasokoneza momwe khungu limakhudzira khungu, sudanda.
Muyenera kutsuka mabwinja pokhapokha ngati chikho chake cholosera kapena chidzachokera ku icho kununkhira kosasangalatsa.
Posambira muyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito Njira zapadera za agalu okwera tsitsi. Pambuyo pa njira zamadzi, muyenera kupukusa galuyo mosamala ndi thaulo kuti muchotse madzi ochulukirapo kuchokera ku chivundikiro chaubweya. Kotero kuti ubweya sisakhutire, ndikofunikira Nthawi ndi nthawi. Njirayi ndiyokwanira kuchita 2 kawiri pa sabata . Munthawi yosungunuka, chiweto chimakhala makamaka tsiku lililonse kuchotsa tsitsi lochulukirapo.
Sikuyenera kudula ubweya wa tsitsi. Kupatula ndi masitayilo, ndiye kuti malowa pafupi ndi zala.
Kugwirizanitsa ubweya wautali wazaka zapakati pa zala kumafunikira nthawi yozizira, ndipo amachita koyamba chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa galuyo. Ngati simuchotsa tsitsi lalitali, adzatsanulira chipale pakuyenda.
Yankho lapadera kuchokera kwa arsavatsov safuna kungophimba chivundikiro cha ubweya chokha, komanso makutu ndi nsagwada. Pofuna kuwoneka ndi magwiridwe a materies ndi mapangidwe amiyala mano, agalu amalimbikitsidwa kugula mafupa apadera m'masitolo. Ndikofunika kuti muyeretse mano anu nthawi zambiri pogwiritsa ntchito burashi yapadera ndi mano agalu.
Kuyeretsa makutu kuyenera kupangidwa kamodzi pa sabata. Poyeretsa, mutha kugula zokolola zapadera m'malo ogulitsira ziweto kapena chipatala cha choluka.
Ndikofunika kuyang'ana makutu tsiku ndi tsiku kuti adziwe kukhalapo kwa majeremusi kapena chiyambi cha matendawa ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo.
Komanso kunyumba iyenera kupezeka nyimbo zoyeretsa maso. Maso amaso ndikofunikira kusamalira kokha monga kofunikira pankhani ya kuipitsidwa. Momwemo limakhalira m'malo ovuta ndi othamanga omwe angasokoneze chiweto. Ndikofunikira kuyambira wazaka zazing'ono kuti aphunzitse chiweto kupita kumeta tsitsi.
Maphunziro ndi Maphunziro
M'mbuyomu, kufunikira kwa kulera ndi maphunziro a oyimira mwalawo kale. Ngati simukuphunzira mukaphunzira chiweto kuyambira ndili mwana, ndiye kuti amatha kukhala wopanda nkhawa komanso wosasintha. Mwanayo atangolowa mnyumbayo, ayenera kuvomerezedwa ku dzina lake, malo ake ndikuyenda odulira.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti Madrid Crowta kutalika kuposa nthumwi za mitundu ina ya agalu. Akuluakulu amatha kusunga zina mwa ana agalu ang'ono mpaka zaka 3. Chifukwa chake, pochita maphunziro omwe muyenera kukhala oleza mtima, musakwiyire nyamayo kuti ikhale yosangalatsa komanso ayi silingalangize.
Chiyambire ubwana, hovavart ayenera kumvetsetsa yemwe mwini wake wamkulu. Ngati chiweto sichimaganizira mtsogoleri, chidzakhala choyipa kuphunzira.
Amakhulupirira kuti anthu am'kazi amafulumira kuti aziloweza malangizo, ndipo wamwamuna - amagwiranso malangizo.
Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la galuyo, ndikofunikira kuphunzitsa ndi magulu: "Kenako", "bodza", "kwa ine", "khalani", "Fu", "likuimirira". Malangizo ena a ziweto amatha kukhala osafunafuna kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, "bodza". Hovawarts ndichikhalidwe chawo ndi mtsogoleri ndipo sakonda kukhala pamalo omwe amatanthauza kugonjera kwathunthu.
Thanzi ndi Chiyembekezo cha Moyo
Hovawrts ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira ndipo ulibe matenda obadwa nawo. Mkhalidwe waumoyo umadalira kwambiri zakudya zoyenera komanso chisamaliro choyenera. Kuyembekezera moyo ndi pafupifupi zaka 13. koma Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, Hovavarta amatha kukhala zaka 17, ngakhale kuti mumamva bwino . Monga agalu onse, nthumwi za mtunduwu zimafunikira katemera panthawi yake. Kuphatikiza apo, ziweto nthawi zonse zimayenera kukonzedwa ku helminths ndi majeremusi akhungu.
Pazithunzi za mwala, onaninso zina.