Ofaya daga cikin kayan kida na baƙon abu, wanda ba a san yawancin ɗayanmu ba, shine Carillon. An sanya su a majami'u da kuma shingen kararrawa don ba da mafi munin mahimmanci. Tarihin bayyanar wannan kayan aiki, bayanin, da wuraren da zaku iya jin kiɗan Carillon a Rasha, za mu yi la'akari da wannan labarin.
Mece ce?
Carillo kayan kida ne na musamman wanda ya ƙunshi wani adadin karrarawa daban daban. An saita su a cikin tsari na Chromic na Musamman tsakanin 2 zuwa 6. Sautin kayan aikin ya dogara da girman kararrawa, amma kuma daga kayan kerawa, kazalika daga farfajiyar kararrawa. The Outchestra daga irin wannan kararrawa suna wasa saboda gaskiyar cewa dukkan abubuwa an gyara su a cikin tsayayyen, da harsunan ciki ana haɗa su da waya ta musamman, waɗanda ke da keɓance makirci.
Kowace kararrawa tana ba da bayanin sa bisa ga saiti.
Ana iya sarrafa Carillons 3 hanyoyi.
- A cikin sarrafa inji, yana bukatar amfani da manyan manyan dumam da ramuka daga abin da za'a iya ganin tukwici mai kaifi.
- A cikin lantarki, duk iko shine kawai ta hanyar kwamfutar.
- A cikin jagora - godiya ga girgiza da hannaye da kafafu, da kuma matsawa kafafu a kan levers. Godiya garesu, zaku iya canza sautin bayanin kula da ƙarfin sauti.
Ka'idar aikin irin wannan kayan aiki kamar jiki ne, kawai maimakon bututu mai amfani da karrarawa.
Tarihin kayan kida
Godiya ga tarin kwari a cikin Sin, ana iya faɗi cewa Carillons na farko har yanzu suna cikin karni na V BC. Bayan nazarin kayan aiki, ya juya cewa yana da sauti mai yawa, kuma kowane kararrawa na iya yin sauti biyu a cikin sautuna 2, idan kun buga shi daga bangarorin daban-daban.
A Turai, Carillons sun bayyana a ƙarni XIV-XV-XV da ambatonsu da ambaton su kwanakin baya zuwa 1478. A Faransa da netherlands suna amfani da su yayin bauta a majami'u Katolika. An sanya su a kan Hasumiya sa'ad da aka yi amfani da su azaman kayan kida.
Yin wasa da kayan aiki yana da kyau sosai, kuma wanda aka gada.
Carillson wanda aka sanya a cikin gidan Katolika na Katolika ya kamata ya sami kararrawa 23 da aka sanya a cikin tsari na chromatic. A cikin Orthodox, komai ya bambanta. Kowane kararrawa na gaba dole ne ya zama sau 2 ko ƙasa da wanda ya gabata. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin sun bayyana da kansa da juna.
A cikin birnin Dunkirk akwai wakilcin farko na wannan kayan aiki tare da kisan sababbin kida, da Jan Van beven da aka ƙirƙira shi na musamman a bayyane. A cikin 1481, Jagora da ba a san shi ba ya taka leda a cikin Aastst, kuma a cikin 1487 wani Elisus debuted a Antwerp. A cikin 1510, an tattara wani Carillon a Audidenard tare da mage sha da karrarawa 9. Tuni a cikin rabin karni, an ƙirƙiri sigar wayar hannu.
Shahararren kayan aikin bai tsaya ba har yanzu, kowace shekara yawan amfanin kawai ya ƙaru. A cikin 1652, ingantacciyar Carillon 51 tare da sauti mai jituwa ta bayyana. Kodayake ya kasance abin farin ciki ne, ya ji daɗin bukatar har sai yaƙin Holland da Ingila ta fara. Sannan a karshen karni na XVII ya fara yakin don filayen Mutanen Espanya, ragin tattalin arziki ya fara, saboda haka samar da carillons ya ragu sosai.
Tarurrukan kayan aiki ya fara a Belgium, a cikin birnin Mechen, a cikin karni na XIX. An gane shi a matsayin tsakiyar kiɗan Carillon. Yanzu akwai shahararrun gasa na duniya na wasa akan Carililion da ake kira "Sarauniya Faniola". Duk matsaloli da sabbin abubuwan ci gaba da suka shafi fasahar wasan an tattauna daidai a can.
A halin yanzu, 4 manyan carillons suna wasa a cikin birni, mafi yawan sun ƙunshi kararrawa 197. Ofayansu yana da hannu kuma ana amfani dashi don abubuwan da suka dace. Yana tsaye a kan tura na katako, wanda aka birgima akan murabba'in. A cikin wannan kayan birni, an girka ƙarar birni, wadda aka sa a cikin 1480.
Wasu kayan aikin uku suna cikin hasumiyar majami'u na majami'u.
A Munich, makaranta ta musamman tana aiki a cikin binciken wannan fasaha, wanda aka kafa a cikin 1922. E. E ya halarci ɗalibai daga dukkan ƙasashe na duniya. Horar da hawan horo daban da kowane ɗalibi na shekaru 6.
Kamar yadda aka sani sosai daga tarihi, a cikin kowane irin kayan aikin wannan kayan aikin, kimanin kofe 6,000 aka yi. An rasa sashinsu a lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe. A halin yanzu, a cikin duk ƙasashe, kusan carills 900 za a iya ƙidaya (13 daga cikinsu suna da hannu), mafi karancin nauyin da tagulla. Tana cikin Ikklisiyar Cocin a Amurka, ta tattara daga kararrawa 700, mafi yawan muni yana nauyin tan 20.5 kuma yana da da'irar 3.5 m.
Sanannen carillons a Rasha
A Rasha, Karlon ta sami shahararru na godiya ga Sarkin Peter I. An karɓi kayan aikin daga Holland da sanye da karrarawa 35 da kuma sanye da karrarawa 35. Shekaru 25, ba a yi amfani da shi ba, sannan aka shigar dashi a Storstersburg a cikin Belfry na Cetropavlovsky Cathedral. A shekara ta 1756 Wata wuta ta faru, da kuma kayan aikin da aka ƙone tare da Babban Cathedral.
Etisabeth Petrovna ya umarci analogon, amma 38 Karrarawa. A 1776 an kafa ta. Ya yi fushi, sai ya rushe, kuma bayan juyin juya halin ya lalace. Yanzu akwai irin waɗannan kayan aikin da yawa a Rasha.
An maimaita Carillon ya bayyana a St. Petersburg don girmama shekaru 300 na garin. An sake saita kayan aikin a kan Belfry na Cathedral Cathedral. A cikin hasumiyar kararrawa uku na karrarawa suna cikin kowane jere. V Ofaya daga cikin - 11 flemish, a wani - 22 crethodox karrarawa, a karo na uku - 18 karrarawa na tarihi waɗanda suka kasance daga kayan aikin farko na Dutch.
Wani Carillon yana kan tsibirin giciye. Wannan kayan aikin zamani ne tare da ikon lantarki. Ya ƙunshi 23 na lantarki da karrarawa na 18.
Mafi kwanan nan, an kawo kayan aiki mai-hudu na Holland, yana cikin Belgorod. An kafa shi bisa girmama mai bikin murnar prokhorovsky. Na farko Sanar da masu sauraro tare da sautin kayan aiki ya faru ne a Yuli 12 ga Yuli, 2019. Carillo na zamani na musamman ne, ya ƙunshi karrarawa 51, na iya aiki a cikin hanyoyi 2: injiniya da jagora. Bugu da kari, yana da hannu, ana iya shigar da shi a cikin manyan motoci na musamman kuma yana ɗaukar birnin, don Allah a kan kidan fans ɗin sa. Ana rarrabe ƙirar cikin sassa 3, saboda haka yana da sauƙi a ɗauka har zuwa motar fasinja.
A shekara ta 2001, godiya ga masu ladabi a cikin garin Konfiga, wanda ke cikin Karenelia, 2 Carills daga 18 da 23 karrarawa. An kawo su daga Netherlands kuma an sanya su gwargwadon tsari ɗaya.
Babban kayan aikin shigar a cikin hanyar aikin gini a gidan kankara. Wannan kira na kirtani yana da girma 14 m, an tattara ta da karrarawa a ɓangarorin biyu. Gaba ɗayan nauyinsu 500 kg.
Littlean ƙaramin Carillon an shigar da shi a cikin tsakiyar gari gaban gidan kayan gargajiya na Kondopog. Kayan aiki shine ƙira mai ban sha'awa, ƙananan ɓangaren wanda yake sanye da agogo, kuma saman a cikin hanyar matakala 3 sanye da karrarawa. Kiɗan Carillon yana wasa kowane awa a cikin bambancin ci gaba.
