A Urals ne da gaskiya da kira cikin taskar Rasha. Wannan shi ne wani malachite akwatin cike da wani iri-iri na da duwatsu masu daraja.
Siffantarwa
An dade an cire da kyau Ural duwatsu, tun da fitowan na farko Rasha baƙi. A ƙarshen XVI karni, Ayarori da kaya daga Solikamsk zuwa yawon shakatawa da kuma Tyumen fara tafiya daga Turai zuwa Asia da kuma mayar. Sa'an nan da tama da aka gano, da kuma bayan ta, da patterned bambancin duwatsu - agate da yasfa. A ambatar su a karon farko ya bayyana a cikin XVII karni.
A wannan lokacin, hakar ma'adinai da aka za'ayi da wani handicraft, tono aka za'ayi da taimakon Kirk da manyan cokula. Rami, Schurfs da Tsorni kusan bai karfafa wani abu, da kuma aikin da aka mai hatsari ba ne kawai don kiwon lafiya, amma ko da rai. Sau da yawa, kyau duwatsu masu daraja samu kawai a kan surface na Duniya, tare da bankunan na koguna da qarqashinsu, fadi fita a lokacin da magani daga gidãjen Aljanna. Mai hakar gwal mãsu mayẽwa farko kawai sayar untreated duwatsu zuwa dillalai. Amma a hankali ya fara bayyana Masters, shan kashe a gudanar da wani yanke, sa na asali kwalaye, da kayan ado, tsarabobi.
A cikin Urals, akwai kusan duk ma'adanai ban sha'awa tsakanin jewelers, kuma a cikin manyan yawa. Wasu daga cikin su sami kawai a cikin wannan yanki.
A kimiyya na mineralogy, akwai irin wannan lokaci a matsayin "gaske tsiri na Urals". Wannan shi ne yankin ƙasar da ya faru na daraja, Semi-m kuma bambancin duwatsu located a kan m gangara na Ural Mountains. Its tsawon daga arewa zuwa kudu ne kamar 100 kilomita. A sana'a matakin, da George na duwatsu masu daraja soma nazarin kawai a karshen cikin XIX karni.
Ajiya da kuma hakar ma'adinai
A farko kuma mafi girma ajiya ne Slobod Murzinka a wancan lokacin. A nan a 1668 na farko duwatsu masu daraja da aka samu ta Tumashev 'yan'uwa. Daga wannan lokaci kan, da rayuwar da mazauna ya canja matu. Mazauna kauyuka fara tsame duwatsu masu daraja. Superfathers daga sauran wurare fara zo nan, ƙauyen da aka girma.
Kara ci gaba da, wani dutse hali samu a zamanin mulkin Peter Mai girma. Suka bayar da umarni, bisa ga abin da wani zai iya nema ya kuma samu ma'adanai da kuma ko'ina, godiya ga wanda da yawa masana'antu bayyana a cikin Urals. A lokaci guda, yi na St. Petersburg aka fara. Fiye da daban-daban breeds na dutse, kazalika da Masters suka san yadda za su rike shi, aka bukata don ginawa da kuma ado da gine-gine da kuma manyan gidãje. A Urals fara aika Mining kwararru don tsara ganima a dama sikelin.
Domin fiye da shekaru 200 na ci gaba, daruruwan ton na da kyau kwarai duwatsu masu daraja da Semi-duwatsu masu daraja - Topaz, Berylov, Alexandrites kuma waɗansu da yawa da aka dauka daga Murzinsky Rudniks.
A Kudu Ural ne ma wani wuri na ma'adinai na kyau translucent amethyters.
Wani shahararren ajiya ne Malyshevsky. Yana samar da muhimmanci emeralds na ban mamaki kyakkyawa. Sarrafa zuwa yanzu. A 1993, wani crystal yin la'akari 1.2 kilo aka mined a wannan nawa, kuma a shekarar 2013 yin la'akari kadan fiye da daya kilogram.
The girman kai na Urals za a iya ce, katin mu'amala, shekaru masu yawa ne Malachite. Daga farkon na XVIII kuma a cikin XIX karni, wannan dutse aka mined a kan wata babbar sikelin. Malachite aka yi amfani ga yi na caskets, tabletops, vases, bango mosaics, daban-daban kananan tsarabobi. Ya aka sayar a kasashen waje. Alal misali, a Versailles akwai Apartments ado da goge faranti daga wannan dutse.
A cikin labarin baki da Ural Rudokopov da prospectors, irin hotunan a matsayin jan dutsen da ta uwar gida, wanda shi ne mai boye dukiyar da zai iya taimaka gaskiya ma'aikata a cikin search.
A mafi girma hakar ma'adinai na Malachite wani Gumbyshevsky nawa.
Kyshtymsky, Tagil da Mednodyansky sun kuma shahara. Yanzu da bincika adibas na malachite kusan cikakkiyar sifa, kawai a wasu wurare da shi ne har yanzu yiwu a sami kananan samfurori a size. Duk da haka, wasu masana kimiyya, geologists da kuma mineralogues ne m cewa a cikin zurfin na Urals akwai da yawa untouched reserves wannan ban mamaki dutse. Saboda haka da search ci gaba, da kuma watakila za a wani zamanin da malachite yawa.
Abussa
A Urals hadu da dama ma'adanai. A wadannan za a iya kunshe a cikin jerin. Halitta masu daraja da kuma Semi-duwatsu masu daraja.
- Alexandrite . Rufe saman da mafi tsada da kuma rare duwatsu masu daraja a duniya. Its rarrabe ne canji a launi tare da kore tare da halitta haske a kan m, a wucin gadi. Sunan da aka samu a cikin girmamawa ga Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Alexander biyu. A halin yanzu, da Alexandrite ajiya a cikin Urals yana dauke da za a ci gaba, da hakar ma'adinai na dutse ba samar.
- Amethyst . By sinadaran abun da ke ciki shi ne wani ma'adini. Yana yana da wani m launi, shi ya faru tare da m komowar ruwa. M ba kawai a yanke, amma kuma a cikin nau'i na untreated abokai. Ural amethysts kasashen waje da ake kira Siberian.
A cewar kyakkyawa, suna kiyasta a wani tsari na girma fi Ceylon da kuma Brazil.
- Emerald . A cewar mineralogical terminology, nasa beryls na kore. Yana da wani duwatsu masu daraja daga cikin na farko da kungiyar, da kuma a saman biyar, mafi tsada da su, mamaya da daraja na uku wuri. Domin da farko lokacin da aka gano a 1830. Emeralds na Ural adibas ne halin da zurfin da jikewa na kore.
- TBAYA . Famous bincike, Mineralog, Academician Alexander Evgenievich Fersman ce cewa Rasha Topases suna bambanta da canza launi da kuma kyakkyawa a tsakanin irin wannan duwatsu masu daraja daga sauran kasashe, da kuma za su iya a sama na kira mu girman kai. Duwatsu daga ayyuka daban-daban sun banbanta da launi. Misali, ana samun lu'ulu'u marasa launi a cikin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta. Babban nauyi na fiye da kilo 10. Rawaya da shuɗi suna zuwa Murzi da Autoisk. Rasberi, ruwan hoda da bluish - a cikin Urals na Kudancin.
- Demunid, ko Green Greenade. Da wuya kuma mafi tsada ga dukkan sanannun gurneti. An samo dutse na farko a cikin 1868, a fannin Nizhny Tagil. Yana da shekara 6, daga baya, a cikin 1874, Umantoids fara min min dided a siyar rudnik. Launi na duwatsun na iya bambanta: kore, pistachio, rawaya-zuma, zinari.
A refraction na haskoki haske a kan demantoids bayan yanke shi ne m zuwa Diamonds. An yaba dasu a duk faɗin duniya.
- Lu'u-lu'u . Daya daga cikin mafi wuya ma'adanai. Za a iya zama launuka daban-daban. Mafi yawan lokuta yakan faru da fari, m, baƙar fata, launin toka. Kwafi tare da kore, launin ruwan kasa, rawaya, shuɗi da ruwan hoda ya zo. Diamonds daga lissafin suna daga cikin mafi tsada.
- Mariskit . Sabon sabon masana kimiyya. A shekara ta 2011, ma'adanai an buɗe a cikin tsaunuka na Uld, a cikin abun da ke ciki kusa da Alexandritrit. Dutse yana kore, lokacin canzawa, hasken baya canzawa.
- Dakalin salam . Tana nufin, kamar Emerald, ga Berill kungiyar. An fara gano shi a ƙarshen karni na XIX, a filin filin Adechsky, arewacin Yekaterinburg. Yana da gaskiya nuna gaskiya da shuɗi shuɗi.
A tsakiyar ulals, cikakken adana kudade, crystal na dutse, smoky ma'adini, chrysolites, lerylov na launuka daban-daban da sauran kyawawan duwatsun da aka bude.
Duk ma'adanai ana amfani dasu sosai a kayan ado.
Rukuni dabam yana wakiltar abin da ake kira duwatsu. Kayan ado marasa tsada - Pendants, beads, zobba, mundaye. Kuma kuma adadi daban-daban, katako, yana tsaye, yana tsaye, sigari. Mafi yawan abubuwan da suka fi kowa ke da su.
- Maƙogwaro . Sanannen dutse. M, a sauƙaƙe, a sauƙaƙe, ana iya yanke shi, niƙa, goge, goge. Babban yanayin da ke da kyau a kan yanke ka ba ka damar amfani da shi a cikin samar da Mosaic, don yin ado masugidan.
- Orlets, ko Rodonit. Ulal yana da manyan hannun jari na wannan nau'in. Launi na ma'adinai ya bambanta daga ruwan hoda zuwa duhu-ceri, tare da manyan launuka iri-iri. Mafi sau da yawa, yana tsaye, filayen fure, an cire kyandir daga ciki.
- Jin ƙoƙawa . A cikin Urals, 8 jinsunan wannan bambancin dutse aka mined. Musamman mai yawa da shi a kudancin, dukan cliffs daga Jasper zo fadin. A launi makirci da aka bambanta da wani iri-iri: kore, da launin toka, rawaya, ja inuwõyinta suna kusa, a cikin mafi m haduwa da kuma zane. A ma'adinai ne m, rakumi da aiki da kuma polishing, shi dai itace m kayayyakin daga gare ta.
- serpentine . Stone da laushi tsarin. Canza launi Dark kore tare da baki ko ruwan kasa bangaye.
Kama da wani fata na maciji, don haka yana da wani sunan - "Zmeevik".
- Pyrite . Yana Ya ƙãra taurin, amma sarrafa da kyau. Coloring rawaya-zinariya, da nika bayyana haske, kama wani karfe.
- Chalcedony da iri da - Agat, onis, cat ido, carnelian, Mokhovik. Daga wadannan ma'adanai sa ƙawane da 'yan kunne, suspensions. A launi daga cikin duwatsun iya zama mafi daban-daban: kore, yellow, launin ruwan kasa, da shuɗi, da dama tabarau.
- Nephritis . Green-m, mai haske kore, wani lokacin Milky fari. Taurin ne quite high. Yawancin lokaci amfani da samar da tsarabobi.
Roƙo
Domin da dama ƙarni, da kayayyakin daga Ural Gems suna alfahari da Rasha. Suna amfani da ko'ina a daban-daban rassan kayan ado, da na dutse, da na dutse art. M ayyukan Ural Masters ne sosai high . Interior abubuwa, tsarabobi, caskets, kayan ado da kuma m kayan ado ne a babban bukatar ba kawai a cikin kasar, amma kuma bayan.
Waɗannan su ne wadannan ne na gaske duwatsu na Urals. Daban-daban launi, abun da ke ciki, aikace-aikace, amma daidai da kyau.
Overview na Ural Gems See gaba video.