Thaum xaus ntawm XIX xyoo pua, Fabkis cov kws tshawb fawb Shoria thiab Mayo, nrog kev pab ntawm npib tsib xee thiab loj copy, tsim ib qho hlau, uas yuav ua tau zoo heev rau cov nyiaj tau zoo heev. Lub alloy tau pib ua raws li kev tsim cov cutlery thiab tais diav, thiab tom qab ntawd cov ntaub ntawv dai, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv kho thiab ntau yam rau kev siv kev siv.
Melchior sai sai nkag mus rau lub zam, yog li nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua tsev neeg, uas lawv muaj nyiaj tsis pub muaj cov nyiaj, diav, diav rau cov noj mov yog los ntawm melchior. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsis dhau, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov tsos lawv tau nyuaj kom paub qhov txawv ntawm nyiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hostesses yuav tsum tau meej xim lub rooj lauj kaub tais diav los ntawm melchior kom nws yuav saib kim thiab tseem ceeb.
Nws yog dab tsi?
Tshuaj mis ntawm Melchior cuam tshuam Cawv ntawm tooj liab thiab Nickel me me Noj nyob rau hauv qee feem pua, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov twg alloy tau txais, uas zoo li ci thiab muaj nyiaj xim. Xws li hlau tau dhau los ua ib hom stumbling block rau txiv neej -ans uas tsis paub paub qhov txawv nyiaj los ntawm melchior thiab feem ntau tau pom, kis tau cov khoom noj me me rau tus nqi nyiaj.
Qee zaum cov hlau thiab manganese txuas ntxiv rau cov tooj liab xees nrog npib tsib xee kom nce ntom ntom ntom thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom. Yog tias cov hlau nplaum tau coj mus rau cov khoom lag luam ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm pom tias nws muaj peev xwm sib nqus thiab hlau nplaum, thaum cov nyiaj tau los ua cov khoom sib nqus.
Tom qab coj ntau cov kev sim, cov kws tshaj lij tau pib ua kom melchior ntawm ntau hom, uas txawm tau txais lawv cov npe thiab pom qee qhov chaw ntawm daim ntawv thov rau lawv tus kheej.
Kev tshwm sim
Thaum pib, Melchior raug xeeb los ua kev pheej hmoo rau cov nyiaj. Hauv qhov tsos, cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov me me alloy thiab npib tsib tsis txawv ntawm nyiaj, lawv tau saib zoo li zoo nkauj thiab zoo dua, tab sis lawv tau pheej yig dua li cov nyiaj rov qab. Nws tau yooj yim tshaj plaws los txiav txim siab cov khoom melchive, yog tias cov khub kub, nyiaj lossis ib txheej ntawm rhodium tau thov rau saum. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nyiaj thiab melchior tsis yog tsuas yog nyob ntawm lawv cov alloy, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev saib xyuas.
Muaj pes tsawg
Lub alloy muaj cov tooj liab-npib tsib xee xee rau cov chav kawm ntawm cov hlau uas tsis muaj hlau. Yeej, melchior muaj tooj liab, thiab npib tsib xee thiab lwm yam ntxiv ua li lignature ua li lignature, uas muab tiav alloy hardness thiab durability. Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau ua rau cov alloy tso cai rau cov khoom uas tsis yog rau corrode, oxidizing hauv huab cua. Nws yog cov khoom ntawm stainless hlau thiab nws cov nyiaj ci tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv melchior.
Thaum pib, melchior muaj tsuas yog tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee, tab sis dhau sijhawm, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg tau ua ntau yam zoo meej thiab muaj ntau yam zoo meej. Yog li ntawd muaj ntau hom melchior. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau hauv niaj hnub melchior niaj hnub yuav yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Tooj liab - ntawm 65 txog 90%;
- Npib tsib xee (qee zaum nrog ntxiv ntawm kev cobalt) - los ntawm 5 txog 30%;
- Manganese - tsis pub ntau tshaj 1%;
- Hlau - tsis pub ntau tshaj 1%.
Hauv qee hom ntawm melchior, muaj zinc uas tau hloov los ntawm ib qho ntawm ob feem ntawm Nickel. Lub resulting alloy muaj cov xim zoo nkauj-steel xim thiab feem ntau siv rau kev tsim cov nyiaj npib. Vim hais tias ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm melchior alloy, nws tau mus txog qhov tseeb uas nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm Filamentous spoons los ntawm tooj dag pib hu tsis to mekior.
Niaj hnub nimno alloy ntawm melchior yog lub ruaj khov, stainless cov khoom. Ua tsaug rau cov ntsiab lus loj ntawm tus tooj liab, cov khoom lag luam los ntawm lub melchior yuav oversleep.
Txhawm rau khaws cia thawj hom khoom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxuav thiab txhuam ob qho tib si nrog cov tswv yim prophylactic thiab tom qab siv.
Kev cim
Rau cov khoom lag luam ua los ntawm Melchior Alloy, muaj tus cwj pwm phem (qauv) muaj ob tsab ntawv: M thiab N. Cov tsiaj ntawv xaiv uas cov alloy suav tus tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee. Yog tias muaj metres thiab mc ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, cov cim xws tau qhia tias nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lignature, lub alloy suav nrog cov hlau thiab manganese. Ntxiv rau ntawm daim ntawv tsim qauv qauv, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom melchior muaj cov lej. Piv txwv li, qhov kev xeem ntawm MTF 30-1-1 qhia tias nyob rau hauv Alloy, ntxiv rau tus tooj liab, muaj 30% ntawm cov ntses npib, 1% mandanese.
Cov khoom los ntawm Melchior tau tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws mus rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev lwj ntawm USSR, tom qab uas cov alloy zoo li cas los ua twb tau nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov zinc. Qhov tshwm sim yog nezilber - ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm melchior. Cov khoom los ntawm tooj liab-Nickel Alloy tsis muaj tshuaj ntxiv zinc tau tam sim no yuav tau txais tsuas yog cov khw muag khoom ortique. Cov khoom lag luam ua los ntawm Nezilber nyob rau hauv cov tsos kom tsis pom kev los ntawm cov nyiaj, thiab cov pa ntawm lub suab nkauj uas tsaus ntuj yuav tsis hloov pauv.
Ib qho txawv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov nezilber yog nws lub thwj. Thiab yog tias cov melchior daim ntawv sau tseg mn, ces cov zinc alloy twb muaj lwm lub cim - ITC. Qee zaum nws tshwm sim tias tsis muaj cov qauv ntawm cov khoom. Tom qab ntawd los txiav txim cov kev sib xyaw uas koj xav paub txog hnub nws tsim lossis kwv yees cov xim ntawm cov khoom lag luam rau lub zee daj, nws txhais tau tias koj yog nezilber, thiab tsis melchior.
Cov Khoom Siv Ntawm Cov Hlau
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm Copper alloy nrog npib tsib xee yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Lub alloy tsis sau cov oxidative cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog pa oxygen;
- Tsis nthuav tawm cov dej qab ntsev thiab kua qaub acidic, suav nrog cov dej hiav txwv;
- qhia kev tiv taus pa;
- zoo raug rau ntsia loj, polishing;
- Cov khoom siv ntom ntom yog 8900 kg / m3;
- Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb yog 284-285 n / m, tshaj coper tsis kam txog 20 zaug;
- Yog tias tsis muaj manganese thiab hlau nyob hauv cov alloy, lub melchior yuav yog tus neeg coj hluav taws xob tam sim no;
- Tsis muaj dej imururities nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, lub alloy yuav tsis muaj ib qho cuab yeej ntawm magnetization;
- Lub zog ntawm lub melchior yog sib piv nrog lub zog ntawm cov hlau;
- Cov tsis kam ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov kis yog 380-400 mpa;
- Brinell Hardness Qib yog 66-70 chav nyob.
Melchior tau suav tias yog ib qho ntau ruaj khov ntau dua li nyiaj, thaum nws qhov hnyav yog tsawg dua li ntawm cov khoom siv no.
Melting kub
Txhawm rau muab cov melchiorem aloy haloness, ua tshwj xeeb kev kho cua sov, uas yog li hauv qab no: thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws maj mam muab rau hauv lub cub tawg, ib txwm txo qhov kub. Xws li cov txheej txheem hu ua Nagarovka. Nrog nws, melchior ua tiav heev ruaj khov.
Cov khoom lag luam khoom:
- Melchior Melted kub ntau yog los ntawm 1190 txog 1230 ° C thiab nyob ntawm cov ntawv ntawm cov alloy;
- Qhov ntsuas ntawm cov kev muaj peev xwm ua kom sov sov yog qhov nruab nrab txog 390-400 J / KG, uas manifests nws tus kheej ntawm +15 rau + 25 ° C;
- Melchioric muaj kev sib xyaw tsis yog rau cov txheej txheem oxidative, muab hais tias pawg neeg ambient yuav nyob hauv li + 150 ° C.
Los ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov qoob loo ntawm ligature yog siv nyob rau hauv alloy, cov hlau me ntawm cov cim qhia meej yuav nyob ntawm. Qhov loj dua nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau thiab manganese, qis dua ntawm cov coefficient ntawm lub hardness ntawm melchior.
Ntau yam ntawm alloys
Txog rau hnub, ntau dua 65 ntxiv rau cov hlau sib txawv yog paub, uas zwm rau cov pab pawg dav dav ntawm melchior. Txhua tus xws li alloy muaj nws lub npe thiab cov khoom, uas pom cov zaub hauv kev kos cim thiab feem pua ntawm cov khoom siv.
Xav txog cov alloys feem ntau.
- Monel. Hlau alloy muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov lus sib sau mus txog 66-67% ntawm npib tsib xee. Cov khoom siv no tau siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej kev kho mob, siv rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam xav tau hauv cov roj thiab tshuaj ntxuav tshuaj hauv cov khoom lag luam nkoj.
- Constantan. Lub alloy muaj tsis muaj ntau tshaj 40-41% npib tsib xee, uas muab cov khoom siv siab thiab lub zog. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog siv rau kev tsim cov tshuab-txiav tshuab thiab kev txhim kho.
- Npib tsib xee nyiaj. Lub alloy muaj txog li 15% npib tsib xee, thiab zinc ntxiv rau li lig. Qhov no alloy ntawm melchior yog siv rau qhov teeb meem ntawm lub xeev me me ntawm lub medplate, npib thiab decorations yog tsim los ntawm nws, raws li cov siv nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb ua twj ua.
Rau kev tsim cov cutlery thiab cov tais diav, zinc tsis siv, thiab yog li thaum lub sij hawm cutlery, ntawm lub cutlery yog them nrog ib txheej cutlery yog them nrog nyias txheej ntawm gilding lossis nyiaj.
Thaj chaw ntawm kev siv
Txij li thaum lub melchior tiv thaiv dej ntsev, nws yog mastered los ntawm nws, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntawm Maritime shipbuilding. Kev siv hluav taws xob siab tso cai rau peb kom siv Melchive Alloys rau kev tsim cov thermoelements, tsim thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau melchior thiab hauv kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam automotive: ib qho hlau alloy them qee qhov chaw ntawm lub tsheb me me txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev xeb.
Los ntawm cov tooj liab-Nickel allooy ua dej fittings, fittings, li qub thiab lwm yam khoom siv dej hauv dej. Melchioric alloy yog siv hauv cov tshuaj: cov khoom ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem rov qab ua rau muaj ntau yam kev kho mob antimicrobial. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tsis xeb, seem nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv qub.
Cutlery thiab tais diav
Txij lub sijhawm ntawm kev tsim ntawm Melchior Alloy, nws tau siv rau kev siv cov hoob noj thiab cov khoom siv tau, uas nyob hauv lawv cov kev zoo nkauj tuaj yeem sib tw nrog nyiaj nyiaj. Poob ntawm melchior spoons, rab rawg thiab riam tau siv thaum lub sij hawm festive laj: Xws li cov chaw teeb tsa dai lub rooj nrog nws cov nyiaj ci ci ci. Vases rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis khoom qab zib, cov daus, sau cov qauv nrog ib pawg thiab tsom iav tau ua raws li cutlery los ntawm melchior alloy alloy.
Lauj kaub tais diav los ntawm melchior tsis txaj muag thiab muab. Lub Kettle, ib rab diav, ib rab diav nrog enamel - txhua yam no tsis yog muaj feem xyuam, tab sis kuj yog ntshaw, thiab tau nthuav tawm ntawm ib qho xwm txheej solemn. Ntawm melchior, loj dej phwj lub samovars thiab Turks rau kev ua noj kas fes tau ua. Sab hauv, cov khoom no tuaj yeem them nrog ib txheej txheej ntawm cov yas yog li ntawd thaum rhuab rau hauv dej, txhua yam kev phom sij tau txawv. Melchior coaster muaj tsawg thermal conductivity: tso cov tshuaj yej kub hauv lawv, nws tsis tau ntshai tsam hlawv nws tus ntiv tes thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj yej.
Kev dai kom zoo
Nyiaj glitter ntawm ib tug noble hlau tsis tau tawm indifferent thiab nyiam cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Melchioric cov khoom khov kho lawv lub niche nyob rau thaj chaw no, tab sis tsis yog ib cov khoom lag luam, tab sis raws li cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb thiab xav tau. Kev dai kom zoo los ntawm tooj liab-nickel alloy, muaj qib siab ntawm kev hnav-ua kom tsis kam thiab kev sib tw ntawm cov tsos. Lawv tau ntxiv cov lus kom zoo nkauj nrog cov dub tshwj xeeb, ntxiv patina, kho nrog lub foob foob.
Melchior feem ntau yog kho kom zoo nkauj nrog nyiaj: Qhov chaw saum npoo no tsis tsuas yog muaj cov ntsej muag zoo nkauj, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv antiseptic ua tsaug rau nyiaj ions. Ntau zaus, lub tooj liab ntawm tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee tau dai kom zoo nkauj nrog gilding. Yeej yog qhov no ua tiav nrog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab cov khoom qab zib. Cov txheej kub thov rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsis tshaj 1 micrometer, tab sis yog tias peb thov nws rau txoj kev ua txhaum ntawm xws li gilding yuav siab heev.
Kub Plated Melchior txawm tias siv txhua hnub tsis plam nws cov khoom. Nws yog hypoalgergen thiab kev nyab xeeb rau siv thaum hu rau daim tawv nqaij.
Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm cov hlau qub?
Txheeb xyuas hauv tsev, melchior nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj los yog stainless hlau yog qhov nyuaj heev. Txhawm rau pab txhawb txoj haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus qhia ntawm cov kws tshaj lij.
- Kev txhais. On cov khoom lag luam los ntawm tooj liab thiab Nickel Alloy, lawv tau muab cov ntawv tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntawv MN, MC, C thiab cov lej uas qhia tau feem pua ntawm ligigature. Tsis muaj ib lub cim xws li cov khoom lag luam stainless hlau.
- Yog tias koj thov cov dej ntws ntawm lub npib tsib xee thiab tooj liab, Tom qab ntawd ob peb teev tom qab, tsis txhob poob, koj yuav pom ib qho chaw ntsuab ntsuab, thaum stainless hlau stains tsis muab.
- Tsev muag tais Lev Lab Petcil Ntawm cov khoom lag luam melchior tawm ntawm txoj kev tsaus ntuj, thiab ntawm cov hlau stainless - tsis muaj.
- Melchiorovy alloy Nws muaj cov khoom sib nqus me me, thiab cov hlau stainless - tsis yog, raws li nws muaj chromium thiab npib tsib xee.
- Cov alloy ntawm melchior yog 3 zaug kim dua, Tshaj li ib qho alloy ntawm stainless hlau, raws li lub melchior muaj ntau dua li kim npib.
Feem ntau cov hlau feem ntau sim muab rau cov nyiaj lossis melchior feem ntau pom hauv cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, tais diav thiab lwm yam khoom uas qog cov nyiaj.
Yuav tu li cas?
Yog li ntawd cov khoom lag luam los ntawm npib tsib xee thiab tooj liab ntsia pom kom txaus thiab nyiam lawv cov kev zoo nkauj rau lawv txoj kev zoo nkauj, lawv yuav tsum siv kho tshiab siv kev tu thiab polishing. Rau lub hom phiaj no, cov hmoov kho hniav yuav siv tau, daim chalk muaj pes tsawg leeg lossis tus neeg sawv cev tsim los saib xyuas cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab alloys. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nyob rau hauv cov kev sib xyaw ua ke muaj tsis muaj cov khoom siv ntawm cov acids lossis colorine cov khoom, vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyuaj rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom melchior.
Nov yog ob peb cov zaub mov txawv siv uas koj tuaj yeem ntxuav lub cutlery lossis decorations.
- Cov saum npoo yog kho nrog dej qab zib yaj hauv dej Hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 50 g ntawm dej qab zib rau ib 1 l ntawm kua. Nws tsis pom zoo kom huv hmoov dej qhuav dej qab zib, txij li tom qab cov txheej txheem xws li, khawb yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom. Tom qab kho nrog dej qab zib nrog cov dej qab zib nrog dej qab zib, cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab yaug nrog dej thiab qhuav cov phuam kom qhuav, zoo li cov tee dej ntub dej yuav ua tau stains.
- Lwm daim ntawv qhia nrog dej qab zib: Hauv cov thawv kaw, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum muab ib txheej nyiaj ntawv thiab ncuav nws nrog kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov dej qab zib (tib qho kev sib tw ua ke raws li nyob rau hauv cov version yav dhau los). Ib sab ntawm lub thawv koj yuav tsum tau quav cov khoom uas koj npaj kom huv. Lub thawv ntim tso rau ntawm lub qhov cub, thiab nws cov ncauj lus raug muab kho kom haum rau ib lub rhaub. Tom qab ntawd txhua yam khoom yog yaug hauv dej thiab so daim ntaub qhuav.
- Daim ntawv qhia nrog ammonia: Hauv dej sov, me ntsis ntawm ammonia cawv yog yug thiab cov khoom lag luam los ntawm melchior tau muab tso rau hauv cov tshuaj. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, cov khoom raug tshem tawm ntawm kev daws teeb meem, ntxuav hauv dej kom qhuav thiab qhuav qhuav, polishing lawv cov ntaub rau lub brilliance.
- Eggelsell Tu: Lub qe yuav tsum tau ua kom huv si rau lub hmoov hmoov - nws yog txaus kom nqa lub plhaub los ntawm 2 lub qe. Lub qe plhaub hmoov yog muab tso rau hauv qhov muaj peev xwm loj dua, nchuav ib liter dej thiab ntxiv 20 g ntawm ntsev. Peev xwm nrog daws muab on hluav taws thiab coj mus rau ib lub rhaub. Tom qab ntawd melchive cov khoom npaj rau kev tu yog tso rau hauv txoj kev npau npau thiab rhaub lawv kom tsawg kawg 2-3 feeb. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev daws teeb meem, ntxuav nrog dej, qhuav thiab polished nrog cov ntaub so huv.
Tom qab kev ntxuav tu thiab polishing txheej txheem ua tiav, cov khoom lag luam ua los ntawm alloy alloy yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm mus rau hauv lub thawv tshwj xeeb lossis rooj plaub sab hauv. Sab hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntim yuav tsum qhuav thiab huv. Feem ntau, melchive cov khoom yog muag twb tau ntim rau hauv cov thawv tshwj xeeb lossis cov rooj plaub tshwj xeeb, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj los khaws cov khoom hauv lawv.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob muaj cov dej noo, tshuaj lom lossis tshuaj tsw qab. Tsis tas li, cov khoom yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv los ntawm coarse neeg cov teebmeem. Soj ntsuam cov cai tsis yooj yim no, ua ntu zus rau kev tu thiab ua polishing, koj tuaj yeem qhuas koj cov khoom siv me me me me rau ntau xyoo.
Txog kev ntxuav melchior li cas hauv ob feeb, saib cov vis dis aus tom ntej.