Cartoons a cikin duniyar zamani - wani ɓangare na rayuwarmu. Yawancin zane-zane an tsara su ne don yara, amma akwai kuma tsofaffin masu sauraro. Yana da ma'ana cewa tare da canza yanayin rayuwa, sabbin dabaru, da kuma ƙarin mutane don aiwatar da su. A waɗannan abubuwan ne suka ba da gudummawa ga ƙirƙirar irin wannan sana'ar kamar mai yawa.
Tarihin sana'a
Idan ka yanke hukunci game da tashin hankali a cikin yaduwar ma'anar kalmar, ana iya cewa na farko da yawa mutane mutane ne, tuni a cikin zane na rocking, sun yi kokarin isar da tasirin motsi. Farawa daga waɗannan lokutan, Arts na gani, gami da wanda ya yi ƙoƙarin bayyana jerin abubuwan da suka faru, tare da ɗan adam a duk lokuta.
Idan ka dauki takamaiman tashin hankali, to, zane-zane na farko na zane-zane sun bayyana a farkon karni na XIX. Waɗannan su ne mafi sauƙin samfurori waɗanda suka dade. Amma daga baya ci gaban Cinema ta kori tashin hankali, kuma hawan ta fara ne kawai a farkon rabin karni na 20, tare da halartar James Stewart Blackton. Ya kasance wanda ya halicci shingen farko wanda aka fara nuna a cikin 1906.
A Rasha, ɗayan farkon da ake kira Alexander Shiryaeva. Godiya gare shi, zane-zane na farko na Farko "Poero da Kolombin" sun zo ga allo.
Abin lura ne cewa ya faru a cikin wannan 1906. Shiryae da kansa, duk da haka, wanda ake kira aikinsa "Pupet-Ballet".
Muhimmin taron a tarihin tashin hankali shine halittar Dinosauric Gerhie Winzor Mckeem Mckeem. Musamman ma wannan dinosaur an kirkiro wata sabuwar fasaha, wanda ya bambanta da duk abin da aka sani da baya. Farkon rabo na farko a cikin sana'a ya faru: An gano masu zubi da phonovar daban. Animatator ya kasance yana jawo wajan motsin babban halayyar, yayin da phovist kusantar bishiyoyi, tafkuna da sauran bayanan shimfidar wuri daban daban ga kowane firam.
Da kyau Ba shi yiwuwa ba a ambaci Walt Disney ba . Shine wanda ya taimaka ƙirƙirar rayayye wanda muka kasance muna gani a cikin duniyar zamani akan allunanmu da masu saka idanu.
Siffantarwa
Babban wani ɓangare na aikin ɗan arabi na anitator ba kawai a cikin zane ɗaya ko fiye ba, har ma da cikakken tunani da haifuwa na matakai na motsi. Amma mafi yawan ra'ayi ne bayyananne ra'ayi. Ya hada da rarraba sana'a zuwa kananan, amma takamaiman rassa, kowane daga cikin kwararru a wasu yanki. Saboda haka, an sanya wadannan hanyoyin:
- Darakta;
- Hali;
- Phon shirin (tarawa);
- Conteoon;
- na lokaci;
- aljihun tebur;
- Ginshiƙi;
- Da yawa na sakamako na musamman.
Darakta yana da alhakin canja wurin tunanin darakta da kuma salon aikin kisan. Matsaloli yana haifar da cikakken bayanin hotunan jarumai. The Phonker yana da alhakin duk abin da zai faru a bangon zane-zane. Mai ban dariya yana tura zane zane daga takarda a kan fim na musamman.
A lokaci-lokaci yana aiki cikin takamaiman halayen halaye tare da taimakon bincike game da matakan motsi. Shellan wasan kwaikwayo yana canja duk zane-zane zuwa Cestovik, lura da duk umarnin da kuma gyaran da darakta da darektan. Da kyau, yawan tasiri na musamman suna haifar da sakamako masu kyau daban-daban (gami da yanayin yanayi).
Ba koyaushe haka ba ne ya sami rabo a cikin hanyoyin da kullun ba a kiyaye shi koyaushe. Hakanan haskaka irin waɗannan ƙwarewar, mai zane, darektan, Animatatat, mai kulawa, jadawalin kuma mai aiki.
Ribobi da sana'a
Akwai pluses da kuma fa'ida a kowane nau'i na aiki, da kuma sana'ar masu yawa ba wani ba ne.
Fa'idodin wannan nau'in azuzuwan sun haɗa da waɗannan abubuwan.
- Da yiwuwar aiwatar da ayyukan kirkira. Ga mutane tare da shagon halayyar halayyar halayyar, wannan tabbas shine babban fa'ida.
- Martaba. Kada ka yi mamaki - Wannan sana'a tana da bukatar sosai, tunda kowace shekara ana buƙata. Bugu da kari, yana da yawa waɗanda suke haifar da jaruma waɗanda za su ƙaunaci kowa da kowa.
- Kyakkyawan albashi. Wannan abun shine sakamakon kai tsaye na wanda ya gabata. Manyan hukumomi suna shirye su biya da kyau ga masu fasaharsu saboda hangen nesan su da wani tunani.
- Da yiwuwar zabi yanayin aiki da ya dace. Idan mutum ya nuna kansa a matsayin mai yawa mai yawa, zai iya zuwa kananan yarjejeniya. Ciki har da - don sanya jadawalin mutum. Bugu da kari, wasu yankunan tashin hankali ba sa bukatar gaban gaba ɗaya a wuraren aiki, sabili da haka yasa za a iya yin aiki da nesa.
- Da ikon canza sana'a. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, duk masu yawa suna da kwarai masu zane-zane tare da babban fasaha a cikin masu amfani da masu hoto. Don haka, idan mutum ya fahimci cewa tashin hankali ba shi bane, zai iya samun aiki a cikin wata tallar talla ko Studio na yanar gizo.
Minise a cikin wannan sana'a suna da ƙarancin ƙasa, amma har yanzu suna.
- Babban adadin lokacin da aka kashe a cikin matsayi ɗaya a gaban katin komputa. Abin takaici, ganowar dogon lokaci a gaban kwamfutar na iya tasiri da gaske ba hangen nesa ba kawai ba kawai hangen nesa ba, wanda, bi da shi, zai haifar da matsaloli tare da kashin baya da kuma kiwon lafiya gabaɗaya. Ana iya magance wannan - ya isa kada ku manta da yin karya da ƙaramin ɗan wasa.
- Monotone. Alas, amma aikin mai yawa ba kawai jirgin sama na fantasy bane. Wani lokaci kuna buƙatar aiwatar da ayyukan monotonous. Abin da zai iya zama kamar m da gajiya.
Aikin hukuma
Idan ka da sauri ka bayyana tsari na ƙirƙirar zane mai ban dariya, zai sami matakai da yawa. Na farko shine binciken game da ra'ayin. Abu na gaba shine tattaunawa game da yadda haruffa zasu yi kama. An yi zane-zane na farko.
Idan aikin yana da girma sosai, an zaɓi hedkwatar masu fasaha da aikin da aka rarraba a tsakanin su.
Sannan kungiyar mai zane ta zama kasuwanci. Suna zana komai: haruffa, shirin baya, illa, da sauransu. Tabbas, ya juya wannan ba nan da nan - ya zama dole a yi tunanin cikakkun bayanai, hotuna, kamar yadda gwarzo ya dace da lamarin. Sau da yawa guda ɗaya da kuma gwarzo zai iya sake juyawa sau da yawa. Bayan cikakkun zane akwai tare da launi, kuma a nan ya gama shirye hali.
Matsayi na Pelultiate shine yin nazarin irin waɗannan ƙananan bayanai kamar gestures, fuskokin fuskoki da sauran ƙungiyoyi, waɗanda a cikin rayuwar talakawa da ba a san su ba. Kuma matakan karshe suna motsa jiki, halittar rai da shimfidar halitta.
Buƙatu
Mai yawan gaske na iya zama kowa. Koyaya, wajibi ne don sanin kanku da buƙatun da dabaru, kuma ya cancanci yarda da cewa idan wani yana buƙatar mahimmancin fasaha zai zama mafi sauƙi.Ilimi da fasaha
Amfanin ɗan takarar zai zama:
- jin dandano da salo;
- Fahimtar abubuwan da keyikikai da motsi;
- hangen nesa na musamman na duniya;
- ga wasu ilimin halayyar dan adam (domin samar da kuma isar da halin halin);
- Kyakkyawan hasashe;
- Tunani.
Kyakkyawan idon, ana ci gaba da ji na Kinematics da kallo, ana buƙatar. Irƙiri da aiki da aiki, saboda wani lokacin don isar da wasu motsin zuciyar, ya zama dole don jawo su da ƙirar rayuwa, amma ba koyaushe a hannu ba za a iya shirye don taimakawa. Don haka ninka sau da yawa suna tsaftace wasu motsin zuciyarsu. Kuma babban abu shine ikon zana.
Kwarewar maɓalli ya haɗa da ingantaccen amfani na kayan aiki na musamman (aƙalla ilimin kwamfuta da shirye-shiryen kwamfutarka). Za a yi godiya da lokaci, tunda duniyar zamani, ana gina duk hulɗa a kan ƙananan ƙananan kisa, sabili da haka ne kawai ya zama dole a dace da lokaci.
Kwarewar da yawa tana buƙatar ci gaba koyaushe , karɓar sabon ilimin game da hotunan da ke akwai na hoton, tunda rubutun halayyar daban-daban na iya kallon gaba daya.
Kuna iya farawa da nazarin shirye-shiryen asali - 3DSMAEx, Cinema 4d da Maya. Wannan zai taimaka wajen saya da haɓaka irin waɗannan ƙwarewar da aka yiwa zane, marubuci da aiki mai dacewa da haske.
Halaye na mutum
Kuna iya danganta ga halayen da suka wajaba:
- babban aiki;
- ikon dauki alhakin;
- sadaukarwa;
- daidaito, kusan pedantry.
- haƙuri;
- walwala da annashuwa.
- Samfuri na aikin gayya.
Fantasy ne wani muhimmin inganci na artist, tun ba tare da shi ba shi yiwuwa ya haifar da wani sabon abu a cikin nau'i na aiki. Talent ne mafi zama dole cewa multiplier dole.
Horo da aiki
Duk da cewa da diploma a cikin wannan yanki bai wajaba, shi zai zama wani gagarumin amfani da na'urar ga aiki. A mafi kyau makarantun domin ci gaba da wannan sana'a ne VGIK. Duk da haka, don shiga VGIK ba haka ba ne mai sauki - nassi na gasar a wurin akwai sosai high kuma zai iya kai mutane 40 a wuri guda.
Idan ya cancanta, yana da sauki a samu wasu mafi girma makarantu tare da dacewa baiwa. Misali:
- MOSGU (Moscow jin University).
- Cibiyar Kasuwanci da Design.
- MGOU (Moscow Jihar Regional University).
- Mgutom mai suna bayan Razumovsky (Moscow Jihar Jami'ar Technology da Management mai suna bayan K. G. Razumovsky).
- HSE.
Akwai ma game da dozin mafi m jami'o'i halitta musamman don Master kwatance na tashin hankali. Tsakanin su:
- St. Petersburg State University of Culture da Arts.
- All-Russian Jihar Cibiyar Cinematography mai suna bayan Gerasimov.
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Cinema da Television.
- Ural gine-gine da kuma m, a Jami'ar Jihar.
- St. Petersburg State Art da Masana'antu Academy suna bayan A. Shtiglitsa.
- Belgorod Jihar Institute of Arts da Al'adu.
Wani ƙunci cewa zai iya bayyana a gaban nan gaba multiplier ne a yi da kuma koyi a jami'a, za ka yi kai guda jihar jarrabawa. Bugu da kari ya na asali abubuwa, shi zai zama dole auku wallafe-wallafe. Kuma kai tsaye a lokacin kudin shiga ga jami'a za bukatar zama m hamayya.
Wani zabin samun dace da ilimi ne domin ya shiga Finerary Cinematography No. 33 (wani abu kamar kwaleji). Za ka iya zama wani multiplier bayan musamman Darussan kan tallan kayan kawa da kuma kwamfuta animation. Wannan zai ba da zama dole ilmi, amma da basira zai yi aiki da kansa.
A halin yanzu akwai sauran ƙarin fasali na sana'a multiplier. Wannan ya hada da School of Moscow Studio "Ball".
Idan muka yi la'akari da ilimi a kasashen waje, sa'an nan mai yawa na kyau makarantun suna located in Florida da kuma New York. Shi ne mafi wuya ga shiga can, amma har yanzu real.
Wurin aiki da albashi
Duk da irin mahimmancinsa, ba lallai ba ne a yi tunanin cewa Novipipide fi yawa suna samun babban kuɗi. Kwararru ne suka fara hanyar su, yawanci sun karbi daga 10,000 zuwa 20,000-25,000 rubles. Koyaya, matakin albashi zai karu da haɓakar aiki. Shafar da matakin samun kudin shiga da yankin da kamfanin ya samo asali, da sikelin sa. Babu shakka, manyan kamfanoni suna shirye don biyan masu zane-zane fiye da ƙaramin karatun yanki.
Don haka, kyakkyawan zane tare da gogewa da portfolio mai wadatar kuɗi na iya dogara da samun waɗannan adadin:
- 35 000 000 000 rubles a St. Petersburg;
- kusan 45 000 rubles a Moscow;
- daga 50,000 rubles a cikin Bashkortan.
Matsakaicin albashi a cikin Tarayyar Rasha daidai da kusan 75,000 rubles. Sigar Rayayyun zane-zane suna shirye don biyan kuɗi kusan sau biyu.
Wani muhimmin fa'idodin wannan sana'a shine idan lokacin motsawa zuwa wata ƙasa, za a sami damar samun aiki tare da kyawawan albashi (kuma, idan kuna da ƙwarewa da ƙwarewar da kuke buƙata).
A Amurka, An iya samun 4,000-5,000 y ana iya samu a Amurka. e. a wata daya. Koyaya, difloma ta ilimin da ya dace wajibi ne. Kuma kuma bukatar tabbatar da cancantar ta a kasar nan. Lokacin da na'ura a babban kamfani kamar pixar, zaku iya dogara da albashi a adadin dala 5,000,000.
Kasar ta gaba dangane da hakkin albashi don ninka ya zama Jamus - 4,700 y. E a wata. A cikin Japan, da yawa suna da ƙasa, amma akwai mafi sauƙin aiwatar da aiki. A lokacin da yake aiki na 11-12 hours a rana, da yawa da yawa ya karɓi kimanin dala dubu 10,000 a shekara. A Poland, sanannen sanannun Studio ne kaɗai, kuma masu fasaharta suna da albashin 1,100-1,900 y. e.
Kuma tabbas, babban ɓangaren albashin mai yawa ya dogara da ƙimar sa. Mafi girman albashi daga masanin, darektan da zane-zane.
