Madzi am'madzi (27): Ndi chiyani? Kodi kalasi yotchuka ndi iti? Kodi chosiyana ndi chiyani? Zojambula ku China, Chingerezi ndi Zakudya za Chijapani

Pakupanga mbale ndi zinthu zakokongoletsa zamkati, zida zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso pornyowa pakati pawo. Kuphatikiza pa masiku onse, lero opanga amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu, mosiyana ndi izi, m'kuwala komwe amawonetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera.

Ndi chiyani?

Nkhaniyi, yotchulidwa motere, ndi zinthu zolimba zaiwisi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti fupa loyera. Zina mwazomwe zimapangidwa ndi dothi lotereli ndizofunikira kuwonetsa zisonyezo zazikulu, komanso zoyera. Zojambula zidawoneka chifukwa chogwira ntchito poyesa kukonzanso forlamula yopanga dziko lonse lotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, zinthu zolimba zopangira zinkayamba kuphatikiza phulusa m'masiku a XVIII, zotsatira zake zinali zolimbikitsa kuchotsedwa kwa mawonekedwe a mafupa a fupa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano.

Zoyenera, zinthu ngati izi ziyenera kupezeka pazinthu monga:

• Dongo loyera - 25%;
• Lupangamu - 25%;
• Zowoneka bwino kwambiri za nyama - 50%.

Zinthu zazikulu, chifukwa chomwe nkhaniyi imasiyana ndi masiku onse, amayamba chifukwa chosowa mkati mwa ma voids, odzazidwa ndi phulusa la mafupa . Mwa zina zakunja, zomwe zidabweretsa mafupa ku China ndizotchuka kwambiri, ndikofunikira kutchulanso kuyera koonekera komanso kuwonekeranso mthunzi wofewa pazinthu ndi zakudya zomwezo zida zophika komanso nthawi yomweyo. Mphamvu zake zazikulu za porcelate zimapeza pang'onopang'ono chifukwa chowotcha, zomwe zimachitika kutentha kwa +1050 mpaka + 1300 ° C.

Mkulu wamfupa umakonzedwanso, chifukwa cha gulu lonse ndi zigawo za organic zimachotsedwa. Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi mafomu a gypsum, kupanga zinthu kumachitika, kutsatiridwa ndi kapangidwe kake ndi thandizo la glaze, penti kapena decoli.

Mafuta a mafupa amawaona ngati anali ndi mwayi wochepa, chifukwa kuchokera ku dorcelain mapentiel zopangidwa kuchokera ku zotsatsa izi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi makhoma awo.

Zabwino ndi zovuta

Mafuta a mafupa, monga zopangira zina zilizonse, ndizopanda mphamvu mu mphamvu ndi zofooka zake, zomwe zimawonekera pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzo. Chifukwa chake, zabwino za nkhaniyo ziyenera kuphatikizapo izi:

• Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, ngakhale pansi pa makoma owonda; Monga machitidwe akuwonetsera, zinthu zomwe zili ndi kapangidwe kake zimakhala zosemphana ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina kuposa mitundu ina ya mitundu yaiwisi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbale ndi zopangira;
• Makoma a zinthu zochokera muulamuliroyi udzasunthidwa, womwe umalola kuti zinthu ziziwoneka zosavuta, zotsogola komanso zofananira; Makhalidwe oterewa amafunika kwambiri chifukwa cha mitundu ndi okonda ena ndi osonkhetsa ena a mabatani a aristocratic, mbale ndi zina zotero;
• Zosiyanasiyana ndizodziwika bwino chifukwa cha mtundu wake wopambana; Wowuma fupa weniweni sudzakhala wopanda phokoso;
• Pamwamba pazinthu zomwe zimachokera ku zikwangwanizi sizili ndi mtundu uliwonse, kulumpha wina ndi zinthu zina zonse ndi zinthu zina zidzakhala zosalala;
• Opanga amapanga nkhani ndi zinthu zina zapakhomo zomwe zimatha kutchulidwa m'gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa adzagwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsa zapakhomo, komanso kuti azigwiranso ntchito patebulo labanja.

Osakhala wopanda chuma ndi mandimu, omwe ndi:

• Ngakhale anali ndi mphamvu, zopangidwa ndi ziwetozi zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, chomwe chizisunga mawonekedwe awo oyamba, komanso apitilizidwa nthawi ya ntchito;
• Kuphatikiza pa njira yapadera yosamalira, fupa la mafupa lidzafunikiranso mwini wake wazomwe zimachitika zosungirako;
• Zogulitsa kuchokera ku nkhaniyi zimatengera mtengo wokwera mtengo;
• Ngakhale anali wolimba komanso kuuma, wopanda fupa sayimilira matabwa akuthwa kwambiri kapena ocheperako.

Mitundu ya mbale

Masiku ano, opanga omwe amagwiritsa ntchito izi popanga, amapereka mitundu yotsatirayi:

• Mbale zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zakuya, kuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsa;
• Seti;
• Tiyi ndi khofi wopangidwira 2 kapena wowonjezerapo;
• supu
• Ntchito.

Kuphatikiza pa ziwiya za kukhitchini, mabatani, misempha, zithunzi zanthaka zimapangidwa kuchokera ku dongo.

Mitu ndi mitundu

White China kapena Zopangira zaminyanga ya njovu musanafike pa mashelufu, zomwe zimachitika pojambula zokongoletsa ndi njira zokongoletsera. Kujambula kungakhale kosakanikirana kapena kuyang'aniridwa, ndipo pali zinthu zina, mitu ya kapangidwe kake kamene kamagwirizanitsa njira ziwiri za akatswiri ojambula. Zopangidwa zambiri kuchokera ku dothi la mafupa zimakokedwa mumitundu yoyera ndi yabuluu, yomwe imatchedwa "Cobart Mesh", Ndakhala mtundu wa makhadi akhadi a bizinesi kuchokera ku nkhaniyi. Utoto wotere, kutengera kutentha kwa kutentha, kungakhale kwamtambo waubuluu kapena buluu. Nthawi zina mithunzi yakuda, imvi komanso yofiirira imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitsuko ya mbale, maluwa a magnolia ndi mbewu zina zimakokedwa.

Kupaka kwa zinthu kumapezeka pamanja, koma m'magulu ena opangira mafakitale, zopangidwa ndi mafupa zimakongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yapadera yokhala ndi mizere yovuta yopingasa. Komanso pochita bwino Filimu yopyapyala ndi nkhani yomwe "imagwira ntchito yofananira ndi chithunzi. Kutsutsa kuvala mbale ndi zinthu zina nthawi zina kumachitika ndi golide. Ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zitha kuchitika ndi burashi pamanja kapena ndi sitampu yapadera.

Unikani Opanga

Masiku ano, zizindikiro zambiri zapakhomo ndi zakunja zimachita ntchito yopanga zopangidwa ndi mafupa. Mwa zina zomwe zilipo ndizofunika kuwonetsa zodziwika kwambiri.

• Imperial Proceur. Kampaniyi M'masiku a Tsaristist Russia idapanga zopanga zapakhomo zopanga zida zapakhomo zopanga matope. Ponena za zida zopangira mafupa, pamaziko a mbewuyi, zinthu zoyambirira zidatulutsidwa mu USSR.

Pakadali pano ili ndi bungwe lokha ku Russia lomwe limachita ntchito yotulutsidwa kwambiri, komanso zopangidwa ndi izo.

• Kholo la Royal. - Uwu ndi nkhawa ya Chingerezi yomwe imagwira ntchito yogwira ntchito ndi zinthu zoterezi. Tsopano mtunduwo ndi m'modzi mwa oyendetsa ndege a mafupa. Kuwonongeka kwa kampaniyo kumakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ma seti apadera ndi zinthu zina.

• Wedgwood. - Izi sizachizindikiro chopanda tanthauzo kuposa chomera cha Russia, kampani imatenga imodzi mwadzidzidzi, chifukwa imangofuna kupereka zopangidwa ndi ogula wamba, komanso amagwira ntchito yopanga mbale za Khothi Lachifumu la Britain. Kuphatikiza pa zojambulajambula zodziwika bwino, kampaniyo imachita zinthu zodziwika bwino, zinthu zaluso.

• . - Iyi ndi mtundu wina wotchuka wopanga zopanga zamagetsi, zomwe zimapereka makasitomala angapo a ziwiya zapamwamba kwambiri. Kupanga luso lakhala likugwira ntchito mopitirira zaka zopitilira 200. Masiku ano, chizindikirocho chinayambitsa mzere wake wapadera wopanga zinthu zomaliza.

• Narumi. - Uwu ndi chizindikiro chogulitsa ku Japan, chomwe chimawerengedwa chimodzi mwa makampani ang'onoang'ono pamsika. Komabe, zopangidwa ndi mtunduwu zimayimilira ndi kukonzanso kwawo, zapamwamba kwambiri komanso njira yapadera yopangira mbale. Japan imayang'ana pakupanga ndi utoto wa zinthu ndi njira yothetsera mavuto, yomwe imawonjezera mfundo za mbale ndi zinthu zina.

Kampaniyo siyikuchoka kumbuyo kwa zizindikiro za Chingerezi, motero zimabweretsanso mzere wa osankhika. Kuphatikiza pa mabizinesi omwe ali pamwambawa, fupa la fupa ngati zida zazikulu zopangira mbale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku China ndi Kazakhstan.

Kodi Mungasankhe Bwanji?

Kupeza kuti mbale kapena chinthu china chimafunikira kumvetsetsa za kusiyanitsa zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri kuchokera pachinyengo chachiwiri. Kuwunika kuwoneka kwa malonda omwe mumakonda, muyenera kusamala kwambiri pamavuto angapo.

• Utoto. Zinthu zabwino ziyenera kukhala zoyera zoyera kapena zonona. Ndipo Chinanso, tiyenera kukhala glitter. Makina amtunduwu amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana poyesa kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito ya matekinoloje atsopano, koma mthunzi padziko lapansi uyenera kukhala wofunda, osati wowoneka bwino kuposa kuyera dala.
• Kuwonekera. Pulogalamu kapena zinthu zina zilizonse kuchokera ku dothi lalikulu la mafupa okwera.
• Kujambula. Ngati chinthu chomwe chapangidwira chikaikidwa, monga zakudya kapena zinthu zauzimu zomwe zili ndi penti, ndiye kuti mwatsatanetsatane, zingatheke kuona mikwingwirima ya burashi.
• Chizindikiro. Zogulitsa zonse ziyenera kukhala zovomerezeka. Nthawi zambiri, zodabwitsa zogwirizana zimayika mbali yosinthira pansi. Zokonda ndikulimbikitsidwa kukhala opanga ndi dzina lodziwika.
• Palibe zopunduka pamtunda . Pogula mbale za mphatso kapena kugwiritsa ntchito patokha, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti makhoma onse. Ndikofunikira kuti katundu alibe mabowo, thovu, komanso zips ndi zopukusa makamaka m'mphepete.

Zosasamala

Wogula ntchito kuchokera kumoto wamoto, Ndikofunika kuwerengera nkhani zokhudzana ndi chisamaliro ndikusunga kwa zoterezi, samalani ndi malingaliro otsatirawa:

• Kutsuka mbale sikuletsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito masiponji okhazikika, komanso mogwirizana ndi mankhwala apabanja omwe agwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimatha kusiya pamtunda; Ngati ndi kotheka, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mitundu ina iliyonse;
• Porcelain imakonda kwambiri kusinthasintha kwakuthupi mu kutentha, chifukwa chake ayenera kusamala kapena zinthu zina mosamala; Ngati madzi otentha akuthira mu chidebe, uyenera kudutsidwa m'madzi ofunda ndi otero;
• Chisamaliro chaumba chimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwamadzi; Sambani pansi pamadzi otentha, ngakhale kuipitsidwa kwakukulu, ndizosatheka;
• Ikani mbale patebulo kapena mukasungidwa pa alumali zimatsata kuti zotengera sizimalumikizana ndi mtunda wina ndi mnzake; Ndikofunika kusintha thankiyo ndi mapepala oyera posungirana winayo.
• Pambuyo pokonzanso, malonda ochokera ku porcet ayenera kupukuta; Chotsani fumbi lolimbikitsidwa ndi rag youma popanda mulu.

Zokhudza momwe mafupa owonda achingerezi owonda achingerezi amapangidwa, onani kanema wotsatira.