Dressed Christmas tree, decorated house, rich table with different goodies, gifts. All this is an integral part of the new year. However, modern realities of the celebration are largely different from the period of the existence of the USSR. Moreover, there was a time when the new year with his main attribute was not at all banned.
History
The history of the birth of the New Year's holiday in the USSR is very interesting and very unusual. Start standing since 1917. It was then that Russia replaced the Julian calendar to Gregorian. For this reason, there was a movement of the New Year holiday in the midst of the Christmas post.
This fact fell by the Bolshevikov Bolsheviks. After some time, the party began to oppose Christmas, a new year got under the wave.
For over 5 years about Christmas holidays and the New Year, the Soviet society has expressed only from a negative point of view. but Another splash of aggression occurred in 1928, when an announcement of the newsletter of Christmas toys sets appeared in the newspaper "True". The anti-religious public fell against the publication, falling asleep by the editors by angry letters, some even offered to close the newspaper.
Gradually, the scandal with Christmas toys was forgotten, and in the mid-1930s, ideologues began to talk about the Christmas tree, as an important part of the New Year holiday, not mentioning Christmas. Due to this in 1935, by order of the member of the Presidium of the CEC, the USSR Posysshev in the city of Kharkov was held the first mass matinee for young children. And almost a year later, it was decided to legitimize the new year, since this holiday is common and marked by the workers.
Already in 1937, the New Year holiday began to celebrate with full swing. At different points of Moscow, two big Christmas trees were installed. And on January 1, a carnival was held in the house of unions. From this event, the tradition of decoration of premises in the New Year's stylist.
In 1938, when considering the issue of installing the main tree, Stalin made it clear that it was wrong to divide the New Year's tree to the main and unmarked. At the same time, a campaign for gifts to remote corners was organized. Experienced pilots and parachutists not only showed their skills, but also congratulated compatriots with one of the main holidays of the country.
New Year in 1945 turned out to be a bright and joyful holiday for the Soviet people. The height of the main Christmas tree was 26 meters. In the role of Santa Claus appeared artist Preobrazhensky. For him, this status was held for many years. On the main staircase of young guests, animators were found in costumes. Children remembered the hare orchestra. Different rides worked in the lobby. In general, the holiday turned out to be one of the best. And only in 1947 it was made to declare on January 1 officially weekend.
After the death of Stalin, the New Year tree was allowed to put in the hall of the Grand Kremlin Palace . Invitations to the matinee were sent to children by mail. One of the invited turned out to be Mark Orlovsky. His father died at the front during the Second World War. All the kids who came to the matinee were happy to the holiday and the ability to freely resemble the Kremlin.
From the same time a lot of time has passed, the Soviet Union collapsed, the total territory shared on various states. However, there are much in common between them, and first of all - the New Year holiday.
How did you celebrate and when started?
From 1918 to 1935, the New Year's holiday did not have official status. Everything changed only in 1936. But despite the night festival, on January 1, remained a working day.
Only in the post-war period of the New Year became a real holiday. Christmas decorations appeared on sale with the image of the symbols of the USSR. The people and came up with interesting toys from paper and other materials. The main thing is that the cohesion between people happened, everyone became one big family. Grandparents, who lived to the present day, recall the post-war celebration of the New Year with nostalgia. In this magic night on the tables, scarce appears, there were gifts under the Christmas tree, and most importantly, the most native and relatives were gathered at the festive table.
Procurement of products for the festive table began in a few weeks. In advance, a few days before the celebration, put and dressed up a Christmas tree, decorated the house. To the appointed time of the host houses met guests, all were disappeared at the table. Noisy conversations and farewell with a coming year proceeded for interesting films, for example, "Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Ferry!".
Before the battle of the Kurats filled wine glasses, glasses, glasses. The Secons with information about achievements for the year and congratulations on the coming holiday appeared on the screen.
As soon as the chimes began to beat, all in one voice shouted "Hurray!". Then on the television scrapes included the "blue light", everyone began to dance, sing, having fun. The transfer was completed at about 3 pm. After it included the transfer of "melodies and rhythms of foreign pop."
The events in honor of the New Year were arranged at enterprises. Instead of a dinner break, employees glued on the windows windows, rehearsed the rooms to the corporate concert. People with artistic talent painted wall newspaper and festive posters. Trade union leaders agreed the place and time of the event. Mandatory on the holiday was Santa Claus and Snow Maiden.
But no matter how cool, the new year in the Soviet Union was considered a children's holiday. Schoolchildren in Soviet times began to rest on December 31, but for adults it was an ordinary working day.
Matrees in schools and kindergartens
New Year's matinee was an important part of the life of school and pre-school institutions. Not only children were preparing for the holiday, but also educators with their parents. Moms of nights sewed costumes, dads created accessories. The children learned the poems, and after they told them to Santa Claus near the festive Christmas tree.
An individual program was prepared for each new matinee. New characters, performances, contests were worked out. In each new presentation, Santa Claus or Snow Maiden fell into trouble, and the children should have been saved. At the end of the holiday, Santa Claus gave children gifts - sweets in beautiful packaging.
New Year's matinee in the gardens tried to arrange on the eve of the weekend days. In schools, the event arranged a few days before the holidays started, which lasted almost 2 weeks.
What did you cook on the table?
The shortage of many goods in Soviet times led to huge queues in stores. And for sure Find a wonderful goods, hostess crowds attacked product trays in advance.
Green peas used greatly popular. It was this product that was an integral part of the Salad "Olivier". And also in the list of sought-after goods for the New Year's table was attended by Servelat, boiled sausage, salt herring.
Special attention was paid to drinks on the festive table. From the showcase, alcoholic products of different fortresses were closed. But the most common was the Soviet champagne. Soviet juice sold people preferred home compotes cooked by their own hands.
A chicken with potatoes was baked as a hot dish. Only chickens were considered a deficit and issued 2 carcasses in hand.
No New Year's table remained without a big bowl of the cold.
Mandatory salads were "Olivier", "Herlenka under a fur coat", "Vinaigrette", "Mimosa".
What did they give?
On the eve of the New Year, everyone around congratulated each other "Happy Coming." And for the closest people prepared gifts.
Dear and beloved women presented perfume, and men - toilet water. Wives with husbands gave a cufflink or tie. Children were gifted by sweet sets.
Particular attention was paid to greeting cards. They were an integral part of any gift.
The main thing was correct and tastefully pick up a congratulatory liner. On the reverse side, the postcards were present sections where the sender and text of wishes were indicated.
How did the interior decorated?
An important part of the New Year's interior is a festive Christmas tree. Various toys hung on her, decorated with Mishur, rain. However, in Soviet times, Christmas decorations did not have a wide variety. At the beginning of the 40s, toys made toys from cardboard and extruded wool. A little later began to produce monophonic glass balls.
Very beautiful and spectacular looked on the Christmas tree toys in the form of lanterns, houses, birds and clock.
Having achieved success in the space industry, the country marked it in decorations for the Christmas tree - Christmas toys appeared in the form of rockets with symbols of the USSR. Besides, A series of toys on clothespins was released, and the friendly Soviet people gave them to their friends.
Be sure to decorate at home and apartments. Of course, there was no abundance of New Year's decorations for the interior, so citizens plunged their fantasy and created masterpieces with their own hands. Snowflakes cut out, made beads of colored paper, fucked on the ceiling artificial rain.
Customs and traditions
The main tradition of the new year is the appeal of the head of state to the Soviet people. All residents of the country with glasses in their hands listened to congratulations and farewell to the Secretary General.
Another tradition is to prepare dumplings with a surprise. Inside the coin was invested, and to whom it would fall, he will be rich in the new year.
Another interesting custom of Soviet time is the exchange of postcards with unfamiliar people.
More about the new year in the USSR, see the following video.