A cikin yanke shawara na hukuma da takardu, galibi zai yiwu a sadu da sharuɗɗan "ma'aikata" da "bayi." Sau da yawa ana amfani dasu azaman kalmomin, amma waɗannan nau'ikan ƙungiyoyi sun bambanta. Kowane ɗayan sharuɗɗan suna da halayen mutum na kansa. A cikin labarin, za mu magance wadancan sana'o'in da ke da alaƙa da ma'aikata.
Puliarities
A cikin Rukunin Jarrabawa, da kuma a cikin rarrabuwa na ƙwararru, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, sun kasu kashi biyu: ma'aikata da ma'aikata. Wancan ne A ƙarƙashin waɗannan nau'ikan, citizensan ƙasa suna nuna cewa suna yin aiki a cikin kamfanonin mallakar jihohi da na jihohi. Hakanan zasu iya aiki a cikin cibiyoyi daban-daban, kamfanoni da kungiyoyi. A lokaci guda, ba su da matsayin membobin ƙungiyar tare da haɗin kai ko masana'antu. Irin waɗannan satar sun san ƙwararru kawai suna aiki tare da takardu.
Don sanin ainihin waɗanda irin waɗannan ma'aikata, kuna buƙatar riƙe layi ɗaya tsakanin wannan kalmar da ma'aikata. Ma'aikata rukuni ne na mutanen da suke da kai tsaye cikin kera dabi'un kayan, ba tare da la'akari da ayyukan kamfanin ba ko kuma kamfanin kasuwanci. Kuma suna iya yin ayyukan da ke biye:
- gyara da saitin kayan aiki;
- gyara;
- sufuri (fasinja da kaya);
- ayyuka daban-daban sabis;
- Sauran ayyukan aiki.
Jerin ayyuka na aiki yakan haɗa da aikin jiki. Shine wanda ya ɗaukaci babban albashi. Hakanan ma'aikata da yawa suna aiki a kan yanki na ƙimar kuɗi. Sakamakon aiki shi ne kayan, ana iya ƙidaya kuma an auna shi. Ma'aikata suna sanya karin abubuwan da ke nuna ƙwarewa da fasaha na ƙwararru. Mafi girman rukuni, mafi girma da albashi.
Kwararru waɗanda suke magance matsalolin da ba su da hankali ana ɗaukar su ma'aikata. Don jimawa cikin jerin manufofin masu sana'a, ana buƙatar ƙwarewa ta musamman da ilimi. Don karbe su, ma'aikaci dole ne ya wuce ƙarƙashin magunguna na musamman, da kuma samun ilimin martaba na bayanin martaba.
Wadannan kwararru suna aiki ta wurare daban-daban:
- kasuwanci;
- ci gaba horo da ilimi;
- Kiwon lafiya;
- nau'ikan masana'antu;
- Sabis cikin tsarin jihar.
Ana biyan aikin kwararru a cikin hanyar ƙayyadadden albashi. An ba da fifikon ma'aikata tare da kyaututtukan kuɗi. Doka ta kafa ta hanyar doka ta kafa doka. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, sakamakon aikin wannan rukunin ba za a iya auna daidai ko lasafta shi ba. Yana yiwuwa kawai aiwatar da kimantawa na aiki. Nasarar takamaiman rarrabuwa da kamfanoni waɗanda ma'aikatu ma'aikatan ke dogara da ingancinta.
Da kungiyoyi na iya saita wasu ayyuka wanda ƙwararru ya lalace. Ana saita ma'aunin wucin gadi kamar yadda ake buƙata. SAURARA: Babban bambanci tsakanin ma'aikata da ma'aikata shine aiki. Kungiyar ta farko ita ce mafi yawan lokuta suna aiki a masana'antu, a cikin ma'adanai, a cikin filayen da sauran wurare masu kama.
Ana samun ma'aikata a ofisoshi, kuri'a, injunan, masu sauraro da sauran cibiyoyin. Cikin sharuddan samarwa, ma'aikata mamaye manyan mukamai.
Wadanne sana'a ke da dangantaka da ma'aikata?
Za'a iya raba ma'aikata na ma'aikaci cikin rukuni daban daban dangane da matsakaici, gogewa da sauran halaye. Jerin sana'a don ma'aikatan farar hula da na garuruwa suna da girma. A lokaci guda, duk fannoni sun kasu kashi uku.Firafwaru
Yanzu an fitar da manufar "Shugabannin". Ma'aikata na zamani sun maye gurbinsa da wadannan sharuddan: Darakta, manajan, Manajan Sama. Kazalika da kalmomi, irin wannan zane suna ganin: sarrafawa, kai ko shugaba. Expelled kwararru suna samun babban albashi, wanda ya dogara da matakin matsayin. Irin waɗannan ma'aikata sun haɗa da masana tattalin arziki, injiniyoyi, masu bincike da sauran manyan mukamai.
Ƙwararru
Abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun da suke aiki a cikin waɗannan hanyoyin:- injiniya;
- tattalin arziki;
- Injiniya da shugabanci na fasaha.
Ma'aikata suna haya don irin waɗannan fannoni na ɗan lauya, masanin ilimin halayyar mutum, malami da sauran kwatancen. Wannan kuma zai iya haɗawa da ƙwararru waɗanda suke maye gurbinsu da mataimakan ma'aikata na sama da posts.
Ma'aikatan Linear
Kashi na karshe wanda zamuyi la'akari da hada da sana'a iri-iri. Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi mutanen da suke tsunduma cikin takardu, sarrafa sarrafawa, adana bayanai da sauran ɗawainiya. Ma'aikata suna aiki a matsayin sakatarorin, magatakarda, jami'ai masu laifi. SAURARA: Dukkanin ma'aikata na iya zama ma'aikatan duka hukumomin birni guda biyu.
Babban aikin rukuni na biyu na rukuni na biyu shine saka idanu da mutunta hakki da kuma kundin tsarin mulkin kungiyar Rasha. Kuma suna da alhakin kare talakawa. Ma'aikatan garin na gari suna aiki a cikin kundin kunkuna. Rarrabe da hankali ya cancanci tsari na musamman waɗanda ma'aikata na ma'aikatansu suke cikin aiwatar da mahimman ayyuka na jihar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da sojojin makamai, mes da kuma tsarin bindigogi.
Ilmi
Ma'aikata suna buƙatar manyan cancantar da aka kwatanta da ma'aikata. Wani abin da ake bukata shine ilimin ƙwararru a cikin wani shugabanci. Yayin horo, ƙwararrun masu taimako na gaba suna karɓar ilimi mai mahimmanci. Bayan haka, aikin ya zo, yayin aiwatar da daliban da aka girmama kwarewa. A karkashin rarraba wajibi, an yi rajista da ɗalibai a cikin tushen kasafin kuɗi. An wajabta su don yin aiki a wani sabon wuri a wani lokaci. Don yawancin ƙwararrun novice, wannan zaɓi ne da ya dace don fara aiki.
Idan ba shi yiwuwa a sami aiki a cikin sana'a, zaku iya gwada ƙarfin ku akan ayyukan da ke gaba ɗaya ko makamantansu. Wasu sun fi son shirya tsarin jihar. Idan za ta yiwu, zaku iya canza cancantar. Baya ga kasancewar ilimi mai girma, ana iya sa ƙarin buƙatu ga dan takarar. Misali, kasancewar ilimi na musamman da dabarun da za a iya samu a babban darussan. Kwarewar kwararru waɗanda suke son cimma nasarar cin nasara a koyaushe suna tsunduma cikin ci gaban kai kuma suna inganta a kai a kai a kai.
Kuna iya zaɓar kowane shugabanci a Cibiyar ko Jami'a, ko fasaha ce ta fasaha ko kuma ɗan adam. Kafin shigar da jami'a, tabbatar da gano abin da kuke buƙatar ƙaddamar da takardu, kuma waɗanne abubuwa ne ake buƙatar shawo kan jarrabawar. M ne Rashanci. Sauran ya dogara da zaɓin da aka zaɓa cikin karatu (sunadarai, tarihi, ilimin lissafi da sauransu). Za'a iya shigar da cibiyar ilimi mai zurfi kawai bayan kammala karatun daga azuzuwan 11. Pupilsalibai waɗanda suka gama karatun daga azuzuwan 9 na iya zuwa makarantar, kuma bayan karɓar difloma don ƙaddamar da takardu don babban ilimi.
SAURARA: Ma'aikata suna karban kwarewar kwarewa a makarantun fasaha, kwalejoji ko cibiyoyin horarwa na musamman.
Albashin
Dalibai da yawa suna shafar matakin albashi:
- Yankin da wani kwararrun ayyuka;
- gwanintan aiki;
- Kasancewar mahimmancin ƙwarewar ƙwararru;
- wurin aiki;
- Matsayi da aka gudanar.
Misali, la'akari da ma'aikata banki. Ma'aikata na wata cibiyar za su sami dama da yawa. Albashin kai ko shugaba ya sha bamban da albashin mai kudi ko mai tsaro. Zaku iya kimanta statisticsididdigar albashin Rasha ta hanyar shafukan bincike na aiki. Akwai ainihin matakin albashi. Kuma kuma wannan zaɓi ne mai amfani don bincike na Ayuba.
Zazzanzocin da suka karɓi bayin gwamnati (jami'ai). Matsalarsu na albashi ya fi na ma'aikata na masana'antar tattalin arziki. SAURARA: Kimanin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, ma'aikata sun sami ƙarin ma'aikata. Wannan ya haifar da babban buƙata don bayanan sana'a. A sakamakon haka, yawan masu ƙwararrun ma'aikatan ma'aikata waɗanda suke yin aikin jiki (magudanan, walds, maƙarƙashiya da sauran matsayi) sun ragu. Yanzu matakin ma'aikatan albashi sun fara girma saboda kasawar kwararrun masters.
Aiki
Yiwuwar girman ci gaban aiki ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen zabar sana'a. Ga ma'aikata mafi dacewa a wannan batun idan aka kwatanta da ma'aikata. Idan kuna aiki a cikin kamfani guda ko ƙungiyar isasshen lokaci, yana yiwuwa a bincika wurin shiryuwa. Har zuwa wannan, ma'aikaci dole ne ya sami ingantaccen ilimi kuma ya nuna ƙwarewar ƙwararrunsu a matakin mafi girma. Saurin gabatarwa a kan tsaran na aiki zai dogara da gasa.
Yawanci, Mutane sun zama ma'aikata waɗanda suke son samun dacewa da kulawa sosai. A cikin duniyar zamani, sabbin wurare suna cikin hanzari suna fitowa, yayin da wasu tsoffin gurasar rasa mahimmanci. Zabi aiki a cikin wani yanki ko tsarin birni, ƙwarewa na iya zama da ƙarfin gwiwa a nan gaba. Kwanan nan, sananniyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun suna samun shahara. Suna hada fannoni da yawa, suna rufe da umarnin fasaha da kuma fasahar fasaha. Masu kwararru suna buƙatar babban tsari na ilimi da ƙwarewar kwarewa, amma don aikinsu, ma'aikaci yana karɓar babban albashi da kuma yiwuwar gabatarwa mai sauri ta hanyar aiki.
Wani yanayi na tilas ne ci gaba. Babban gasa yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa ya zama dole a inganta don kai gaba ɗaya, karɓar sabon ilimin da ƙwarewa. A wannan yanayin, za a yi amfani da darussan ƙungiyoyi, waɗanda ake gudanar da su bisa ingantattun cibiyoyin ilimi ko a cikin cibiyoyin horo na musamman. Kuma ba zai zama ci gaban kai ba. Cancanta da kayan aiki tare da littattafai.
Bude damar samun laccoci da sauran kayan amfani. Youngerarnin matasa ya yi zabi a cikin yarda da koyo kan layi, ta hanyar yanar gizo, Taro da laccoci.
