Nephritis is a very famous stone stone. Most people are associated with jewelry. But it also makes various crafts and even luxury items. And about its healing properties, in general, legends are found. But later, a little later, but still we will understand in its nature of origin and some features.
How is the stone formed?
Nephritis is a natural mineral formed by pouring magma inside the rocks of serpentines. If you look at jade from within, you can see that it is a kind of lattice of crystalline fibers. Such a structure gives a particular strength that can compare with strength steel, for which it is valued all over the world. This mineral does not respond to acids, practically not mowed at high temperatures, does not scratch, but is well prepared and polished.
In nature, this mineral is usually found in the form of huge boulders. Natural raw nephritis is most often an opaque mass with implicit gloss.
Depending on the location and composition, nephritis is made to divide into several species.
Stones with homogeneous colors
Stones with homogeneous coloring and high degree of transmission. This group is customary to include minerals of several colors.
- White - In a boiled-snowy background there are implicit bluish-yellow or green divorces with a smooth flow of one shade to another.
- Mountain green - They are above all appreciated jewelers and more often used in jewelry.
- Monochrome gray Nephritis combines several shades of gray from light to dark tones. Such samples are a rather rare phenomenon.
- Gray-green stones As if covered with tina. With the dominant gray, there are small hints on green.
Spotted minerals
They are obtained due to the uneven distribution of impurities included in their composition. This group is made to divide into the following subgroups:
- tobacco - a mixture of gray with brown and green;
- gray-blue;
- dark green;
- Blue-green;
- Small-slip - has stains implicitly expressed color with an abundance of white, gray and green spots of different color intensity.
Jade with inclusions
These are stones, in the texture of which there are impurities chlorite and minerals from the ore group.
Deposit in the world
Since the nugget has volcanic origin, its deposits are possible in those places where volcanic magma froze. Jade particles can be detected in various rocks - for example, in marble or shale. It is mined in stone careers, as well as in the mouths of large rivers and small streams. At the same time, "aquatic" minerals are considered more durable, so appreciated above. In the nature of the jade field found on each continent of the Earth.
It is believed that For the first time began mining jade in China . However, at the end of the XVIII century, major deposits of the stone were found in Myanmar (Burma). A little later, he began to be mined in the United States. Even later, the natural reserves of jade began to find in other countries around the world. This increased competition among manufacturers.
By the end of the XX century, stone reserves in China began to be exhausted. And since nephritis is considered a national symbol in this country, today the country is a major exporter of this mineral from other countries, such as Australia, Canada, USA, Kazakhstan and, of course, Russia. In addition, nephritis is exported from some Asian countries, such as Taiwan, and European countries - Italy, Germany, Sweden. Also known about jade fields in British Columbia, Polynesia and the Pamir.
Where are found in Russia?
There are 16 districts in the territory of Russia with major jade departments. But most often, at the mention of this rock, recall the fields located in Buryatia. It is deservedly called pantry gems: from the total number of mining sites 13 deposits is located It is in Buryatia. The main deposits of the nugget are located in several places of the republic: it is a Bounty, fraternal, Zakana'ansky, Miski, Okinsky and Tunksky districts. At the border of the republic with Transbaikalia, the reserves of jade of rare colors, such as white, blue and red. On the territory of Russia, this is the only place where minerals of such color were discovered.
One of the most famous industrial areas of Buryatia is an OPINSK deposit. It is located in Southern Siberia, more precisely, in the system of the Mountain Complex East Sayan. The jade deposits were found here at the mouth of the River Ilchir, the influx of a larger River Onot. Production is located near the village of Kyren Irkutsk Region. Here, 17 nephite lived green colors of different shades, of which it is currently 7. There is a rare on the beauty of the stone with a pattern "Feline eye". These stones are infrequent and enjoyed in high demand in Europe and around the world. It is known that currently an OPIN deposit on the verge of exhaustion.
Another famous Nephritis deposit is Ulan-Khodinskoe. It is located on the Range of Ulan-Stroke and at the mouth of the Hara-Pupivny River. 21 juddy lived here. Local mineral has juicy bright green shades, in thin chips slightly shines. In stones from this area, no foreign engines are contained, with the exception of individual parties of the spinel minerals.
Kovyktinskoye deposit is located in the Trans-Baikal Territory in the Bounty district. It was open in 1984. Currently, it is known about two sections: it is transparent and bearish.
The area of each of them is about 1 square. km. Here there are 21 lives of green jade.
There are fields in the Republic of Buryatia, which are not sufficient due to the fact that there is no normal road there. Some remote corners can be reached only by a helicopter, and the crossing of them to the "Greater Earth", as it is customary to call the mainland area, it happens only in winter when rivers are covered with a strong layer of ice.
Adverse climatic conditions also create certain difficulties in mining minerals. Therefore, at the level of the country's government, it was decided About construction in Ulan-Ude Jade Treatment Center. The factory is engaged in sorting and processing of raw materials before subsequent sale. From low-grade minerals, which used to be in waste, there are various crafts and binding items.
Production is equipped with the most modern equipment, and employees teach the best Chinese masters. The jade museum is open on the territory of the enterprise, and the factory itself leads tourist excursions to everyone who wants to learn how they work with this amazing stone.
Separate manifestations of the mineral are marked in the Urals. In particular, in the Chelyabinsk region there are reserves of jade painted by another mineral - a chromographer or green grenade (Uvarovite). From a scientific point of view, such stones are of great interest, but the mass production of jade in the area has not yet been established. There are several reasons for this.
- In nature, there are stones weighing a few tons, and the jade itself has a large viscosity, so they are difficult to process.
- Almost all deposits of gems are in hard-to-reach places. It's hard to get to them, and it's hard to deliver special equipment for processing jade.
However, despite all the difficulties, exploration of new deposits nugget continues constantly . So, already in the 21st century, the Jade Khoytinsky deposit was opened on the Tsype River, as well as the Udokan field at the mouth of the Kalar River.
What is needed by jade?
The scope of application of this nugget is very diverse. In the distant past, people appreciated the mineral for his special strength and made weapons from it - spears, arms for arrows and other military attributes. In the modern world, the most often nephritis is used as inserts into jewelry. Of the whole slices of high-grade stone, rings, bracelets and decorations, which can be both carved cut, and carefully polished. Such decorations are customary to be made as a talisman - it is believed that this breed has a magical force and brings good luck.
Scientifically proved the therapeutic properties of jade. Back in ancient times, various powders and ointments were made of it. Modern scientists note the healing effect of the mineral on the urinary system. With the constant wearing of the product with jade insert on the body The person normalizes the pressure, the work of cardiovascular and respiratory systems improves.
The stone is able to remove the symptoms of headaches, reduce the risk of stroke and some eye diseases.
Doctors recommend regularly visiting the saunas, where jade chambers are installed. Such a couple has a therapeutic effect on the human body. It has a positive effect on the condition of the skin, while keeping it in a tone for a long time, improves metabolism, helping to reset a few extra kilograms. A visit to such a parley is recommended for removing chronic fatigue and stress, as well as with kidney problems. In addition, the constant neighborhood of gem of the wood also favorably affects its expiration date. The stone is not afraid of high temperatures, insensitive to their sharp drops, while heating is heated for a long time, allowing you to save on fuel for furnaces and fireplaces.
In China, this mineral enjoys special honor and respect - there it is appreciated on a par with gold, and sometimes above it. During the wedding ceremony, the newlyweds are made to give objects from jade: handles, perfume bottles, writing, musical instruments, caskets, fporers, tobackerki, cups, glasses and other souvenirs - this is the best way to make your wishes for well-being and prosperity.
Nephritis has antiseptic properties Therefore, in China until the moment of the invention of the porcelain, all the dishes were made from it. The pool, the walls of which are decorated with this stone, less often need cleaning and changing water - it remains clean longer.
Nephritis is an excellent construction and finishing material. Due to the variety of color gamut and the uniqueness of the inner drawing, it is often used with the external and interior decoration of concert halls, palaces of creativity, fountains and private residences.
In the royal and royal palaces there are often elements of the decor of jade. It makes facing of fireplaces from it, the furniture inlaim them is used to finish floors and walls.
About how to distinguish real jade from the fake, see the next video.