Wannan abu ne mai ban gaskiya, amma sosai manufar "Origami", wanda muke amfani a yau, a gaskiya ƙirƙira kawai a 1880. Kafin wannan, Orient takarda crafts aka kira "Orikat" (wanda a zahiri ya nuna "Figures cewa suna folded"). Origami ne musamman rare a Japan, a sauran kasashen Asiya, ciki har da kasar Sin, kuma wannan dabara a yau da aka sani zuwa ga dukan duniya.
Wanda kuma a lokacin da bai da Origami zo da?
Origami ne musaman subspecies na ado da kuma aiyuka art, kasar na asalin abin da yake tsoho kasar Sin. A nan ne takarda da aka kirkiro a lokaci daya, kuma wannan shi ne babban abu daga wanda m Figures ne ake halittawa. Sunan da dabara zo daga Japan sharuddan "Ori" - "Bugu da kari" da "Kami" - takarda (wani lokacin fassara a matsayin "Allah"). A ainihi, Origami ne a kere halittar dukan Figures daga wani musamman irin takarda ga yara da kuma manya.
A farko, irin wannan figurines aka yi amfani da addini dalilai da haka kawai sufaye da wakilan da nobility sun iya yin su. Da aka zaci cewa, irin crafts ya kamata su iya samar da daga takarda dukkan mutane tare da babban matsayi a cikin al'umma. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa ƙarni da suka wuce wannan zama da aka dauke babbar. Ana zargin wannan art sanya shi yiwuwa a yada wannan al'adun duniya.
A mafi m ci gaba da kuma rayayye popularization na Origami faru a Japan. A Japan ne riga a lokacin da Hayene daular, wanda ya wanzu daga 794 zuwa 1185, sau da yawa amfani daban-daban takarda Figures ga aiwatar da daban-daban bikin. Alal misali, samurai gabatar da juna wasu alamu na sa'a a cikin wani nau'i na qwarai daga wata takarda tushe. Origami aka sau da yawa hadu a bikin aure bikin: a kan Hauwa'u na taron mai yawa takarda kwari aka halitta newlyweds.
Wannan art a tsakiyar zamanai aka samu a wasu kasashe, ba kawai asian, amma kuma Turai.
A Turai, da rashin alheri, babu wani da yawa bayanai game da yadda ma'adanin na Bugu da kari na Figures daga takarda tushe ya ɓullo. Duk da haka, an san ga wasu da cewa, misali, da Larabawa ya fara yin Origami a tsakiyar cikin 6th karni, Maurus kawo wannan dabara a kan Pyrenean Larabawa a cikin 9th karni. A Jamus ya fara haifar da m Figures a cikin XV-XVI ƙarni. A kasashen Turai, Origami aka kuma yi amfani a lokacin bikin. Amma da gaske gaye a Turai, wannan asali art ya zama kawai game da XVII-XVIII ƙarni, yayin da akwai riga da yawa classic dabaru a wancan lokacin. A cikin XIX karni, da Origami samu wani sabon zagaye na hauka bukatar. Friedrich Fabells, samar da makarantu, ya miƙa zuwa fara amfani da Origami to taimako yara ci gaba kadan yatsa motility.
Tun da 60s na karni na 20th, Origami ya zama wani gaye shugabanci a art. Kusan a ko'ina, musamman makarantu da kuma da'irori koyar da Turawa a ninka sauki da kuma hadadden Figures na mutane da dabbobi daga takarda. To, wannan wani asali da irin art, a matsayin Origami na ire type, aka kuma ƙirƙira. Wannan fasaha ya sãɓã, muhimmanci daga litattafansu. A cikin saba nau'i na Origami adadi mafi yawa lebur kuma folded daga daya takarda ganye. A cikin ire dabara, da adadi zai kunshi wani yawan sassa, wanda aka saka cikin juna a so domin. A sakamakon haka, akwai wani girma samfurin.
Development of fasahar
Classic Origami crafts ne mafi kusantar su kama lebur Figures - shi ne yawanci dabbobi daban daban, ko kuma abubuwa da suke da daya kawai fuska gefen kuma ba za a iya vertically tsaye a kan wani lebur surface. Wannan dabara halitta Cats da beyar, snowmen da kuma wasu masu ban sha'awa Figures. A labarin jihohin da a kowace jiha na duniya akwai siffofin wannan ban sha'awa dabara, dangane lõkacin da ta je wani takamaiman kasar da kuma yadda popularized.
Alal misali, duk yara a Rasha sa jiragen ko jiragen sama daga takarda ga da yawa shekarun da suka gabata, ba tare da tuhumar cewa wadannan su ne m Figures daga dabara na Sauki Origami.
Mafi shahara ne da wadannan dabaru domin samar da m Figures daga musamman takarda.
Sauki Origami
Sauki Origami je sama tare English Jagora John Smith. A peculiarity wannan dabara ne cewa a lokacin da samuwar Figures, kawai Hanyar nadawa "nunin" da "kwarin" yana amfani. Wannan salon ne cikakke ga mafari sana'a. Akwai wani hadadden ideas da suke da hankula ga misali kayan aiki. Sauki Origami ne mai dabara da wanda suka fara koyar da yara wannan irin Asian art.
M "By juna"
The juna ne a janye a cikin nau'i na bayyananne zane, shi ne a kan shi cewa zai kasance a nan gaba adadi (za a duk data kasance abubuwa da folds na gaba figurines). Za ku ne kawai da ya ba da siffar da zaba adadi. Amma da yawa kwararru har yanzu la'akari da wannan dabara wuya ga sabon shiga. Godiya ga wannan asali hanya, yana yiwuwa ya ninka da siffa kansa, kuma idan ya cancanta, to san daidai da yadda aka yi. Saboda wannan dalili, alamu an yi amfani da ci gaban zamani prototypes.
Da dabara na "rigar" Origami
Yana da aka kirkiro da wani kere master mai suna Akir Esidzava. Ya kawai ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da ba a manya-manyan yawan ruwa ba takarda abu plasticity. Amfani da ruwa, takarda Figures fara don saya da ake so smoothness na Lines, su siffofin zama fiye da ma'ana da kuma m.
Wannan hanya ya kamata a yi amfani domin shuke-shuke ko dabba Figures, kamar yadda suka suna dauke mafi hadaddun . Bugu da kari, godiya ga dabara na "rigar" nadawa, da ƙãre adadin duba yawa fiye da sauƙi. Domin irin wannan hanya, musamman m takarda da ake amfani, shi dogara ne a kan musamman manne. Tare da shi, da takarda fiber za a mafi alhẽri da alaka da juna.
Kusudama
Wannan shi ne wani nau'i ne na m ire Origami. Jigon da aikin ne don tattara siffofi a cikin nau'i na wani kwano na takarda sassa na Cones. Domin ga karshe adadi ya zama m, wadannan bayanai yawanci makale tare da juna. Tare da wannan dabara, za ka iya ƙirƙiri kawai ban mamaki qagaggun daga takarda launuka da kuma ado da su da ciki na wani gidaje.
Art, a wannan zamanin
A heyday na Origami duniya zo nan da nan bayan karshen yaki a shekarar 1945, a lokacin da Origami, tare da American sojoji, buga na farko a Amurka, da kuma riga kadan daga baya - a da yawa kasashen Turai.
Af, da art kama Origami, wani lokacin ya bayyana da kansa a kasashe daban-daban. Alal misali, a makaranta takarda Figures a Spain da aka sani, shi ake dangantawa da sunan Miguel Umu. Wannan makaranta a lokaci daya rarraba ta dabara domin nadawa takarda Figures ko don asashen Kudancin Amirka. The mazaunan Spain da fito da nasu hanya domin samar da classic takarda Figures, da kuma a Bugu da kari, ƙirƙirarru, kuma fundamentally sabon (Hanyar samar da takarda Pathrites).
Ma'adanin na Origami bayyana a Faransa ƙasa kusa zuwa ƙarshen XIX karni da kuma aka rayayye yi amfani da masihirta - da suka kasance a kan idanu na sihirce jama'a, sun sanya wani kananan tsuntsu daga takardar da talakawa farar takarda, wadda sauya ra'ayi suka mara fuka-fuki .
Kowace} asa soma ma'adanin na classic Origami, shan la'akari nasu kasa hadisai.
A Holland, halittar takarda Figures koma zuwa ado da kuma aiyuka art, shi tsaye a can a daya jere tare da kõre da mai walƙiya, kuma saka macrame.
A Rasha, Origami fasahar da aka gwada a matsayin daya daga cikin horo da dabaru, a kindergartens da kuma makarantu . Ana ciyar da malamai tare da azuzuwan yara, suna nuna musu, yadda za a ƙara fasahar wurare daban-daban daga ginin takarda na musamman. Irin wannan nau'in kerawa yana ba ku damar haɓaka bawai kawai ƙwanƙara ba, har ma yana tunani, da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, dabaru.
Dukkanin asalin gargajiya suna da tushe. Koyaya, yau zaka iya saduwa da irin waɗannan samfuran da ke nada daga alwatika, murabba'i, polygon.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
An yi imanin cewa an buga bugu na asali na asali na asali a cikin 1797, sunan mai magana "Samisazuka Orikat" ("Yadda za a gina 1000 cranes"). Marubucin Akisato Rito ya bayyana a cikin shi ba hanyoyi da yawa daban-daban na samar da adadi, nawa ne girmamawa kan al'adun ƙasarsa ta kusa.
A Guinness Littafi na Records, za ka iya samun mafi m nasarori alaka da Origami dabara. Akwai rikodi don mafi yawan tushen asalin asalin, mafi yawan cumbersome adadi, ƙaramin ƙira da sauran bayanan da yawa.
Af, daga takarda kafa wanda Zhuravlik tun 1999 wata alama ce ta zaman lafiya a duk duniya. Kwanan nan, shahararren shahararrun takarda aka kirkira. Tsayinsa ya wuce 6 m, ya auna kilo 794. A crane ya haka babbar cewa dole ne ya tattara da kuma nuna wa masu sauraro a Big Stadium.
Wani gogaggen Asali asalin halittar Master, Akira Nitia, ya kirkiro mafi kankanin rurin da ke cikin duniyar microscopic tare da sigar Microscopic tare da sigogin 0.1x0.1 mm. AKire ya aiwatar da wannan aikin mai zafi tare da taimakon ƙwararrun ƙwararru da kuma ingantaccen microscope.
Yawancin lokaci, an kirkiro lambobin Japanese daga nau'in takarda na musamman. Munters na zamani na iya amfani da takarda na zamani don irin waɗannan dalilai na yau da kullun, wani lokacin zaku iya samun lambobi daga alewa daga alewa daga alewa. An yi amfani da takarda na jaridar yau da kullun. Mafi kyawun kyauta na iya zama ɗan Figurhine, da kyau daɗaɗɗen daga banki na kuɗi.
7.
Hot