Sewing needles are an important part of sewing and sewing and embroidery machines and in the process of operation experience significant loads. This obliges them to possess high strength and excellent working qualities. From the technical characteristics of the needle depend on the smooth operation of the equipment and the quality of sewing, so it is necessary to approach it very seriously and reasonable.
Description and structure
The needles for sewing equipment are available in a wide range and a large variety of sizes and shapes. However, there are a number of features characteristic of all varieties of products, regardless of their narrow specialization.
The main elements of the sewing needles that determine their purpose and operational properties are considered below.
- Flask They call the upper element of the rod, which is installed in the needle holder and is selected accordingly with its size. In its form, the flasks are flat and round. The first are intended for household samples, the second - for industrial units. On some round-shaped flasks there is a notch, designed to better fix the needle. It is on the flasks that the needles make label.
- Edge Located at the end of the needle and is pointed and rounded. The first is designed to work with dense smooth fabrics and synthetics, the second - for coarse knitted, liqueur and thick denim cavities. For high-density materials, the tires with a left-sided groove is suitable, which prevents the thread break when the needle passes through the fabric.
- Chute (recess) It is an important element of the needle and affects the quality of the loop.
- Kernel It is the "body" of the needle and determines the strength of the tissue punch and the service life of the needle. From one side, it ends with the edge, on the other - goes into the flask.
- Needle Ushko Located on the tip of the rod, it is small and large. The value of the opening depends on the needle thickness and affects the choice of threads.
The inner surface of the ears is quite smooth, not allowing the thread breaking and weave.
Varieties
The classification of needles for sewing equipment is produced By their intended and configuration. However, the second sign is a direct consequence of the first, therefore, the kind of needles will be considered from the position of the first criterion. So, for each type of fabrics, its needle is intended different from other models of the form of the cutting island. This indicator distinguishes Tool with edge for textile mats and needles for leather products. The top of the first has a rounded shape and enters the fabric, the priest through it.
Below are the main types of needles used for woven textile cloths.
- Tools for finishing lines consist of two or three rods that allows you to form double and triple decorative seams that do not have a strong load. Such needles are indispensable when embroidering drawings containing parallel elements.
True, you can use them far from all machines, but only on those that have a "zigzag" function and are equipped with a special slit in the needle plate.
- Self-removable needles were invented for people who experience difficulties when refueling threads in the UCHO. The rod of such needles has a small slot located on the same level with the needle ear. Shwely enough to skip thread through it, promoting it along the rod towards the edge, after which she independently enters the eye.
- Needles for knitwear have a spherical edge, which can push the fibers of the fabric without piercing it . With the help of such needles, it becomes possible to form a smooth beautiful line that does not cause the integrity of the canvas. This, in turn, excludes the appearance of arrows departing in different directions from the seam.
- The needles with wings are designed to do the decorative holes along the main seam, which leads to the formation of openwork lines and measurements. The wings are pushing the fibers and leave small neat holes.
- The needle of the needles for sewing leather products is made in the form of a blade that does not spanish, but the cutting material. Such a tile design allows you to work with all skin kinds, including the skin of coarse release, having a rather large thickness. Such needles practically do not break, do not pass stitches, do not break the thread and provide excellent sewing quality. The high strength of the manufacturer material and the thoughtful shape of the isge allow you to use such models for a long time and with high sewing intensity.
A characteristic feature of using needles with cutting edges is a seam with a light stitch slope to the left or right.
- Jeans needles are manufactured using titanium-nitride technology, which in its strength is much superior to many carbide metals. Thanks to this coating, "jeans" needles are characterized by high wear resistance and long service life. The edge of such needles is very thin, slightly rounded at the end, which completely eliminates the risk of damage to the tissue and pass the stitch. To break this needle is very difficult, which is due to the modified shape of the rod. Previously, the tools often broke when passing through the seams, causing fair dissatisfaction with consumers.
After frequent complaints entering enterprises, manufacturers have complemented the rods in the cross section of the grooves. It endorsed their increased resistance to bending, 20-40% exceeding a similar indicator at standard needles.
Letter notation
Sewing needles are present on the market in a huge assortment and differ in each other parameters of the grooves, shapes and sizes of the ear, the method of sharpening, the configuration of the island and specialization on one or another tissue. In order for the consumer to be easier to navigate in a large variety of models, marking is applied to each needle.
In addition to numbers, the needle marking includes both alphabetic values indicating which material is intended for this or that model.
- H-ZWI Sign put on double models combined with a single needle holder. The needles are produced in three rooms - 70, 80 and 90 and have a different distance between themselves, which is also prescribed in the marking and is indicated in millimeters. It usually ranges from 1.6 to 6.0 mm, and the model with a distance of 4 and 6 mm is intended only for a straight line.
- An alphabetic symbol H-DRI It is placed on triple needles, which are available in just two sizes - 2.5 and 3.0.
- Needles topstitch They are intended for sewing loose decorative threads, have a wide ear and a special groove facilitating the passage of naughty threads through the eye. The needles are equally well suited for both light and heavy fabrics, are produced in size 80-100.
- N-EX designation It is put on embroidery models with metallized threads. They are equipped with a large polished ear and a groove that prevents the stratification of threads.
- H-suk symbol put on models with round-type edge. Such needles easily spread the threads of matter, slipped between them and do not damage the fibers. They are optimally suitable for sewing products from dense knitwear, knitted canvases and jersey.
- Tools for sewing leather things are indicated by symbols H-LL and H-LR. They have cutting edges and cut the skin at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the direction of the line. As a result, a beautiful neat seam with a slight stitch slope.
- Letters n-o There are needles with blades, they are designed to perform decorative lines. Such models have a different scope of blades that can be located both on the one hand and both.
- H-S designation Locked on models for elastic matter and not particularly dense knitwear. They are equipped with a special edge that prevents the passage of stitches when stretching the material during sewing. The tire of such a tool has a rounded shape, due to which gently spreads the fiber material without disturbing its structures.
- H-J symbol Marking a sharp tool designed to work with thick fabrics, such as jeans, sarza and tarpaulin.
- N-M designation It is put on microtex needles, designed to work with microfiber and rather thin material of high density, such as Silk, Taffeta and a cloak. Such needles are distinguished by a very thin and sharp rod, which allows you to perform accurate and fairly neat punctures, without taking the fabric adjacent to the place.
- Letters h-q Recalculation-needles, having a bevel, small eyelet and edge-type edge. This design allows you to protect the matter from the appearance of large holes, excluding the passage of stitches. The tool has a narrow specialization and is used to form decorative lines.
- Symbol n-e There are needles for embroidery having a small eyelet and a little rounded edge. Moreover, they are equipped with a special recess that prevents the damage of the material and threads. Such a tool is designed for specialized embroidery threads, such needles are not suitable for working with conventional sewing threads.
- Symbol N. There are universal tools that have a slightly rounded edge and intended for obedient fabrics, such as cotton, hazard and flax.
For greater clarity, a table is presented below, describing in detail what kinds of tool sizes are suitable for a particular matter.
Digital marking
Digital characters are usually affixed on the flasks and may look, for example, as follows: 80/12. The first number denotes the diameter of the needle on the European measurement system and is indicated in 1/100 millimeter. After conducting simple calculations, you can see that the diameter of this needle is 0.8 mm. The second number also means the diameter of the instrument, only already in the American metric system, pointing to the shares of inches.
The smaller both numbers, the thinner the tool. For household sewing machines, models with numbering 60 / 8-120 / 19 are often used, while the marking of the thick copy itself is 200/25, and the finest - 50/5. It should be noted that not all manufacturers indicate the diameter of the needle in two metric systems and often you can see the tool on which only the European designation is, for example, No. 60 or No. 120 (which denotes 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm, respectively).
The choice of the desired size depends on the tissue from which to work:
- For superhasown canvases, such as sail and tarpaulin, take the needles with a number from 100 to 200, taking into account not only the thickness, but also the density of the material;
- For cloth, bobrik and burlap will suit the needle №120;
- heavy woolen fabrics are better to sew needles at number 110;
- When sewing easy wool, heavy synthetics and jeans, it is better to take a needle №100;
- clothes from such matters like a hazard, tightness, a batter and costume, sew needles under the numbers 80-90;
- Fabric for shirts and blouses should be sewn tool No. 60-70;
- For cloths with Lycra or thin knitwear, it is recommended to use needles №65-90.
How to choose?
In order to competently choose the tool to the sewing machine, It is necessary to take into account a number of important points.
- If the models are bought for domestic sample You should choose specimens with a flat flask. They are easily installed in the holders and very well sit in them. There are copies and a flask with a flask, facilitating the correct needle setting when it is replaced. An erroneously selected flask can lead to serious malfunctions arising due to the incorrect working position of the needle eater and the island relative to the shuttle.
- The most common tool for household machines are Organ 130 / 705n models. They have a weakly hardened edge, are produced in different sizes, suitable for most tissues and are considered universal.
- Experienced masters recommend buying needles not one copy, but immediately sets. It eliminates the need to go to the store when sewing the problem marines, as most sets include needles for sewing all types of fabric.
- An important criterion for choosing tool for sewing is the characteristic of the fabric. In order to find the desired model, you should be guided by the table, without relying on the opinion of other people.
- If the tools are purchased for an industrial class unit, then you should choose models with a round flask. In this case, it is necessary to pay special attention to the manufacturer. The best and durable is the products of German companies Grotz-Beckert, Schmetz and Organ Needles, which are present on the market for quite a long time and value with their reputation.
- The type of sewing machine should also be taken into account, carefully reading the instructions for its operation. Typically, manufacturers tell in detail what kind of needles use for sewing different materials, lead to an example of their marking.
- With prolonged or incorrect storage, the tools may rusted. Use such instances is strictly prohibited, as they can spoil the material and break the thread.
- When buying needles, they must carefully examine - When a curvature is detected at least one of them, you should refuse to buy a set. It will not be possible to align it under any circumstances, but to spoil the fabric and damage the machine can be easily.
It should also be checked for marriage - poor sharpening and improper location of the groove relative to the Ear.
Experienced masters and most sewing equipment manufacturers Recommended to replace the needle after every 12 hours of continuous operation . If this is not done on time, the needle begins to tear thread and spoil the material that in the end it will cost much more expensive than her timely replacement.
On how to choose needles for sewing machines, see the next video.