At the factory in the city of Semenov, located 70 kilometers from Nizhny Novgorod, make Matryoshek famous worldwide. Through the popular Russian souvenir, Semenovsky painting was made by the national cultural heritage. And the place of birth became the village of Merinovo, not far from Semenov. About how the Semenov Matryoshka arose and painting, about today's position of the craft, and in addition, about the specificity of the painting technique - we tell us in our article.
Particularities painting
Semenovsky Matryoshka stands out among the rest of the fact that it is multi-dimensional and includes 15-18 figures differing in color. This matryoshka with floral dress and painted handkerchief. Scribe Semenov Matryoshka, not following certain rules.
The basis of Semenovsky painting is colorful, expressive, large flowers that crowned rowan berries, bows, points and small flower. Often, Matryoshka from Semenov is compared with Sergievskaya: they are similar, but the degraded products from Semenov are more ornamental.
The Master of Nizhny Novgorod focused on the so-called grassy ancient Russian ornaments.
For Matreysk Semenovsky painting peculiar:
- significant volume of inoperated wood;
- Front of the doll on which large flowers are drawn;
- Blue, yellow and red - the color dominance of which should harmoniously fit into the registration of the shawl, the apron of matryoshki, sundress;
- the asymmetry of the location of the bouquet on the apron with a slight offset on the right side;
- Turning processing at which the matryoshka turns out the more statutory (compared to Sergievskaya), with a relatively thin riding.
Until 1953, Semenov Matryoshki was in the shadow of the Zagorskiy and Sergievsky, but the first time hitting the border, they began to compete with more famous samples. And rivalry was advantageous - colorful, colorful execution of the Semenovsky painting helped dolls to increase consumer demand.
History of origin
Semenovsky Matryoshka and Merinovskaya is the same? Scientists engaged in research in the field of art history are still arguing and did not come to a single decision. But the fact that this similar fishery is undoubtedly.
At the end of the XIX century, the Russian Movie artist S. E. Malyutin brought from the city of Honshu (Japan) to Russia Figurine of Friendly Balded Old Tag Wisdom Fukurum. In Abramtsevo, S. E. Malyutina appeared a curious plan. He recalled about the machine-made Easter eggs (the name of eggs cut out of wood), which are inserted into one to another. Malyutin invited to the work of Tokary V. Star, and they jointly made a wood doll, which today in the world is known as a matryoshka. It was performed in the image of the mother, in the cavity of which 7 daughters hid, and the last, 8th, represented a frozen baby.
Matrena shook everyone at the 1900 World Paris Exhibition. Masters of folk art fishery became very interesting to this toy. Russia has formed a number of centers for its production. One of them was the small town of Semenov, located 70 kilometers from N. Novgorod.
In the deaf Nizhny Novgorod Forest Valve, the settlement of the Old Believers, which then became the city. He was famous for painting on a tree, which is called "Golden Khokhloma".
Later, approximately in 1924, in Semenov began to sharpen out of wood and paint the doll, which became known as the Semenov Mattushka, because it will be varied from Polykho-Maidan and Zagorskaya.
The village of Merinovo is located 8 kilometers from Semenov. Sipter Tokary A. Vigina was brought from Sergiev Posad Wooden doll (a man with a mustache and beard), painted in a gauge color. The master immediately decided to sharpen a doll consisting of 2 elements inserted as Easter eggs, one in another. So began the birth of Semenov Matryoshka. At first she was painted in a purple color, then the turner made a bald, pretty and bearded peasant and a solid man in a hat and coat.
However, really glorified the Semenov Matryoshka and identified her image of the family of Masters A. Majorov. His story is such. Master, visiting N. Novgorod, brought an unwashed wooden doll-blank from the fair. His daughter of Lyuba, through the feather, struck all the contours to her, and after painting the tassel with aniline dyes. On the head, she painted Russian Kokoshnik, and in the middle placed a bright scary flower, similar to the chamomile. In fact, the arms daughter turned the ordinary hollow doll from the fair to the Great Russian symbol. It was in such a manner and began to continue to paint the Semenov Matryoshka.
City Matryoshka
From the village of Doll moves to the city of Semenov. Shuffosleman and Birzhevik D. V. Sirotkin Bases the School of Artistic Treatment of Wood (Skach). It is headed by a professional artist, a master of art crafts of P. Matveyev. In 1925, the Matrechny Artel begins to function, in which graduates are working. The artel first united no more than 20 people, mainly a lump. Then, on the basis of artel, public workshops are formed. Matryoshek production increases. In 1929, the artel of the toy masters becomes independent. In 1932, she began to be called the Art Factory "Semenovsky Painting".
Many Matren is made since that time, but there is the only one that no one has surpassed. In 1970, they made a voliv wine to the beauty of the meter height, a diameter of 0.5 meters and a wall thickness of 0.5-0.6 millimeters, including 72 dolls. The mass of this neposk is approximately 30 kilograms. Artists in painting had to be very difficult. She was listed in the Guinness Book of Records, and today she stays in Germany. This is not the highest point for our masters. From the country of the rising sun, an application was applied for the Volga Beauty height of 180 centimeters.
Semenov's masters will make it, after they find a roving tree.
Matryoshka in the modern world
Currently, the Semenovsky factory under the name "Trading House Semenovsky Painting LLC (its name was often changed due to frequent transformations) is successfully functioning and manufactures, along with a variety of products, a large assortment selection of matryoshek. Designers and artists of this factory created quite a lot of extraordinary, often busy dolls.
In the image of a modern wooden toy, a lovingly called Matrychka, today the features of the Khokhloma, Merinovskaya and Fedoseevsky People's Rospis are collected. Matryoshki, manufactured at the Semenovsky Painted House LLC, diverge in different parts of the world - in the UAE, England, Germany, France, Canada, and so on.
Masters of the famous factory made a big advantage to focus on environmentally friendly products: high-quality wood (birch and linden), aniline, gouache, harmless, having a certificate of varnish. It is necessary to designate that the lacquer is the most important element of the nestres, for the Semenovsky factory it is produced on a special order. As a consequence, Semenov Matryoshki acquire a special brilliance, rich and pleasant to the touch texture.
In 2017, the Museum Museum and traditional toys were opened. The museum contains classic samples, demonstrating how Visdino Semenovsky painting, as well as booklet matryoshka and souvenirs, New Year's products. You can buy a penalty, a fountain pen, a vanka-stand, souvenir composition "Teremok" and so on.
Russian matryoshka is a real miracle of the world. The present - for the reason that was, there is, and will remain a man's hands. A miracle of light - because the wonderful toy symbol of our country travels throughout the planet, and there are no borders for him.
Historically significant fishery, honored by years, should be abide not only in the archives and collections of museums. For this reason, more and more children's circles and studios are opened in our country aimed at teaching children traditional wood painting. And this is a significant contribution to the preservation and distribution of folk artistic traditions.
