Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus

Anonim

Maslenitsa yog ib qho ntawm cov hnub so uas nws tau ua txhaum loj thiab tsis pom zoo rau ob qho tib si hauv lub yeej rog thiab cov uas nyiam tshaj tawm keeb kwm. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov kab lis kev cai tau coj los ntawm cov ntseeg tau coj los ntawm cov ntseeg thiab cov Echoes ntawm Doharistian Rites tsuas yog ntxiv. Cia peb sim kom nkag siab txog cov peculiarities ntawm qhov nyuaj no, tab sis niaj hnub ua dua cov xwm txheej.

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_2

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_3

Pagan keeb kwm ntawm hnub so

Maslennic Rites kis rau kev qub txeeg qub teg thiab lwm haiv neeg ntawm cov tswv yim lees paub txog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm nyuj ntawm nyuj cov tsiaj txhu, cov neeg yos hav zoov thiab ua liaj ua teb. Ntau lub sancal qub qub, lawv cov cuab yeej zoo li ib hom kev tshwj xeeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov astromena, paub meej txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm ntuj tshwm sim rau cov neeg ntawm lub caij nyoog uas nyob deb. Cov lus qhia ntawm cov hluas ntawm Archeology - Archetoology tau lees paub cov lus qhia tsis tu ncua rau cov xwm txheej detomanic rau kev tshwj xeeb, caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov solstice.

Txhua tus xws li kev tshwm sim astronomical dealt nrog kev hloov mus rau lub suab nrov tshiab ntawm lub neej. Txoj hauv kev ntawm lub Caij nplooj ntoos hlav Equinox cov ntsiab lus pib lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm xwm, raws li tau paub los ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv: "Hnub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ib xyoo txau." Maslenitsa yog xws li hloov los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov lub caij ntuj no muaj rau lub zog ntawm lub zog caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum lub ntiaj teb pib tsim cov khoom muag thiab sowing khoom.

Yog tias koj hla ib hnub, lossis tawm qee yam yam tsis muaj kev mloog, nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov qoob loo yav tom ntej.

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_4

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_5

Raws li ntau cov kev tshawb fawb, nws yog Spring Equinox uas tau pib lub xyoo tshiab daim ntawv qhia. Yog li, cov carnival tuaj yeem muab piv rau nws tus nqi nrog cov niaj hnub, kev hlub ntawm txhua hnub so - lub xyoo tshiab. Ib qho ntxiv, Maslenitsa lawb tawm cov khoom cia rau yav tom ntej sau, tau pab faib cov chaw nyob, thiab ntau zaus cov khoom lag luam xav tau kom sai li sai tau. Yog li cov pagans tau tsim kev lig kev cai ntawm kev sib tw ntau ntawm kev ua si.

Thaum pib lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, muaj cov tsiaj txhu muaj tsiaj txhu, nws txhais tau tias cov mis tau tshwm sim dua, qhov no yog kev coj ua ntawm cov khoom noj ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus ntawm cov carnival. Yog, tus lub npe ntawm cov nyiaj so koobtsheej txhais tau tias tsis muaj dab tsi tab sis lub sij hawm ntawm predominance nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj ntawm khoom noj siv mis, xws li cov roj. Maslenitsa hais txog cov xov tooj thiab thiaj li hu ua tsev neeg cov hnub caiv. Raws li heev heev piav qhia, txhua tus cov hnub caiv assumed mus ntsib ib tug txheeb ze. Cov tshwm sim yog kuj tsis yuam. Ciaj sia nyob rau hauv noj qab nyob zoo rau ib ntev lub caij ntuj no yog tsis yog li ntawd yooj yim, li no mas tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau sim saib cov neeg uas muaj tus hlub, thiab tsis txhob mus dhau ib tug neeg, txhua txhua hnub twb tua tau mus ntsib ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov txheeb ze.

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_6

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_7

Tus tshiab voj voog ntawm lub neej cim tus tshiab puag ncig ntawm tus kwv tij sib raug zoo, tag nrho cov phem, quarrels thiab insults, nws yog tsim nyog los tawm nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tsis yog tus kawg luag hauj lwm yog ua si los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias thaum pib ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm intensive zog yuav tsis tawm cov qhua lub sij hawm. Lub sij hawm tom qab no yog li ntawd feem cuam, tsis fuss thiab maj yuav tau sib txuas lus tsuas yog tom qab ntxawm tus qoob loo nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Maslenitsa, raws li cov hnub caiv ntawm lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm lub neej, yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub continuation ntawm cov haiv neeg. Cov kev lig kev cai ntawm kev lom zem thiab tsausmuag qho nrog hnia qhuas, tsis muaj dab tsi lwm tus ib yam li cov echoes ntawm lub pagan ua si txheej txheem rau cov neeg hluas.

Skating ntawm lub roob thaum tus txiv leej tub thiab tus ntxhais zaum nyob rau hauv ib co sleigh thiab raug yuam kom zoo rau txhua tus lwm yam, tso cai rau kov yeej lub ntuj ntshai. Nrig fights "Phab ntsa rau ntawm phab ntsa", thaum qhov zoo ntawm cov workmen yuav qhia lawv delets. Thaum lub sij hawm no, tus hais mav muab cov ntxhais khoom plig uas muaj los yog muas, li no uas qhia lawv worthwest, los yog ua rau nws tau hais tias cov kev txawj.

Feem ntau muab tus kheej ua tooj liab los yog txawm lub golden nplhaib. Xws li ib tug lub txiaj ntsim raug assumed sai walling. Yog hais tias cov niam txiv pom zoo rau cov kev xaiv, tej zaum nyob rau hauv lub carnival nws tshwm sim.

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_8

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_9

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, tus thawj carnival qhuas yog kev lom zem ntau ploj, muaj ib co hauv zos sawv, lub restoration ntawm uas yog siab tau. Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nyiaj so koobtsheej yog lom zem ntau tsis tag nrho, thiab tej zaum, alas, tsis muaj tseeb. Nrog rau lub fwm kev lig kev cai, ib tug tag nrho reservoir ntawm nws imitation tseem tsim. Pawg cult-thrust thiab mob siab heev anti-kev cai dab qhuas kev dag, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, sib ntaus tawm tsam cov ntseeg Vajtswv, tsim ib tug heev nrov nyob rau hauv Soviet lub sij hawm, ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lub zos thiab nyob rau hauv lub nroog, ib tug nyiaj so koobtsheej - winters ntawm lub caij ntuj no.

Ntau nyob rau hauv nws yog los ntawm cov tsoos pagan carnival, tab sis txawm ntau los ntawm lub fantasy ntawm kev cai neeg ua hauj lwm uas tau tas mus rau txhua lwm yam ntau yam ntawm festive scenarios. Lawv kis, xws li, ua tsaug rau tshwj xeeb periodic khoom.

Niaj hnub nimno Maslenitsa yog ib tug tag nrho interweaving ntawm lub suab ntawm lub yav dhau los thiab ib tug ntau yam ntawm nrhav tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog rau qhov ancient pej xeem kev lig kev cai tsis muaj.

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_10

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_11

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_12

Maslenitsa nyob rau hauv Orthodoxy

Lub contradictory cwj pwm ntawm Orthodoxy rau Maslenitsa yog cuab kev. Wb pib nrog lub fact tias xws li ib tug kev cai dab qhuas nyiaj so koobtsheej tsis muaj nyob, nws txhawb nqa nws lub npe xwb nyob rau hauv pej xeem cov kev lig kev cai. Lub tsev teev ntuj sau ntawv Easter Orthodox nyiaj so koobtsheej, uas nws cov hauv paus hniav muaj tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog rau qhov kab lis kev cai ntawm lub ancient Slavs. Easter yog ib qho ancient pre-Christian hnub caiv ntawm lub Semitic pab pawg neeg, nyuj breeders nyob rau hauv lub Middle East, uas nws twb tseem txuam nrog caij nplooj ntoos hlav equinox.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv cov ntseeg kev lig kev cai, thaum tsuas yog tus Easter tau lom, uas Tswv Yexus twb ua koob tsheej nrog nws cov tub kawm. Lub sij hawm ntawm no nyiaj so koobtsheej pib yuav tsum tau txav, yog li txhua txhua xyoo nws yog kev zoo siab tsis los ntawm lub hnub, tab sis suav tshiab hli los ntawm Christmas. Lunar thiab hnub ci daim qhia hnub hli tsis phim, uas yog vim li cas txhua txhua xyoo lub Easter koob tsheej yog txav. Ua ke nrog nws hloov thiab ua ntej carnival lub lim tiam.

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_13

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_14

Raws li cov Orthodox kev lig kev cai, qhov tseem ceeb cov txheej xwm rau tag nrho cov ntseeg Vajtswv tshwm sim nyob rau lub sij hawm no. Tswv Yexus nrog cov thwj tim cov menyuam kawm ntawv tuaj mus rau qhia Vajtswv txoj lus nyob rau hauv lub nroog Yeluxalees. Lub Easter nyiaj so koobtsheej twb nce, uas nws xav noj peb caug nrog nws ze menyuam kawm ntawv. Ib tug devotee Juda Khetos twb ntes, raug mus rau ib tug lub tsev hais plaub thiab tsim txom, thiab rau lub fact tias lawv tau tuag saum ntoo khaublig. Ntseeg ntawm tag nrho cov ntiaj teb no noj peb caug rau lub zoo sawv rov qab los ntawm Yexus Khetos, uas lawv zoo siab txhua lwm yam.

Keeb kwm, nws yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas hais tias nyob rau hauv lub minds ntawm cov neeg, ob tug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev cai - qhov pagan carnival thiab cov Christian Easter, nyob rau hauv uas lub tuag saum ntoo khaublig Khetos twb sawv hauv qhov tuag rov los. Tus thawj Christian xibhwb yuav tsis rov qab ib txhiab xyoo kev lig kev cai, lawv tau xaiv ib tug ntau ntse txoj kev, ua tib zoo taug kev mus rau hauv nws tshiab rau lub sij hawm uas ntawm kev nthuav qhia. Tshiab Xyoo koob tsheej tau twb tau khi nrog lwm yam xwm txheej, namely, Zoo siab heev Christmas - cov me nyuam yug ntawm tus me nyuam Yexus, thaum xwm tsis cia li tuaj mus rau lub neej, tab sis raws li yog hais tias nws yog los yug dua nrog lub hnub, thiab lub hnub pib mus txog. Lub rampant zoo siab carnival yuav tsum tau muab txuas rau lub yavtom ntej grand ncej. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, ib tug tshiab ntsiab lus ntxiv mus rau lub beloved neeg.

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_15

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_16

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_17

Cov kev hloov mus rau tus ncej yuav tsum tau xaiv ib tug gradual tsis kam mus rau lub noj ntawm tej khoom. Tej tub tej ki qhov kev hloov no rau peb lub lis piam. Tam sim ntawd ua ntej tus ncej, lub Syarrow Sedmian lom, mus rau hauv uas cov nqaij tsis tau noj, thiab lub khoom noj siv mis tseem ua tau. Lub saddimians ntawm lub Syrophupic lub limtiam - zam txim hnub Sunday, kev lig kev cai ntawm cov uas muaj ib tug ntev-sawv pre-Christian Semitic cov hauv paus hniav. Thaum cov neeg uas xav ntawm sab ntsuj plig pub twg paub, mus rau tej lus thov rau hauv cov suab puam thiab hais tias goodbye rau tag nrho cov tsev neeg, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv lawv sab ntsuj plig tshawb yuav xaus nyob rau hauv txoj kev tuag. Yexus los ua tib yam, muaj ib lub koom haum rau yav tsaus ntuj rau nws cov thwj tim, qhov chaw uas nws tau tiv thaiv mov thiab poured caw mus rau lawv.

Hnub kawg ntawm kev ua yeeb yam, uas cocieve nrog sib deev ntawm Easter, yuav tsum yog qhov zoo siab tshaj plaws tom qab ntawd nws nyob rau hnub no uas Yexus tau sawv rov los. Ntawm no nws tau tshwm sim cov kev sib txuas ntau tshaj ntawm cov kab ke ntawm kev lom zem zoo siab. Nyob rau lwm hnub, txij li kev pom ntawm Orthodox txiv plig, thiab raws li lub tswv yim tsim nyog ntawm feem ntau cov ntseeg, dav yog tsis tsim nyog. Vim tias nws tsis sib haum xeeb, uas yuav tsum kav hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm Orthodox ua haujlwm ntawm Khetos, thiab npaj nws tus kheej mus tom ntej tshaj tawm.

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_18

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_19

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_20

Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov tuam tsev tsis yog widged, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem txwv txoj kev lom zem thiab kav hauv zej zog. Lub Koom Txoos tus txiv neej tau ntsib kev xyiv fab ntawm sab ntsuj plig loj, thiab tib lub sijhawm muaj ib qho kev lom zem. Txawm thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20, neeg pej xeem tau npaj rau Maslenitsa, tsis muaj dab tsi ua nrog Orthodox kab lig kev cai. Cov neeg rejuvenated hauv lawv txoj kev lom zem, tsis tshua ua txhua yam txwv hauv cov zaub mov thiab, uas yog, kom lawv haus dej haus ntau, hauv kev noj haus dej haus. Qhov "phab ntsa ntawm phab ntsa" converged rau dej khov ntawm cov dej ntws, cov tub lag luam sim nteg cov khoom lag luam tshaj plaws.

Thaum lub xyoo ntawm lub xyoo ntawm lub xyoo, raws li tau hais txog kev ua koob tsheej ntawm cov carnival tig mus ua kev lom zem ntawm cov hnub so ntawm lub caij ntuj no. Tom qab ntawd ntau cov kab lig kev cai nyob ze rau pagan tau rov qab los yog tsim, thiab ib qho hais txog qhov ua tau Orthodox Heritage tau raug rhuav tshem.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, peb tam sim no muaj ntau cov khoom siv dag caij so, cov kab lis kev cai ntawm uas muaj kev sib luag ntawm cov pagan kab lis kev cai thiab ntau dua li los ntawm orthodox.

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_21

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_22

Kev lig kev cai

Tus nqi twg yog qhov qub thiab tib lub sijhawm ib txwm niaj hnub so? Qee yam hauv nws tau los ntawm txheej thaum ub, ua ntej txhua yam, yog lub npe nws tus kheej - Maslenitsa. Lub sijhawm ua koob tsheej dhau los ntawm orthodoxy thiab, ib txoj kev los sis lwm txoj kev coj noj coj ua, nyob rau hauv uas txhua hnub yog muab lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev npaj rau cov kev yuav khoom Easter thiab tom qab.

Ntau cov kab ke tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev taug kev loj tau txav los ntawm kev lig kev cai ntawm kev ua koob tsheej ntawm cov xov hlau nyob rau hauv soviet. Yog li cov lus teb tsis sib xws, dab tsi yog hnub so, orthodox, pagan lossis secular, tam sim no tsis tau txais.

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_23

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_24

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_25

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_26

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_27

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_28

Xav txog cov kab lis kev cai yooj yim ntawm qhov kev ua yeeb yam no hu ua Carnival.

  • Thawj qhov uas ib tug neeg nyob deb ntawm kev ntseeg, ntawm chav kawm, Pancakes. Cov keeb kwm ntawm kev coj ua, feem ntau yuav pagan. Damn yog cov khoom ci ci yooj yim tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem npaj txawm los ntawm cov hmoov me me. Ntau tus kws tshawb nrhiav pom hauv nws lub cim piv txwv qhia txog lub hnub. Ib txhia sib cav hais tias qhov no yog ib qho khoom siv tshuaj ntsuab. Pancakes yog kev kho mob thoob ntiaj teb, lawv tuaj yeem noj nrog cov ntawv sau txawv tshaj plaws, lossis ib yam li ntawd.
  • Ib qho kev mus ntsib cov txheeb ze thaum lub sijhawm caij npav, lub ntsiab lus ntawm uas nyob rau hauv Kev Txum Tim rov qab los thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov kev sib txuas.
  • Saib xyuas cov kev pab hauv tuam tsev, coj los ntawm Christianity. Nws pab txhawm rau nyob rau yav tom ntej ncej, nco qab txog qhov kev tsim txom ntawm Yexus Khetos kev txom nyem thiab nws sawv rov los. Cov ntseeg ua pauj cov xwm txheej no, ntsib ntau yam kev xav ntawm sab ntsuj plig, los ntawm kev khuv leej zoo siab rau kev xyiv fab loj.
  • Lug lom lub carnival nrog loj heev qho nrog cov burning ntawm cov khoom ua si, zoo-fashioned kev ua si thiab ib yam txawv ntawm lub tswv yim.

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_29

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_30

Maslenitsa: pagan lossis orthodox hnub so? 31 daim duab yog nws kev ntseeg? Kuv tuaj yeem noj dab tsi hauv orthodoxy? Keeb Kwm thiab Sib Txuas Lus 18227_31

Nyeem ntxiv