Kub yog ib tug kim thiab nrov tshaj plaws cov hlau muaj nqis. Tam sim no, feem ntau ntawm nws ua rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tshaj plaws. Coob leej yuav xav tias tus nqi thiab tus nqi ntawm kub yog exaggerated, tab sis qhov tseeb no ua haujlwm, hardness, kev ntseeg tau, hardness, kev sib raug zoo, cov kub hla ntau theem kev ua. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhov txheej txheem melting. Nws yog hais txog nws tias nws yuav tau tham txog hauv kab lus no: peb yuav txiav txim siab cov lus melting thiab ua tau txoj kev, peb kuj pom tias nws tuaj yeem ua nws hauv tsev.
Thaum twg alloys melted?
Kub yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev pheej, kho vajtse, hluav taws xob conductivity, viscosity, tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv. Nws yog vim cov teeb meem no uas nws tau siv dav tsis yog nyob hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tab sis kuj tseem muaj tshuaj, kev lag luam, chaw muag tshuaj.
Hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab ntawm kub hauv nws lub xeev ntuj, tsis muaj dab tsi yog kev xyaum ua tsis tau.
Rau Txhawm rau ua cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, cov hlau no tsis yog melted, tab sis kuj sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom muaj nqis thiab tsis yog cov hlau, piv txwv li, nrog nyiaj. Thiab sib xyaw kub nrog lwm cov khoom tuaj yeem raug rau hauv lub xeev molten. Yog li ntawd, nws yog pre-yaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw ua hauj lwm tshwj xeeb siv qee yam khoom muag thiab khoom siv.
Ntshiab Kub Kub Melting Kub
Cov kub ntshiab yog hu ua cov qauv hlau muaj txiaj ntsig 999, hauv uas tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tsis muaj kev ligmatures. Lub ntsiab sib txawv yog nws qhov muag muag. Txawm tias lub txhab nyiaj Ingot ntawm cov ntshiab kub tuaj yeem yooj yim khawb tus ntsia thawv.
Lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm kub yog ib qho ntawm physicomechanical cov khoom ntawm cov hlau. Qhov ntsuas no txiav txim siab qhov kub tshaj plaws uas cov hlau pib yaj. Qhov kub ntawm qee cov qauv yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm nws melting kub, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub nws yog qhov siab txaus:
- 999 qauv pib yaj ntawm T 1064ºс. Hnnaub taw tes - 2947 ºс;
- 585 qauv tuaj yeem tau melted, ncav cuag T 840ºс,
- 375 Qauv "Floats" thaum rhuab txog 770 ºс.
Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog nws raws li cov qauv siab dua, qhov ntsuas kub siab dua thiab ntau zaus koj xav tau cov hlau melting. Txhua qhov theem uas tau ntxiv rau lub alloy txo lub suab melting lub ntsiab lus, tsuas yog qhov kev zam ntawm palladium. Cov hlau no, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, nce qhov ntsuas no.
Raws li rau qhov chaw ntawm smelting, nws yog txhua qhov kub, tsuas yog rau 999 kuaj, koj tuaj yeem yaj hauv tsev siv cov kev kho mob. Qhov yog Xws li qhov kub thiab txias, 1064ºс, tuaj yeem ua tiav tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm lub Hoobkas, hauv qhov cub tshwj xeeb.
Xijpeem, paub txog Jewellers thiab cov kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo rau hauv tus kheej melting ntawm kub - nws yog qhov ua tau zoo dua los ua qhov no hauv cov chaw soj ntsuam tshwj xeeb.
Yuav ua li cas kom yaj kub hauv tsev?
Txawm tias muaj cov kws txawj tsis pom zoo kom koom nrog qhov kev ua tau zoo sib xws hauv tsev, hais tias nws yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm tsis zoo, muaj cov kws sau txuj ci thiab nyiam kev sim. Txog rau hnub tim, muaj 3 txoj kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev zom cov hlau zoo nkauj hauv tsev:
- siv roj burner;
- Hauv qhov cub tshwj xeeb rau smelting muaj nuj nqis;
- siv microwave.
Cia peb saib txhua tus nyob rau hauv ntau yam.
Ntawm roj burner
Nov yog txoj kev nyiam tshaj plaws ntawm smelting muaj nqis hlau. Qhov no yog vim muaj qhov tseeb tias lub qhov cub siv roj siv roj yog ib leeg txhua tus. Nws kuj tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov ntsuas kub uas kub roj ntau npaum li cas uas kub yaj rau suav vib nas this. Yog li, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav yaj cov hlau nrog roj burner, koj yuav tsum yuav cov hauv qab no.
- Roob ntoo - Cov thawv tshwj xeeb rau smelting. Nws cov xeeb ceem tseem ceeb yog qhov tsis kam mus rau qhov kub. Tus crucible tuaj yeem yog graphite lossis av nplaum.
- Lub zog - Nrog cov lus nug no, koj tuaj yeem nqa cov hlau kub, tig nws mus, txav nws. Tong yog ua los ntawm cov khoom kub-tiv taus.
- Buru lossis sodium carbonate - Cov no yog cov kev sib sau tshwj xeeb uas tau siv los ntxuav cov kub. Qhov yog tias ua ntej tau txais kev nkag mus rau smelting, kub xav tau ntxuav.
Yog tias koj tsis muaj lub qhov cub siv roj, nws tuaj yeem ua tau nyob hauv tsev los ntawm cov kev kho mob, tab sis qhov no cov roj yuav roj. Thaum lub sijhawm ua cov khoom siv hluav taws kub hnyiab, tsis txhob ua yam tsis muaj:
- sprinkler, uas yog qhov zoo tagnrho haum rau cov khoom siv vaj zaub rau txau tshuaj;
- Tin poom nrog hermetic lub hau;
- Cov Twj Cua Huab Cua lossis Compressor;
- hoses;
- Foob.
Tom qab qhov chaw hlawv hluav taws tau ua, koj tuaj yeem ncaj qha rau cov txheej txheem:
- Tigel los lis cov drone npaj tau npaj siv;
- Tso txhua qhov kub, seem, uas yog npaj kom yaj, hauv ib qho crucible;
- Ua kom sov lub burner;
- Tom ntej no, cov txheej txheem ntawm smelting pib, feem ntau pib yaj lub impurities, thiab tom qab tus hlau zoo nkauj;
- Sai li cov alloy yog melted kiag li, nws yuav tsum tau nchuav rau hauv lub thawv xaiv, daim ntawv uas tuaj yeem yog qhov sib txawv tshaj plaws - nws nyob ntawm cov khoom uas koj xav tau;
- Nyob rau theem kawg uas koj xav tau txias nrog dej txias.
Cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog lub teeb yuag heev thiab tsis tas yuav siv sijhawm ntau.
Cov kws tshaj lij tseem pom zoo kom siv roj av roj ntoo, txij li cov cuab yeej siv roj tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau muaj nuj nqis.
Hauv lub rauv taws
Qhov no yog lwm qhov ntawm cov kev xaiv uas koj tuaj yeem ua rau lub tsev siv cov khoom noj kom zoo rau yaj kub. Koj yuav tsum tau txais:
- Crucible;
- yuam kev;
- flux;
- Qhov cub tshwj xeeb.
Koj tuaj yeem yuav lub cub tawg rau smelting nyob rau hauv ib lub khw tshwj xeeb Cov. Nws yog cov khoom sib xyaw thiab cov khoom siv muaj zog. Tau kawg, yog tias tsis muaj peev xwm yuav lub qhov cub rau smelting kub, nws tuaj yeem ua nrog koj tus kheej tes. Tab sis rau qhov no koj tseem yuav tsum tau yuav ntau cov khoom siv, siv sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, nws tseem zoo dua los nrhiav cov khoom lag luam uas zoo sib xws hauv online khw. Qhov smelting rauv tuaj yeem yog hluav taws xob lossis ntoo.
Cov txheej txheem muaj cov kauj ruam hauv qab no:
- Nyob rau thawj theem, koj yuav tsum sov kom sov lub cub tawg los ntawm txuas nws mus rau lub hwj huam sib txuas lossis nrog kev pab ntawm cov ntoo thee kom xav tau qhov ntsuas kub;
- Npaj ib tug crucible los ua nws nrog flux, uas yog siv los ntawm cov khau;
- Nyob rau hauv cov crucible kom muab kub thiab nruab lub thawv ntawm lub cub tawg.
Hlau thaum lub caij cua sov ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig crucible yuav pib melting. Tom ntej no, cov txheej txheem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev raws li tau piav qhia hauv txoj kev dhau los.
Hauv microwave
Txhawm rau nqa tawm cov kev tshwm sim kub hauv lub microwave, koj kuj yuav tsum tau npaj ua ntej npaj tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog: tus ntoo khaub zig, pob ntoo, microwave. Koj tseem yuav tau yuav ib qho kev sib tw smeeb tshwj xeeb - cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb uas tau siv los hnov tsw kub hauv microwave.
Nws tseem tsim nyog sau tseg tias rau cov qauv no tsis haum rau txhua qhov cub microwave, tab sis tsuas yog ib qho, hlau ncab uas nyob rau sab nraub qaum lossis sab nraud ntawm lub cuab yeej. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj rooj plaub tsis pub siv txoj cub microwave, hlauetron nyob rau hauv uas yog nyob rau ntawm lub vaj huam sib luag. Cov txheej txheem ntawm melting cov hlau uas muaj nqis nyob rau hauv lub microwave muaj cov kab ke hauv qab no ntawm kev ua:
- lis cov xim av daj ntseg thiab muab cov hlau rau hauv nws;
- Tom ntej no, cov crucible yog muab nruab rau hauv lub melting chamber;
- Lub chamber raug ntsia hauv microwave thiab npog nrog ib lub hau;
- Tom ntej, cov cuab yeej txuas rau hluav taws xob network, yog ntsia nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 1200 W.
Nrog xws li lub zog, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav yaj 3 grams kub, nws yuav siv li 12 mus rau 15 feeb. Tom qab Molten hlau yog txov rau hauv daim ntawv thiab txias.
Txhua txoj hauv kev saum toj no yuav tuaj nyob rau hauv ke thiab txhawm rau hla dhau gilt.
Tab sis tsuas yog xav tau saib xyuas kom zoo rau cov txheej txheem, txij li thaum lub gilding yog feem ntau yog alloy ntawm nyiaj, tooj, tooj thiab palladium, thiab cov kub nws tus kheej hauv cov khoom zoo li no me me. Yog li ntawd, lub taw tes melting thiab sijhawm yuav tsawg dua. Peb xav muab cov lus qhia muaj txiaj ntsig ob peb yam tseem ceeb uas yuav tau siv yog tias koj txiav txim siab kom yaj cov hlau uas muaj nqi nyob hauv tsev.
- Hloov chaw ntawm Crucible, koj tuaj yeem siv cov qos nyoos zoo ib yam. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau noj zaub, qhov loj uas yuav yog nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov kub rau smelting, thiab ua kom tob tob hauv nws. Nws yog nyob rau hauv nws uas yuav muab hlau. Qos yaj ywm withstand qhov kub.
- Nco ntsoov ntxuav cov kub ua ntej peb yaj nws.
- Nws yog ntshaw kom koj paub koj tus kheej nrog cov tsis muaj thiab cov kws kho mob physicomechanical ntawm cov hlau.
- Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog li cas ntau npaum li cas smelting txoj kev koj xaiv, tsis txhob hnov qab txog koj tus kheej kev ruaj ntseg. Cov txheej txheem no yog kev raug mob heev, yog li ntawd nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsom iav, daim npog ntsej muag, apron, hnab looj tes. Cov nyiaj no yuav pab tiv thaiv lub cev, daim tawv nqaij, qhov muag ntawm kev raug mob, hlawv.
- Thaum xaiv tus ntoo khaub lig crucible, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xav txog qhov twg kub siab kawg nws tuaj yeem tiv taus.
- Microwave, yog tias koj twb tau siv nws cov khoom siv rau smelting kub, rau kev thov nws yog qhov kev pom zoo rau cov laj thawj hauv tsev.
Yog tias koj txiav txim siab koom nrog hauv vuam kub tiag, piv txwv li Jeweler, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los yuav cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom lag luam uas tau npaj rau cov txheej txheem no.
Cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv qab no qhia cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ci kub hauv tsev.