Wani lokaci makiyaya na gabashin Turai wani lokacin ana ɗauka ne don ramukan ɗan uwan Jamus. Wannan ba gaskiya bane. Hakanan ana bayyana bambance-bambance a cikin alamun waje, kuma a cikin tarihin nau'ikan. Bari mu bincika daki-daki kwatancen nau'ikan, halayen su, don fahimtar wa kansu, wanne karnukan ya fi kyau zaɓi.
Tarihin asali
Bari muyi la'akari da tarihin nau'ikan biyu.Makiyayin Jamusawa
Daga daya tsakanin sauran juyi yana biye da cewa asalin yana da karancin wolf. An samo dabbar a cikin Turai da yawa ƙarni da suka gabata. Daga gare shi kimanin shekaru dubu 6 da suka gabata, da abin da ake kira Gobe Gobe ya faru, wanda ya ji jijiyar daji da dabbobin gida suka gudana. Bayan da tagulla kare ya kamata a sami kare makiyayi, wanda ake kira Hofovart. Kuma makiyaya na Jamusanci sun bayyana daga wannan dabba, wanda, da farko, sun kasance nesa da waɗanda za mu lura yau.
Idan muka yi la'akari da etymogy na kalmar "makiyayi", to mun koya cewa yana da tushen gama "tumaki", yana nuna matsayin dabba, tumaki ", wanda ke nuna irin dabbar da tsaro ne. Wannan etymology yana da kalmar Jamusanci Schäferhund.
Na farko ambaton wadannan karnukan suna cikin karnukan karnukan. Yankin kabilar Yammacin Jamus ya bayyana irin wannan hukuncin ga wanda mutanen da suka kashe kare makiyawar da ke fallasa dokokin. A cikin karni na XVIII, kiwo yana ci gaba da haɓaka a Jamus. Manoma da ake buƙatar masu gadi na dabbobi waɗanda za a iya sarrafawa tare da dabbobin cikin gida. Makiyaya sun yi daidai da wannan rawar. A lokaci guda, za a yi wa zaɓi don samun dabbobi da ba tare da bayar da aikin ba tare da kula da bayyanar karnuka ba. Saboda waɗanne sabbin mutane ne suka bambanta da 'yan'uwansu.
Biyayar makiyaya makiyaya aka ba da makiyaya. Babu ƙa'idodi don wannan nau'in an nada. Akwai jinya biyu: Württtemberg da thuria, amma cire karnukan da aka za'ayi ko'ina cikin ƙasar Jamus. Idan ka kwatanta dabbobin da aka samu a cikin wadannan cibiyoyin biyu, na waje na karnuka sun bambanta sosai. Tushen dabbobi masu:
- wolf wolf launi;
- wutsiya mai sassauci a cikin zobe;
- Matsakaicin girma da kunnuwa.
Dabbobi sun fi aiki da motsi idan aka kwatanta da fasalin Württemberg. Amma ƙarshen ya fi annashuwa, daidaita. A waje na kare yana da ban sha'awa, fatar fata ta fentin a cikin stains, kunnuwa sagging.
Kuma kodayake akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin waɗannan nau'in, masu suna cikin natsuwa dabbobi. A cikin 1882, an fara gabatar da makiyayi na Jamusanci ga jama'a. Namiji biyu - Greif da Kiras, "ulu ya bambanta ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyi, wanda ya zama abin ƙyama don zaɓin kiwo. An yi imanin cewa karnuka ne daga tsawa sun zama ma'abuta na dutsen da muke gani a yau.
A cikin 1891, na farko da ke da makiyayan masu ƙauna, ƙa'idodi sun bayyana a karon farko a cikin irin. Mr. Richelmann Bayan bayan rufe kulob din ya ci gaba da aiki a zabin makiyaya da makiyaya. A cikin 1899, Max von Styfanibu ya gana da makiyayi. Na farko PSA, wanda ya samu, wanda ake kira Hoorend Von Grafart.
Wannan kare ne a hannunsa Stefanisa dage farawa farkon kiwo irin.
Styfanissa tana da ilimin dabbobi da zai ba shi damar sanin yadda mafarkinsa ya zama. Ya so kawo cikakken kare kare. Sabili da haka cewa shari'ar tayi kyau, Max ta fara shirya ƙungiyar masu mallakar makiyayin Jamusawa (a babban). Wannan al'umma ba ta kasance cikin fa'idodin kasuwanci daga irin kiwo ba.
Baharwar Grafor na da sigogi na waje. Don kiwo irin Stifanisa ba ya nadamar lokaci da ƙoƙari:
- yi tafiya gaba daya wajen neman fasali mai dacewa na kishiyar jima'i;
- Ya yi aiki tare da masu gidan caca, suna bayyana abubuwan da za su iya nututtuka a cikin aikin kabilanci.
Bayan shekaru 100, ya zama cikin sauƙin zama mafi ban sha'awa ƙungiyar da aka yi rijista a hukumance tsakanin duk irin waɗannan al'ummomin. Matsakaicin ka'idojin sa ta hanyar Max Von Stefanits, ana la'akari da daidaitaccen.
Godiya ga aikin, duk duniya za ta iya sananniyar irin makiyayin makiyayi na Jamusanci. Cewa sha'awa a cikin Jamusawa da Jamusawa sun nuna kuma ba musamman masu mallakar waɗanda suka yanke shawarar su ƙaura daga dokokin asali. Genuopond na makiyayi na Jamusawa ya fara shiga cikin jinin kayan ado da sauran nau'ikan, dabbobi tare da ciwon ciki. Dabbobi na manyan girman sun shahara sosai. Domin adana ƙuruciyar dutsen, a cikin 1925 ya yanke shawarar riƙe wani taro, wanda ya haɗa duk masu shayarwa waɗanda ke son cigaba da ka'idodin makiyayin makiyayin Jamus. Misali na karnuka da suka halarci cikin zakarun daban-daban, sun bayyana wani kare a kan sunayen laƙabi na Klodo von Boksberg a cikinsu. Yana daga Clodo cewa babban rassan kwayoyin halitta sun faru.
Maballin da ke Max Von sun mutu a shekara ta 1936, amma membobin ƙungiyarsa sun ci gaba da aikinsa. A yayin yakin duniya na biyu, likitocin makiyayi na Jamus fara ɓacewa. A tsakiyar shekarun 1946, an yanke shawarar yin zaben ba mutum ɗaya zuwa ga taken zakara, da gungun karnuka. A karo na farko a tarihin mafi mashahuri na mafi kyawun wakilan wakilai takwas na wannan nau'in. Da sittin na ƙarni na ƙarshe shine lokacin kiwo dabbobi masu aiki. A wancan lokacin, ya kasance mai gaye don halartar gasa da nunin karnuka, don shiga cikin horar dabbobi. Mayar da hankali game da duk abubuwan da suka faru: annashuwa, wasan kwaikwayo, aiki. Petties bai kula da na waje ba, babban abin da motsi shine motsi kare kare, da tace ta. A lokaci guda, "wasanni" masu shayarwa sun bayyana. Wainologirungiyar Kiniyar da aka yanke shawarar sakin fuskoki guda biyu na karnukan karnukan: mashahuran mutane, dabbobi masu aiki.
A cikin rukuni na farko, ya zama dole don bincika binciken game da juriya na zahiri, babu lahani, daidaituwa, tsabta, tsabta na layin da na waje. Yarda da asalin halittar dabbobi ya yi ta hanyar binciken DNA na DNA. Darajar mutane da mutane suna cikin yawan nasarori a gasar zakarun, kuma sauran ne hankali, bayyanar da sauransu - ba a tantance bayyanar da sauransu ba.
Burin Gabas ta Gabas
An samo asali ne daga ƙasar Turai tare da halartar makiyayi na Jamusanci. A tsawon lokaci, "Turawa" sun sami bambance-bambance da yawa waɗanda suka cire irin daga tushen. Dabbobi sun fi girma girma, masu girma, wanda ya sa ya yi amfani da su cikin tsare da tsaro. A yau, bayyanar garin gabashin Turai yana da bambanci sosai da 'yan'uwa na Jamus.
An kafa matsayin dutsen a cikin 1976, amma ba a gane shi azaman mai zaman kansa ba. Oracle ya daidaita zuwa ga tsoffin makiyayi na Jamusanci. A cikin 1990, rikicin wannan nau'in ya faru, shahararren shahararrun ya fara raguwa sosai. "Turai" ta fara saƙa tare da batun jikoki na Jamusawa, amma har yanzu 'yar tsana har yanzu sun kasance "Turawa". Koyaya, wannan hanyar kiwo tana da amfani a cikin irin - ta juya don kawar da abubuwan da zasu iya kawar da su.
- "Mai laushi" baya;
- orethered actoress stach;
- Dogaro mai lankwasa.
Duk da aka samu ribobi, masu shayarwa suna da kyau sosai a cikin "Turawa", wanda zai iya haifar da bacewar irin. A cikin 1991, ƙungiyar wuraren kiwon lafiyar wuraren kiwo na yankin Turai ne a 1991. A farkon karni na XXI, an ƙirƙiri littafin guda ɗaya. Bayan wasu 'yan shekaru, taron jama'a bisa hukuma suka dauki matsayin "Turawa". Kennels na so yin irin don yin ayyuka da yawa daban-daban: Kare, Kare, Conjure, Patlol da Neman Takaddun bincike.
Hakanan ana amfani da waɗannan karnukan a matsayin masu ba da shawara ga mutane da ƙarancin hangen nesa.
Kwatantawa na waje na waje
Don fahimtar wane irin nau'in a gabanku, ya kamata ku kwatanta bayyanar dabbobi. Kowane irin yana da bambance-bambance. A waje na makiyayin Jamusawa yana halin sigogi masu zuwa.
- Kai. Kunnuwa a cikin dabba tsaye, nuna sama sama, dasa sosai. A cikin kwikwacin shekarun kunnuwan sun rataye. Idanuna duhu launin ruwan kasa, kusan baki. Karnuka tare da idanu masu duhu suna ɗaukar lahani kuma ba batun kiwo ba. Jaws ya ci gaba, ciji mai scissor-mai siffa. Hanci ya fentin cikin baki.
- Firam. Jiki yana da elongated. Baya madaidaiciya ne, kusa da wutsiya yana gudana karkashin gangara. Gaban jiki yana sama da baya.
- Tsawo. Maza sun kai hancin da ke cikin kian kusan 65 cm, Matan - babu nauyin namiji 40 kilogiram, da 'yan matan - 32an matan - 32.
- Murfin murfin Na iya zama gajere, dogon nau'in laushi da ciyawa. Launin ulu yana da bambanci: Daga Zonar a bayyana ga sandar tare da baki. Oracle tare da stains an yarda, an kafa masa mashin fata a fuska.
Turawa suna da bambance-bambance.
- Torchishche Pet ya fi girma. Dogon dabbobi masu tsayi, silhouette rectangular. Tsawon gida dangane da (a cikin wasu) da 17% more. Attana gajere, Taz an tsallake. Ma'aikatar Hamada ta fadi, ta shafa. Ruwa na Saber, a hutawa, an saukar da ƙasa, ƙarshen wutsiya yana da a matakin gwiwa.
- Kai Fom ɗin yana kama da waka waka, ana ba da labarin mahaifa, wanda aka ba da abin da aka ba da izini a bayan hanci. Hanci hanci hanci. Launin idanu daga launin ruwan kasa zuwa inuwa mai kyau. Tsaye kunnuwa.
- Girma sama da "Jamusawa". Maza sun kai 75 cm, Matan girma zuwa 70. nauyin kare yana 50 kilogiram, da 'yan matan - a cikin yankin 40.
Bambance-bambance a cikin hali
An kuma bambanta dabbobi da haruffa. Za'a iya amfani da yanayin zafi na Jamusanci don horo, psycologically barga. Dabbobin gida suna iya yiwuwa a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, koyaushe suna amsa sunan barkwanci. Laiden, ga baƙi suna kwantar da hankula, ba tare da nuna tsokanar zalunci ba. Don yara suna abokantaka, tallafa musu a wasanni.
Hakanan makiyaya na gabashin Turai ma suna daidaita irin tare da hankali. Dabba yana da ƙarfin zuciya, mai aiki, mai saurin yanke shawara, an saba da shi ga mai shi ba da daɗewa ba.
Akwai bambanci a cikin horar da waɗannan nau'ikan. Ga "Turawa", da sutura yana da mahimmanci, tsari na buƙatar himma, juriya ta bukaci, juriya, taimakon fim. Makiyayi na Jamusanci shine mafi bayyana, ba wahala a koyar da shi kadai ba, idan kun san rigunan riguna.
Ga yara, iri biyu suna da kyau, koyaushe za ku iya barin 'ya'yanku tare da su kuma kada ku damu game da rayuwar abokansu.
Wanene ya fi kyau zaɓi?
Idan zaku shiga kariyar gaske, sarrafawa ko wasu ayyukan da ke buƙatar PSA-Stsa, ya fi kyau a ɗauki "Turawa". Ana amfani da wannan nau'in sosai a aikin sabis na musamman, MES. Dauke da waɗannan karnuka mafi kyau a cikin manyan wuraren kewayawa.
A cewar Kinologists, makiyayin Jamus zai dace da mafi kyau ga abun ciki na gidan. Zai sa kamfani mai kyau a cikin motsa wasanni da ra'ayoyi masu aiki.
Akwai kamannin bambance-bambance da bambance-bambance a cikin makiyaya na gabashin Turai da na Jamus a cikin wannan bidiyon.