Nyob rau hauv Bronze, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom nkag siab txog cov xim hlau alloy, uas yog raws tus tooj liab, thiab cov khoom siv alloy tau ntxiv rau nws, Ceev ceev hardness ntawm cov khoom tiav. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ligatures, tin, chromium, txhuas, ob leeg, txhuas thiab lwm yam hlau feem ntau siv. Lub zog ntawm lub cev ntawm tus bronze alloy, ntxiv rau nws cov xim thiab tawv tawv yuav muaj cov yam ntxwv sib txawv uas nyob ntawm feem pua ntawm cov cheebtsam ntawm cov ntu ntawm lub lignature.
Bronze, uas muaj cov xov tooj liab liab liab, muaj cov nyiaj ntsuab ntxiv, nws txhais tau tias cov ntsiab lus tooj liab yog txo rau 30-35%. Bronze yog cov khoom siv nrov uas siv hauv ntau cov nyiaj txiag thiab kev lag luam spheres.
Peculiarities
Bronze alloy Nws muaj tooj liab thiab ligasature, uas tuaj yeem yog ob qho tib si hauv cov hlau thiab tsis yog cov hlau - los ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg - los ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg - los ntawm cov hom tooj liab. Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm Bronze thiab nws cov khoom siv tau pom los ntawm kev sim thev naus laus zis thiab kev tshawb fawb kev tshawb fawb. Raws li cov ntxiv feem ntau siv:
- beryllry;
- Aluminium;
- zinc;
- tin;
- silicon;
- phosphorus;
- hlau;
- manganese;
- Txhuas;
- npib tsib xee.
Raws li keeb kwm pov thawj, Thawj cov khoom siv bronze tau tsim dua 3000 xyoo dhau los thiab nws muaj tooj liab thiab tin Cov. Hauv cov khoom me me, tin muab cov tawv nqaij tawv tawv, hloov tau yooj yim thiab pab txhawb cov txheej txheem melting nws tus kheej. Cov khoom ntawm Tin ntawm cov khoom pov thawj ntawm cov khoom pov thawj yog tias nws txoj kev xav hauv cov khoom tsis tshaj li 4-4.8%. Yog tias koj nqa lub tin txog 5% lossis ntau dua, ua tiav tag nrho yuav poob nws cov kev yooj yim, thiab ntawm kev ua kom muaj ntau dua 20%, cov khoom siv yuav tawg tau. Yog tias koj ntxiv beryllium mus rau melting rau tooj liab, ces cov khoom siv uas muaj cov khoom siv thiab tshuaj ua kom nce siab.
Cov khoom lag luam los ntawm xws li cov hlau hlau tuaj yeem txiav lossis vuam nrog cov hom vuam.
Nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm tooj liab nrog silicon thiab zinc Cov ntaub ntawv tiav yuav muaj lub meej zoo uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov khoom casting. Cov khoom tiav tau muaj nce hnav tsis kam thiab tsis yog txim hauv kev ua lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, tooj nrog silicon thiab zinc ligasature muaj qib siab ntawm kev tiv taus qhov kub los sib zog ntawm cov hlau.
Yog tias koj ntxiv cov hmoov txhuas rau tooj liab, tom qab ntawd cov hlau, uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, tiv taus mus plam thiab kev sib txhuam, ruaj khov.
Ua ke tooj liab nrog txhuas, Koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom siv uas muaj qhov ua kom siab dua, nce ntxiv tsis tau ua kom xeb thiab kev tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg ib puag ncig. Xws li cov hlau tsim nyog rau kev txiav. Yog tias koj ntxiv phosphorus mus rau tooj liab Ua ke nrog qee cov kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub ligasitions, cov khoom xyaw no yuav txo cov acidic indicators ntawm lub alloy.
Thaum twg ntawm txhua yam ligasature yog ntxiv rau tooj liab, nws yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg xws li muaj peev xwm nqa tawm cua sov. Qhov ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau ntawm alloy, qhov tsis zoo nws muaj qib thermal conductivity.
Raws li rau cov tsos ntawm tus bronze alloy, cov ntsiab lus hauv nws nyob rau hauv nws nyob rau hauv nws yog txog li 905%, cov khoom yuav tig nrog tint daj.
Nws tau sau tseg tias yog cov alloy muaj tooj liab tsuas yog 50%, tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv los ntawm nws yuav ua xim dub, cov tooj liab xav tau rau 35%. Sij hawm dhau los, txhua cov ntaub ntawv liab hloov pauv lawv cov duab: Nws tsaus ntuj nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov kub sib txawv, acids, ntsev, alkalis ntawm ntau lub siab.
Kev ntsuas kev faib tawm ntawm alloys
Raws li ntau npaum li cas ntau feem muaj nyob hauv tus bronze alloy, tus bronze yog conventionally muab faib ua ke Ob-tivthaiv (Hlau thiab ligatura muaj ntawm 1 tiv thaiv) lossis multicomponent. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv bronze tau muab faib ua Hnyav thiab tin formulations. Tsim kev hnyav tsis muaj tin. Lawv cov kev faib tawm tau ua rau suav nrog cov hlau hloov ntawm Tin ua haujlwm ntawm lignature.Lub thoob
Ntxiv rau tooj liab tin, koj tuaj yeem tau txais Foundry alloy. Tab sis, ntxiv rau qhov qhia tau siab Federator, cov muaj pes tsawg no muaj qhov nyuaj. Feem ntau, zinc, txhuas thiab phosphorus ntxiv rau hauv cov hlau xws li. Xws li lignature muab cov khoom tiav rau corrosion tsis kam thiab ua rau nws txawm tias haum rau kev ua haujlwm melting.
Hauv Tin Alloy Phosphorus ua raws li cov khib nyiab hlau, thiab zinc txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv vim nws tus nqi me me, thiab nws tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau tshwm sim. Txhawm rau txuag cov dov alloys, nws raug tso cai rau suav nrog li 10% zinc. Bronze hom nrog cov ntsiab lus tin yog qhov kev xaiv tsim nyog rau kev ua cov kev kho mob tshuab thiab ua polishing. Cov khoom tiav los ntawm cov nyiaj muas yeej yuav ua rau muaj zog heev.
Bronze alloy, uas muaj txog li 8% ntawm tin impurities, thov rau Stamping ua haujlwm, dov thiab Forging. Los ntawm xws li cov khoom ua hlau, pas nrig ntawm ntau yam duab, nrog rau nplooj nqi xauj tsev. Alloy, qhov twg yuav siv sijhawm li 20% hauv daim ntawv ntawm liglature, siv rau kev ua cov khoom lag luam Cov. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm casting, xws bronze ua tiav rau daim foos thiab muaj ib tug me shrinkage. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no tso cai rau koj los tsim cov khoom nyuaj, nrog rau cov duab tseem ceeb.
Tsis tas li ntawd, Tin Bronze yog siv rau kev tsim cov nodes thiab cov txheej txheem uas yuav ua haujlwm hauv dej hiav txwv.
Tooj dawb
Hauv cov alloys, bronze feem ntau siv txhuas. Ligatura muaj los ntawm 6 mus rau 12% ntawm cov khoom ntawd. Bronze alloys alloys yuav muaj ib qho kev sib tiv (aluminium) lossis ntau yam ntxiv thaum hlau, npib tsib xee thiab manganese kuj tseem nyob hauv cov alloy. Ntxiv Aluminium rau Bronze txo qhov ntom ntom cov khoom tiav, yog li lub teeb ci ntsa iab tau siv dav hauv nkoj thiab aerospace kev lag luam.
Cov khoom siv nrog ntxiv txhuas muaj lub zog loj dua, yog li ntawd cov alloy tseem siv rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov tshuab, cov chaw tso cua ntawm cov khoom siv cua sov, cov tshuab cua.
Silicene
Silicon tuaj yeem raug ntxiv rau tooj dag hauv kev faib ua feem ntawm 3 txog 5%. Lub tiav lawm alloy yog superior hauv nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm tin alloys, thiab tseem muaj cov ntsuas kev ruaj khov ntawm cov tshuab ruaj khov thiab elasticity. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov alloicon alloys tsis muaj zog thiab zoo rau hluav taws xob vuam thiab soldering.
Cov khoom tiav ua los ntawm tooj liab nrog silicon Muaj tus nqi siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv mus rau kev sib cav sib ceg ib puag ncig Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm acids thiab alkalis, zoo li cov roj av. Cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no yog siv rau kev tsim cov roj roj roj lossis khib nyiab ntawm cov khoom siv dej.
Silicon bronze tuaj yeem ua tau ntxiv los ntawm manganese.
Tus kws dai txiv manganese
Hauv ntau thaj teb ntawm kev lag luam hauv kev thov Lub ntsej muag bronze muaj lub manganese: los ntawm 4 txog 5%. Cov khoom muaj cov yam ntxwv: Lub zog siab, hloov tau yooj yim thiab tiv thaiv corrosion tsis kam. Cov alloys ua cov khoom rau ntau cov tshuab. Nrog rau cov ntsiab lus manganese nyob rau hauv ib tug bronze ntau tshaj 1%, lub hardness ntawm cov khoom siv nce, tab sis viscosity thiab smoothness thiab smeethness ntawm cov tshuaj txo qis.
Tsis tas li ntawd, alloys nrog manganese tsis zoo vuam.
Hlau
Thaum ntxiv rau tooj liab, cov txhuas ua kom hloov tawm lub zog siab, tiv taus puas muaj alloy. Nws yog siv hauv kev tsim cov bearings, uas tig tau ntev, nyob rau hauv ntau dua siab thiab ntawm kev kub ceev. Bronze nrog Lead Ligature yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv tau siv los tiv thaiv kev siv tshuaj lom neeg, iav, raws li cov xim pleev xim rau ntawm cov xim tha xim.
Beryllium
Ntxiv beryllill rau tooj liab Ua tus bronze alloy, uas muaj cov xeeb ceem muaj zog ntawm lub zog, hloov tau thiab muaj kua nyeem. Ntxiv rau, cov khoom muaj Zoo hluav taws xob conductivity thiab yog cua sov Cov. Cov Alloy yog resistant rau corrosion, cov khoom lag luam yog tsim los ntawm nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv kev tsim cov khoom lag luam fiber ntau thiab microcircuits.
Bronze Alloy nrog Beryllium tso cai rau koj los ua cov ntsiab lus tsawg tshaj plaws los ntawm nws, Qhov twg tuaj yeem siv ua ntsuas ua cov cuab yeej ua, khoos phis tawj tshuab thiab xov tooj, multimedia pab kiag multia, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus beryllex cov ntsiab lus hauv cov alloy sib txawv hauv thaj tsam 0.7-25%.
Tom qab kev tshwj xeeb thermal ua, cov sau qoob loo alloy, uas muab nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm nce hardness.
Kev cim
Txhawm rau kom paub qhov txawv alloys los ntawm bronze los ntawm ib leeg los ntawm txhua lwm yam, lawv daim ntawv sau npe tau qhia. Thiab Muaj cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb Tus kws tshaj lij pab tau cov tswv yim twg tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias hom tooj liab rau nws los ua kom tiav ib qho lossis lwm txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke, nws cov khoom siv dag ntxias thiab cov ntawv thov.
Los ntawm txhua lwm yam, cov hom uas twb muaj lawm ntawm bronze yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ligrasatural nyob rau hauv feem pua ntawm tooj liab ntawm tooj liab. Cim ntawm Bronze Alloys Nws muaj cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov kev tsim qauv digital. Piv txwv li, lub decryption ntawm xws li lub hom phiaj yuav txhais tau tias cov tsiaj ntawv hauv lub npe yuav sib haum rau cov tshuaj lom neeg, thiab cov duab yuav qhia txog cov feem ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm liglature. Raws li GOST, cov ntaub ntawv digital tsis muaj cov lus qhia ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv cov tooj liab hlau Vim tias nws yog qhov tseeb tias nws yog qhov ua piv tseem ceeb.
Tab sis txhua cov kev cai ntawm ligatures yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv tsim muaj xeev.
Bronze yog cim nrog Br cov lus luv. Tsab ntawv yog tom ntej no, qhia txog lub ntsiab tivthaiv ntawm ligasature, thiab tom qab ntawd cov seem ntawm cov ntu. Raws li cov lej, lawv nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lawv cov nqi txo qis, qhia qhov feem pua piv ntawm lub ligatric cheebtsam. Piv txwv li, tus bronze ntawm lub hom yog 10-4-5 hom - qhov no yog ib qho ua los ntawm tooj liab nrog txhuas, hlau thiab npib tsib xee. Ntxiv mus, txhuas nyob rau hauv cov alloy yog 10%, hlau - 4%, npib tsib xee - 5%. Txhua tus so yog tooj liab.
Thaum hom tooj daj bronoy tsis paub, Cov khoom siv yog raug tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev soj ntsuam lub cev. Cov ntaub ntawv tseeb yog xav tau rau cov neeg ua haujlwm uas xav tau txiav txim siab qhov hnyav ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov alloy. Txhua qhov steel-smelting ntau lawm nws muaj nws tus kheej lub sim kev kuaj, uas pab daws cov haujlwm ntawm hom no.
Bronze - dab tsi hlau thiab qhov twg yog siv - saib cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv qab no.