Ana gabatar da kayan kida a cikin kewayon da yawa. Daya daga cikin manyan igiyoyi shine bass biyu, wanda yake da aikace-aikace da yawa. Ana amfani da irin wannan kayan aiki a cikin tawali'u na Symphony, a cikin Jazz da waƙar zamani. Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa kayan aikin an ƙirƙiri ƙarni uku da suka gabata kuma har zuwa yau, yana ba da sauti mai kyau da kuma duk wani abun da kowane abun da kowane abun da ke ciki zai zama na musamman. Mawaƙa suna bukatun kayan aikin fasaha da salon fasaha wanda ke ba wannan kayan aiki. A cikin labarin, muna ba da bayanin ban biyu na bass na biyu, jinsunansa, za mu ba da shawarwari kan kafa, da kuma bayar da labarin tarihinta.
Mece ce?
Kayan aikin da ke cikin ƙungiyar violin suna da bambance-bambance, amma biyu bass bai taɓa ɗauka misali a cikin hanyar ba. Wannan kayan aikin an kirkireshi daga duwatsun katako, da ƙirar da ta yi kama da tsarin guitar na yau da kullun tare da rufin. Baya ga daidaitaccen dafce da bawo tare da gidaji da iyawa, yana da ramuka da kuma tsaye. Kyakkyawan fasalin wannan samfurin shine cewa kawai ana amfani da kauri mai kauri a ciki. Sau da yawa ana yin su da karfe, kayan roba ko ketgut, amma koyaushe suna da tagulla ko azurfa. Bass na biyu yana da ban sha'awa.
Don kunna shi yana buƙatar baka, wanda aka gabatar a cikin masu girma dabam dangane da nau'in.
Tsarin Jamusanci ana santa ta wani abu mai kauri da gajerun sigogi, da Faransanci na da bakin ciki da tsayi, don haka ne manemaversan.
'Yan wasan kwaikwayo na zamani suna da wasu bambance-bambancen daban daban, duk da haka akwai wasu bambance-bambance a cikin dabarun amfani. Dole ne a kiyaye samfurin Faransanci a saman, yayin da yatsa ya kamata ya kasance ƙarƙashin Cane, ba kamar Jamusawa, wanda ke riƙe gefe, kuma yatsan a ƙasa.
Amma ga girman bass biyu, sun bambanta. Tsawon mafi girma yana kaiwa 1.8 m, kuma kadan kamar Cello ne. Yana da kyau a lura cewa wannan siga ya bambanta da Pield wanda ake amfani dashi azaman tallafi. A cikin 30s karni na 20, an kirkiro kafrin lantarki, nauyin wanda ya kasance mai yawa, wanda sauƙaƙe sufuri. Koyaya, a wannan lokacin, samar da kayan kida kayan kida ya inganta, don haka a yau ta wakilci Menzura mafi kyau.
Tarihin asali
Yana da daɗi don sanin kanku da tarihin ƙirƙirar wannan kayan modical, wanda ya fara a zamanin Renaissance. Ya kamata a lura cewa na farko ya bayyana sau biyu Bass Vila, wanda ya zama mai gaba. Kwariguni huɗu da suka gabata don ƙirƙirar kirtani da aka yi amfani da su na ciki, amma bai kasance mai sauƙi a shimfiɗa su ba, don haka Masters ya ƙirƙira na'urar da ke da shi da yanka. Ka'idar ita ce iska ta tarko. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a yi ƙarin dabara, don haka mawaƙa sun fi dacewa a matsa musu, banda, baka mai sauƙi don motsawa.
Da farko, siffar bass biyu bass ne stumbersome, don haka akwai buƙatar yin canje-canje ga sigogi ba tare da rasa ƙarancin sauti ba. Zuwa yau, girman kayan aikin zamani shine ¾ na wanda ya riga shi. Koyaya, matsalar rashin isasshen ƙarfi ba a magance ba, don haka masters ya kirkiro wani sabon yanki, wanda yake kamar ƙungiyar violin.
Mahaliccin kayan Bass na farko shine M. Todini, wanda ya cire Lada, rage yawan igiyoyi zuwa 4. Bayan haka, canji a cikin tsarin tsarin da Masters daban-daban na sanduna da coamons.
Doubleayan Bass na biyu ya tsira sau biyu canje-canje . Da farko, ta yi kama da Cello, amma a kan lokacin da batun shari'ar ya zama gauraye, sakamakon kayan aikin a ƙarshe ya ƙaddara. Masana'antar zamani ba sa canza dokokin 'yan kasuwa. Masu halittar Jerin sun tara tarin da ake kira "Beya bass", kamar yadda yawancin lokuta akan kayan aikin da aka buga a lokacin hutu na karkara a cikin masana'antu daban-daban. A kowace ƙasa, an daidaita samfurin ne ta hanyar kansa. Misali, mawaƙa da mawaƙa da Ingilishi sun yi shi a cikin kwata, amma Faransanci - ta hanyar unts.
Thearshen karni na XVIII yana da muhimmanci a cikin wannan ƙirƙirar kiɗa ya zama na gaggawa ta hanyar shuki tukwici a duk faɗin Turai. A wancan ne cewa a ninki biyu ya fara yin Solo.
Daya daga cikin mawaƙa ya zama abokin Beethov Delonov Dragonetti, wanda ake kira masanin gano juyin juya hali. An kuma dauki Virduoos shugaba da kuma makasudin Italiya D. Bottezini. Shine wanda ya bude sabbin dabarun kayan aiki kuma ya tayar da matakin wasan.
Zai yiwu bass na biyu yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan kayan aikin da ya mamaye mummunan juyin halitta. A ƙarni da ta gabata, ya fara samar da samfurori 4 da 5, suna cunkoson kayan aikin da suka gabata saboda ƙirar mai daɗi. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa shi ne cewa don aikin aikin Wagner yana buƙatar bass biyu-biyu, da kayan aikin tare da jazz, fom ɗin suna dacewa da cello.
Ana yin amfani da ayyukan solo a kan tarin nau'in pear-kamar.
M
Duk da cewa nisa da bass na biyu ya banbanta da sigogi na wasu kayan aikin-rukunan da yawa, da yawa sun gama yarda cewa sautinsa ya kamata ya zama m da ƙarfi. Ya fitar da wannan jita-jita, ya kamata a lura da hakan Timre na samfurin yana da kyau sosai, yana da takamaiman launi na musamman. Idan ka bayyana sauti, zaka iya amfani da epithets kamar wadata, mai taushi, kauri, mai kauri, a wasu ayyuka yana iya tunatar da murya. Daga gaba daya rukuni na kirtani, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin Symphony Orchestra, Double Bass na mafi ƙasƙanci sauti - yana haifar da takamaiman tushe don aikin gaba ɗaya.
Kewayon kayan kida ya shafi 4 ofis, ba ƙari ba Koyaya, wannan fatalwa na iya fitar da ko da yawan sautuna daga ciki, duk yana dogara da fasaha.
Ya kamata a lura cewa kiɗan don bass biyu an rubuta duka a cikin bass kuma a cikin maɓallin huɗu, amma na farko ya karanta ƙarin amfani. A cewar bayanan kula, mawaƙa yakamata ya kunna ocve a ƙasa, a cikin wannan ta bambanta.
Ya kamata a lura cewa yana da wuya a yi amfani da irin wannan kayan aikin saboda girma. Hannun mawaƙa dole ne babba, yatsunsu suna da kyau sosai. Sau da yawa akwai nesa mai nisa tsakanin matsayi, don haka ba su da sauri ga kowa ga kowa. Koyaya, ainihin hanyoyi na ainihi don matsi duk wannan kayan aikin, yin sanannun "Bumblebee jirgin" ko aikin N. arnaini, wanda ya bambanta a cikin sauri.
Bita da iri
Duk wani kayan aikin kiɗa ya kasu kashi iri iri, Bass na biyu ba banda ba ne. Kayan kayan pun wanda ke haɗu da halaye na ɗan bass na acoustic da na lantarki ana kiranta Electrocontrabass. Yana da sauti na gargajiya, amma ana amfani da fasahar zamani na zamani a ciki, godiya ga wanda za'a iya amfani dashi har ma a cikin rikodin studioos. Kayan aiki ya tabbatar da ɗaukar kaya, wanda ke tabbatar da watsa daga oscillation na kirtani da gidaje.
Kyakkyawan fasalin wannan rukunin shine girmansa, wanda ba shi da ɗan ƙaranci na gargajiya. Godiya ga ragi na lantarki, zaka iya samun sakamako mai kyau, kuna iya yin wani sabon abu don aiwatarwa. Amma ga kayan aikin Oficontrasts, ya bambanta dangane da samfuran. Wasu samfuran sune inci 42, wanda shine santimita 106, waɗanda suke kama da kayan aikin maraƙi, wasu sigogi na santimita na santimita 76 kawai suna kama da cello ko bass guitar.
Jagora Bass Bass na musamman ne na musamman, wanda ke aiki don ƙirƙirar ƙwararrun masana . A lokaci guda, buƙatu na sirri da kuma irin bukatun za a iya la'akari da su. Malaman masanin a hankali yana zaɓar kayan don bene kuma grid, da kuma kayan haɗi da duk abubuwan haɗin don ƙirƙirar keɓaɓɓun naúrar. Wannan nau'in kayan aiki yana da tsada sosai fiye da na yau da kullun, don haka Virtuosos da mawaƙa da aka zaɓa.
Kuma a kasuwa zaka iya samun Semi-Kousty ninki biyu, wanda yake sanye da kayan lantarki, yayin da yake da kayan aiki da kayan aiki.
Aikace-aikace da kuma repertoire
Double Bass ya hada A cikin rukunin kayan aikin tilas don majalisa da morthingras, Ba tare da shi ba, aikin ba zai cika ba. Dalilin halittar shine bukatar yin shakkar jam'iyyun batsa, wadanda Cello ne ke yiwa Cello. Godiya ga Bass na biyu, an ƙirƙiri wani shinge da tushe mai ma'ana, sautin ya zama mafi arziki da rhythmic. Da farko, irin wannan kayan aiki ne kawai yake a cikin Orchestras, amma a yau yakin ƙungiyoyin duniya suna amfani da har zuwa 8 string-bulo.
Shin ya cancanci faɗi cewa batsa Bass biyu sun fara aiki a cikin ayyukan soja biyu, wanda ya dace a kowane iri, ƙasa, ƙasa, Jazz, Dutse, ƙasar, Jazz, Dutse, ƙasa, ba a ambaci shahararrun kiɗa. Kungiyoyi masu yawa na kungiyoyi masu yawa ba su da tsada ba tare da orchestra wanda duka biyu bass ya zama dole ba.
A cikin babban bukatar, kayan yaji da ke cikin kungiyoyin tare da shugabanci na Jazz, yawanci ana bayar da karamin abun ciki, saboda haka ana bayar da karamin mawaƙi don nuna wata bass mai jituwa.
A yau, salon da yawa sun bayyana a duniyar kiɗan - rai, funk, funk, funk, da kuma, ta ɗauki dabaru na musamman don kisan ta, don samar da babists biyu kawai.
Remoaukar damar wannan kayan aiki tare da Kwarewar Virtuoso ya sami nasarar zama farkon mai yi dragonetti D. Dragonetti, wanda ya gabatar da bikin Solo a ƙarshen karni na XVIIII. Bayansa kuma, sun fara yin irin wannan kida a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto, P. Volkov, E. Meyer da sauransu da yawa. Zuwa yau, zaku iya samun wadataccen maimaitawa don wannan kayan aikin mawaƙa, wanda a cikin ayyukanta da aka yi amfani da shi na N. tatersdorf, I. Gaidn.
Kaya
Ga kowane kayan aikin kiɗan Wani abu mai kyau na kayan haɗin da kayan haɗi waɗanda suke yin aikinsu . Misali, zaka iya samun yanayi ko yanayin bass biyu na bass don ingantaccen ajiya ajiya da nasara sufuri. A ciki akwai za a iya zama aljihu daban don bayanin kula da kayan haɗin, alal misali, kirtani. Hakanan kuma kayan aiki na kowane kayan aiki-PIN shine mai riƙe da kuma katako na katako, ba tare da wani mawaƙa ba. Godiya ga waɗannan kayan haɗi, suna wasa da Bass na biyu kamar yadda zai yiwu da jin daɗi, kuma wasu suna samar da dogon rayuwa na samfurin.
Yaya za a yi wasa?
Kafin ka fara wasa akan kowane kayan aikin kirtani, dole ne a saita shi.Saitawa
Saboda haka Bass Bass yayi sauti kamar yadda ake buƙata, kuma jituwa a haɗe tare da wasu kayan kida a cikin Orchestra, ya zama dole a saita. Mutane da yawa suna amfani da na musamman - Wannan abu ne mai sauki, amma a lokaci guda na'urar mai karfi, wanda zaka iya sauraron ainihin sauti na kirtani da kuma ƙazantar da shi daidai. Na'urar Chromatic tana da katakai da yawa daban-daban, sanye take da Buttons waɗanda ke bayyana kirtani. Tare da irin wannan na'ura, zaku iya sauƙaƙe saitin, ba tare da sake fitar da bass biyu ba.
Yawancin mawaans suna da cikakkun ji, saboda haka suna iya saita ba tare da kayan aikin AUXIIIA, amma wannan ya fi kowa kowa.
Matsayi na hannu
Matsayin yatsunsu da hannaye suna taka muhimmiyar rawa, don haka idan kun fara ganin sanin ku, da farko kuna buƙatar koya game da shi. Don haka, jigon yatsa na hagu a wannan yanayin zai zama na farko, bi da bi, tsakiya, na tsakiya da na biyu da sauransu. Ga wasan kawai yatsunsu ake amfani da su, saboda muna magana ne game da kwata.
Matsayi shine aikace-aikace gwargwadon kayan yatsun kafa aka gina a kan wani sautin. . Kowane kirtani yana da yawan matsayi, yawanci 7 daga cikinsu, amma na iya zama ƙari. Tare da matsin lamba, tsawonsa na oscilating ɓangare na kirtani ya karu, saboda haka yawan sauti ya tashi, daga wane sauti mai yawa ya biyo baya.
A cikin baƙin ciki da aka yi amfani da shi 1-4 Matsayi (Na farko, yatsa na biyu da na hudu), a cikin yatsa na uku, matsanancin ke rufe kananan manufofin. Kirtani da ba a murkushe shi ba, ana kiranta su a matsayin buɗe, saboda haka ana nuna su ta sifili a aikace-aikacen.
Yana yiwuwa a yi nazarin wasan a cikin Bass na biyu, amma zai dauki lokaci da yawa don yin wannan.
Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a yi amfani da ƙwararren masaniya mai ƙwarewa tare da ƙwarewar arba'in, rajista don koyarwar inganci wanda zai haifar da kyakkyawan sakamako.
Amma ga matsayin hannun dama, sai ta ci gaba da baka. Ana iya yin wannan ta hanyoyi guda biyu waɗanda aka ambata a sama. Tsarin Jamusawa ya haɗa da kiyaye na'urar zuwa gefe, kamar yadda takalmin ya fi yawa, dole ne a sanya babban yatsa a kan rani. Amma hanya ta Faransa tana da bambanci a maimakon baka na baka daga sama, tunatar da rike da cello, bi da bi, babban yatsa yana ƙarƙashin rake.
Yana yiwuwa a gudanar da baka daban, duk yana dogara da nau'in samfuran, yana da mahimmanci don yin la'akari da halin, da sauti, ƙarfi da magana. Sau da yawa, yayin wasan, mawaƙa ya cutar da kirtani tare da yatsa, ana kiranta Pizzicato, wanda ya dace da jam'iyyun solo.
Fasaho game
Bass na biyu na nau'in gargajiya yana da babban jiki, don haka Wurin baka yana da wuya a kira dadi. Daga wannan shi yana biye da cewa ana buƙatar wasan don yin ƙoƙari. Wasu mawaƙa suna jin daɗin matsayin na musamman, wani yana zaune a kujera, kuma yana sanya kayan aiki a gaba, wani ya fi son wasa a tsaye - kowace mawaƙa tana da nasa damar da ta yi.
A yayin kiɗa, ya zama dole a canza littafin wasan da liyafar Pizzicato, Amma ga Jazz, samfuran Blues ya yi daidai da Stringurso Stringso.
Amma ga bugun jini da ake amfani da su a wasan a cikin band bass na biyu, akwai da yawa sosai, Stakkato, Spikochet, mai ɗaukuwa, mai ɗaukar hoto da aka saba da kowane mawaƙa.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
Kuma ɗan ƙaramin bayani mai ban sha'awa da hankali game da wannan kayan aikin kide-kida da kuma yadda ya yi mamakin mutane da yawa. Yawancin masu ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masana suna iya kunna guitar na lantarki da yardar rai, wanda kuma sanye take da kirtani huɗu. Wannan kayan aikin musical ya sami babban shahararrun shahara a tsakanin kungiyoyi a tsakiyar karni na karshe.
Shahararren mai aikatawa B. Jones ya nuna Mekky a lokacin jawabin nasa a shekarar 1911, lokacin da baka ya karye. Bai kunyata mawaƙin ba, kuma ya ci gaba da aikata jam'iyyar tare da yatsunsu, a lokacin ne cewa an buɗe wasu launuka na musamman na Pizzicato a karo na farko.
A farkon 1600, an yi shi a cikin ɗayan biranen Jamus, waɗanda Bales biyu ya yi girma 4, don haka ana kiran shi Octobas. Goliyat yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin kayan aikin da aka kiyaye shi a lokacinmu, kuma a yau ana iya samunsa a kan gidan kayan gargajiya na London. Tsayinsa ya fi mita 2.5, kuma kewayon yake kadan fiye da mita. Tare da fom ɗin sa, yana kama da Viola da Garba, amma Boca ne ɗan ƙari kaɗan.
A wasu omar octobas, ba shi yiwuwa a yi wasa shi kaɗai, ana buƙatar guda biyu, saboda haka mutum ɗaya ya lashe kirtani, ɗayan kuma ya yi amfani da baka.
A daya daga cikin nune-nunen a Paris, an nuna oktobas uku-ok, wanda a shekara ta 1855 ta yi Jagora na Faransa. Ana iya ganin wannan nunin a cikin Gidan Conservory. Tabbas wannan mummunan balagaggen ne na mita 4 mai girma, yana wucewa tare da taimakon tsarin lever-Pedal. Tabbas, ba lallai ba ne don yin magana game da aikin kayan aiki, don haka shine mafi kusa misali na farkon rukunin. Amma wannan ba shine kawai babban bass na biyu a duniya ba, a zahiri Rikodi na zuwa 5.55 m a tsayi da 2.13 m fadi.
Yana da ma'ana cewa saboda manyan masu girma dabam ko ko da talakawa biyu bass, zaku iya kawai nazarin wasan ne kawai, amma a yau kawai akwai kayan aikin da suka dace da mawaƙa bakwai na shekara bakwai. A cikin lokutan bushewa a cikin jihohin don ƙirƙirar bass sau biyu, ana amfani da aluminium, irin waɗannan kayan aikin soja sun yi amfani da irin waɗannan kayan aikin soja.
Babban abin da ya fi dacewa da sikeli, wanda ya dauki babists sau biyu na 90, ya zama kango a Seoul 9 years ago. Mawakan da aka yi wa mawuyacin tauraron dan adam wanda aka gabatar da bangarorin biyu ga sel da kuma violinists, amma an buga su a gefe biyu.
Ga kungiyoyin da ke yawanci tuki, masana'antun suna ba da yarda a cikin karamin girman da aka sanye da cirewa na cirewa. A lokaci guda, samfuran ingancin sauti ba sa canzawa ta kowace hanya, kuma ya dace sosai don sufuri.
Kudin mafi tsada sau biyu mai tsada kai ya kai kusan dala dubu 25, kamar yadda ake tattare da itace.
Yanzu kun san abubuwa da yawa game da Bass na biyu, halayensu, tarihin halittar halitta da iri. Wannan kayan kida ne mai ban mamaki tare da sautin sauti na musamman, wanda ke farin ciki da Ruhu. Tare da sauran membobin kungiyar Sychetra, masu aikawa na iya gabatar wa duniya zuwa kiɗan mai ban mamaki.
