Viola da Gamba is a musical instrument with five-seven strings and a bow, resembling a relative cello related cello. Usually, the Viola play in a sitting position, vertically holding it between her knees or placing the sidewall on the leg.
History and meaning
A musical instrument appeared in the XVI century in the revival era. If we compare with violins, then its proportions had a shortened body regarding the length of the strings and a flat bottom deck. The gamps were thinner and easier, their shape of the body was not so outlined that it was not an impact on the recoverable sound.
Of the whole family of Viol, a foot gamba maintained the most important thing: for the game on the Gamba, many works of the famous authors of the mid XVIII century were described. To the completion of the XVI century, the mass spread of violins began in Italy as the most suitable Italian mentality of musical instruments, the gambo found their true purpose in the UK. Viola Yes Gamba fully approached the Musicative British, there are many wonderful music created for ensembles for an entire century. In those years in the families of the British Musicians there were gamuts of different sizes.
Gamba due to the special structure of the grid with frets, retrieved more sophisticated and muted sound than the tools of a violin family, but did not give freedom of intonation. Thin soft sounds were its brightest expressive agent, and sound overloads did not occur.
However, the country, where the solo capabilities of the gambo were completely disclosed, France became closer to the end of the XVII century. The range of the gamps was extended, added another low string. Due to the promotion of connoisseurs of music, a great diversity of refined musical works Marina Mare was issued.
In the compositions of the French, it was possible to identify inherent in the plug-in lengthening techniques. Gamba received the utmost development of its technical component. In the game on Viool, aristocrats and representatives of a noble family were improved. Despite the deep sound, the gamuts over time were crowded with violins who sounded loudly in large halls, but had less strings. The intimacy of the musical sound made a solo tool with a solo tool, suitable only for small rooms, and the extraction of aligned, deprived of the dynamism of sounds was simultaneously the reason for the recession of the popularity of this extraordinary tool. Upon completion of the XVIII century, the gamps almost completely disappeared from everybody, and their place was taken by Cello.
Varieties
As a rule, there are four varieties of Viol da Gamba:
- alte;
- tenor;
- distant;
- Basic.
In addition to the main species, Viols were made, having and resonant strings. The strings tuned in unison were driven by keys, as well as bardon strings were located on the jiff.
For a tenor Viola, which is the representative of this family and the generally accepted name "Viola da Gamba" was entrenched. In the entire history of the existence of the tool used gamuts:
- solo;
- ensemble;
- orchestral.
The British revealed the solo capabilities of the Gamba and began to produce reduced bass gamas, called Division-Viol. A smaller solid solo harm with variable system was called Lira Viol.
Revival tool
The revival of Viol da Gamba occurred at the beginning of the 20th century, when the Gambist Christian Debutians became the Debutant of the New Century, who fulfilled Sonatu K. F. Abel in 1905 The Döberayaker also performed the middle of the XVIII century repertoire at the Gamba, soling the composer Bach in concerts.
In about the same time, in some European countries, interests of Violet are awakened in some European countries, the ensembles of the Violists are beginning to be created, for example, A. Vetsinger's family in Basel, as well as mixed ensembles of vintage tools with Viola.
Viola da Gamba, almost forgotten and displaced by other instruments, returned to the concert halls and churches at the expense of the performances of performers. The best virtuoso on the game on the gamba was recognized by the Italian Paolo Pandolfo. Today, it is assumed that the double bass combines some characteristics and viola, and violin. The game on the instrument was recreated by lovers of a viola and special societies, which are included by the musicians who are fond.
About how Viola da Gamba sounds, see the next video.