Kukoma kwachikhalidwe komwe kamene kali ndi mbale za ku Uzbek, kumakopa anthu ambiri. Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa, ndipo sizofunika kwenikweni, kuseri kwa zinthu izi pali zaka zambiri zokumana nazo zakale. Mpaka pano, njira zopangira zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazaka zambiri, chifukwa chake zopangidwa ndi GonCharov Uzbekistan ziyenera kusamalira kwambiri.
Zinthu ndi mbiri
Kuyandikira kwa Uzbek Kupanga mbale kumatanthawuza kugwiritsa ntchito dongo losavuta lophika komanso ceramic. Mukugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, yopaka utoto "yopaka" imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mtundu wapamwamba waku Eastern Hamsomment mosagwirizana umawoneka wokha, komanso gawo limodzi la mkati. Kusintha kwa njira ya Uzbek kumalola kupereka chitonthozo komanso chokomera. Masters amadziwa momwe angakwaniritsire kupatukana kwathunthu kwa Motifs.
Zogulitsa za ceramic ndi China ku Uzbekistan zidayamba kuchita ngakhale kulipirira njira yayikulu ya silika. M'mbuyomu, kupanga kwa iwo kudayamba mumzinda wa Roshtean. Wokongoletsera wapamwamba panthawiyo "Pakhta" - chojambulajambula cha maluwa a thonje chimatchedwa. Poyamba, m'mphepete komanso pafupi ndi iye, zonse zing'onozing'ono zimapangidwa mosamalitsa pamanja. Zidapitilira mpaka zaka za zana. Kungoyambira 1920s, kulengedwa mafakitale kumayamba, m'malo mwa zokambirana.
Ntchito zakale zam'manja zomwe zidatsekedwa pang'onopang'ono. M'mbuyomu, pounibenda omwe adalimbikira kapena kusiya luso lawo konse, kapena adawoloka ngati antchito ku mabizinesi akuluakulu. Tsopano pali fakitale yayikulu iwiri - "Asia Paity Centics" ndi Simax F + Z.
Koma fakitale ya porceulat mu tashkent, yomwe idapereka madera ochulukirapo kwazaka zingapo zapitazo, tsopano sizikugwira ntchito. M'mbuyomu, panali mbale, mbalame zomba mbalame. Tsopano mankhwala omwewo amatulutsidwa mu:
- midzi ina ya Uzbekistan;
- CRC;
- Nkhukundembo.
Utoto, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani a Uzbek ya Uzbek, imawoneka kuti imakumbukira zakunja kwa mayi wamakono wamakono. Ndipo izi ndizofanana. Zinthu za stylisti zimatengedwa ndi masters ochokera kumadera akale achi Russia. Zithunzi zongowerenga zokhazokha zidatengedwa kuti wogula wathu.
Zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri zimakondweretsa anthu, ndipo ndi iwo kuti nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa desiki asanafike.
Mitundu yayikulu
Kutumiza pilaf, nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mbale za 4, 5 kapena 6. Kuphatikiza apo, ma kilogalamu omwewo nthawi zambiri amawonjezera mbale yayikulu ndi mainchesi mpaka 0,5 m. Palinso tiyi omwe amapezeka kuti makonda ndi makapu amaphatikizidwa, pomwe tiyi imadzazidwa. Kucheza kwina kumayenera mbale zazikulu kwambiri, komwe kumatchedwa Londa. Amayikidwa pakati pa tebulo.
Diamin ya Langan imasiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 0.1 mpaka 0.3 m. Amatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ena:
- lalikulu;
- bwalo;
- chotupa.
Mawonedwe akale kwambiri a mbale ku Uzbekistan adawonekera ku Khorezma. Pakadali pano, pali zopindika molingana ndi malamulo akale. Makina okhathamira ndi ukadaulo wachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Simungakhale ndi mantha kuti kwinakwake kwamakono, komwe kochitidwa pa utoto wa mankhwala kapena kupanga varnish. Zojambula za mbale za Khorezm zimatanthawuza kugwiritsa ntchito ma penti okhazikika.
Pakati pa iwo, mwalawo umayikidwa. Kukhalapo Kwake ku chiwerengero sikwachilendo kuti ndi chizindikiro chakale chomwe mu nthano chimati kuthekera koteteza eni mbale. Nthawi yomweyo, chitetezo chimangoganiza chabe kwa adani anu okha, komanso ku mavuto onse omwe sagwirizana ndi anthu ena.
Cholinga chofananacho chimazika mizu ya imvi. Itha kupezeka ngakhale pa ceramiki yoposa zaka 2000 zapitazo.
Zokongoletsera za Khorezm zimadziwika bwino, ndipo masteroriwo amapewa chilichonse popanda chosowa kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amakwanitsa kusunga zonunkhira zokongola mosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wina wabwino kwambiri wa ziwiya zakukhitchini ndi "Rishtan". Ceramiki ochita mumzindawu amadziwa zolumikizana padziko lonse lapansi. Sizingowoneka osati ndi zojambula zachilendo, komanso sizimakumana ndi mtundu wa emaradi.
Zida zonse zopangira zimatengedwa mogwirizana kuchokera kuderalo. Palinso zolembera zadongo, ndi zojambula zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chinthu chomalizidwa. Zachidziwikire, zojambulazo sikuti zimangosankhidwa. Mtundu uliwonse wa zinthu zauzimu zopangidwa mu Risian umanyamula tanthauzo lomveka bwino. Ndizotheka kutanthauzanso, kudziwa ndendende chikhalidwe cha anthu a Uzbek. Masters ochokera ku Rishtean amakhulupirira kuti amapezeka kwa dongo labwino kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Palinso lingaliro loti sikuti likufuna kukonzanso. Utoto umapezeka kuchokera ku zitsamba zomwe zikukula pafupi ndi mzinda. Chinsinsi cha osakaniza ndi utoto amasankhidwa kalelo. Ndipo zidutswa za Ceramic monga Rishtan zimatsata kwathunthu kuchuluka kwake.
Koma nthawi yomweyo palibe zopangidwa mu kapangidwe ka zinthu. Khobu lililonse limakhala ndi zinsinsi zake wamba. Chifukwa cha izi, pafupifupi chinthu chilichonse ndichosiyana, ndipo dzanja la wopanga lizindikiritsa akatswiri onse molimba mtima. Ma seti ena a mbale ndi miyala ya tiyi amapangidwa ndi mtundu wakomweko. Mfundo yofunika kuikumbukira ndikuti opanga awo amakana ma atoni awo, ndikupanga mitundu yonse ya mayiko.
Moyo wa Uzbek ndiwosatheka kulingalira wopanda zing'onozing'ono komanso zazikulu. Makapu ngati ali ndi matumbo omwe alibe zolembera amapezeka m'nyumba iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitundu yopanda tanthauzo ya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati brandy ndi vodika. Kuletsa kwa atsogoleri achipembedzo sikunyalanyadwa - komabe zazaka za XXI sizingatheke koma kukhudza. Chokulirapo kuposa mitu, capacitances - Spria kapena Casia (kutengera katchulidwe) - amafunikira msuzi, msuzi wina kapena madzi. Kulavulira kumapanga mfundo zosiyanasiyana. Koma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Langa. Amafunikira chakudya cholimba komanso cholimba. Zakudya zamadzimadzi mu mbalezi sizimayikidwa.
ZOFUNIKIRA: Sindimayenera kutcha nthonda "mbale" - Uzbek iliyonse kapena mgwirizano weniweni umatinyoza, atamva dzina losaphunzira.
Pali mbale zingapo, zakutsogolonso kukumbukira yayan, koma mosiyana ndi iwo dzinalo. M'dzina ili, liwu loti "lanthwe" limaphatikizidwa nthawi imodzi kapena lina. Zimangotanthauza kumasulira kwenikweni kwa "chikho" kapena "chakudya."
- Nim-tovok - kumasulira kuti "kutseguka pang'ono." Kunja, zimawoneka ngati mbale yayikulu yokhala ndi mbali zochepa.
- Tovok Labangarthan - Ndichizolowezi kumasulira ngati "mbale yokhala ndi m'mbali mwake." Ndipo zowona, kuzungulira kuzungulira kumene kwachitika.
- Kutanthauza za tovok - Ziwiya zathyathyathya zopangidwa kuti ziziphika mkate ndi confectionery.
- Miyambo ya Andian Osungunuka kuti azigwiritsa ntchito palov-tovkov. Monga ndikosavuta kulingalira, ndizofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito piritsi. Chinthu cha cholembedwa chotere ndi malo omwe ali pandolo. Mafuta omwe ali pafupi ndi makoma akulu amayenda pansi pa mbale. Chifukwa chake, mutha kusangalala ndi kukoma koyambirira kwa piritsi. Chofunika: Kutanda tashkent, mosiyana ndi andAijan ndi Fergana, Palov-Tovok sagwiritsa ntchito. Mwinanso, amasamva bwino mafuta mwina.
- Ngakhale ku Andiijan ndi m'chigwa cha Frugana chokwanira, azimayi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito . Ichi ndi chakudya chomwe nthawi yomweyo chimagwira ntchito pachimake. Kwenikweni ndikofunikira kuti musadye chakudya patebulo, koma chifukwa cha zosakaniza za aliyense. Kupita ku zakudya za Uzbek, nthawi zambiri mutha kuwona momwe kuphika kumayika m'makodi am'maso-tovok.
Khorezm Modabwitsa alendo ndi othandizira kutulutsa ndi mtundu wina wa zakudya zam'madzi - Badia (katchulidwe kwina kwa thupi). Kuchokera ku Langana Banta ndi kuya kwakukuru kokulirapo komanso kutalika kwa mbali. Khoma lakunja limatha kugawidwa mwachindunji komanso kumbali ya madigiri 85. Koma zosankha zapakatikati zimakumana - ndi chiyero chosalala. Popeza thupi limakonda kuvala mwendo wakwera, akatswiri ena amati wachitika mbali ya azimayi.
Ziwiya zokulirapo dzina la Toora - kwenikweni "mbale" kapena "pelvis". Tauro samangochokera ku ma ceramic okha, koma nthawi zina amachokera zachitsulo. Komabe, iyi si mtundu wina wa mitundu ina ya mbale, koma dzina la ziwiya zazikulu zakuya. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira mukamagula intaneti kapena kuyitanitsa malinga ndi catalog momveka bwino tanthauzo lake. Zida zachitsulo, mosiyana ndi khoma, mulibe mtengo wapadera wokongoletsa.
Ndizosangalatsa
Kuphatikiza pa gulu lonse la mbale za Uzbek, ndikofunikira kudziwa maulendo ena. Ku Rashtan, tchire nthawi zina chimakhala ndi nthenga zokongola kapena nthenga za mbalame. Ma voids opangidwa munthawi yotsatira yomwe ikubwera yothandizira omalizidwa ndikuwonetsetsa kufanana kwa thermos. Kuti mupeze ishkovoy glaze:
- Sungani chomera chomwecho;
- Kutentha;
- Phulusa phulusa kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri 1200 kuti makristalo akuwonekera;
- phulusa la grustalline;
- Sakanizani ndi mchenga wa quartz;
- Onjezani ufa wochepa wa ufa ndi miyala yoyera yopanda zingwe.
Kukula kwa utoto wobiriwira kumapangitsa mkuwa, ndipo cobalt imagwiritsa ntchito buluu. Tini imayikidwa kuti isadende, koma kuti ilimbikitse mafuta.
ZOFUNIKIRA: Tini imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono, chifukwa imatha kukhala yoopsa.
Mosasamala kanthu za zobisika za Chinsinsi ndi zozizwitsa zaukadaulo, zowona "Rishtan" ali ndi ming'alu yaying'ono. Pa iwo amazindikira molondola chinthu choyambirira; Mabodza ndi osavomerezeka ofooka pang'ono.
Bizinesi yayikulu ya Uzbekistan yopanga mbale ndi kampani "Pakhta". Amatero:
- mabelo;
- Zipewa za ma dummies.
- misempha;
- zipatso;
- amapereka zonunkhira;
- mano;
- tsabola;
- Salon;
- Mafuta;
- sasula ndi mbale za saladi;
- Mitengo ya trananger, yamakona, yowongolera.
Onse Zoposa 80 mitundu ya mbale zotere . "Rishtan Cirramics" sakudandaula kumbuyo. Zogulitsa za kampaniyi zimadziwika ndi kuwala ndi kukongola. Amakhala ndi zabwino kwambiri za mbale zachikhalidwe ku Uzbek. Kujambula kumachitika nthawi zonse ndi mtundu womwewo, womwe umakupatsani mwayi wosankha kuchokera pazomwe zakhala zinthu zina popanda mavuto.
Kanema wotsatira womwe mukuyembekezera zabwino ndi zowawa za Uzbek Kazanov, mipeni ndi mbale.