Salyuki is one of the most ancient breeds. Many believe that they were the first dogs settled next to the man. Salyuki got tremendous popularity due to their hunting qualities and friendliness.
History of origin
Salyuki is considered one of the first first breeds tamed by man. Its historic homeland is the Middle East and North of Africa (primarily ancient Egypt). This opinion was first expressed by a scientist L. P. Sabaneev in the XIX century. In his work, he put forward that the progenitor of all greyhounds became theses - greyhound Pharaohs. They were like Saluk by the physique, but had standing ears and a wrapped tail.
The researcher believed that they had four similar breeds: Salyuki (Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran), salvages (Tunisia and Morocco), Azavaki (South Sahara) and Bell Mura (African greyene and mountain-type).
The emergence of these breeds on such a large territory Sabaneev associated with the colonization of the terrain by the Phoenicians and the relocation of Arabian tribes (approx. 3000 BC). This opinion was dominated until the middle of the XX century.
In 1959, the researcher S. N. Bogolyubsky published a work in which he expressed the assumption of the origin of Salyuk and theses from the general ancestor. He was debunking the myth that Saluki was originated from theses, and allocated two forms of greyhound - North African and Eurasian. They acquired differences due to accommodation in different conditions and gave rise to several breeds of greyhounds and two different centers of their distribution, and later met on one territory.
At the moment, scientists agree that the theory of Bogolyubsky more accurately describes the development of the Saluki breed. The appearance of these dogs belong to the XI - X century BC. NS. And they consider them a separate breed, which is up to 4000 to n. NS. was influenced by theses. After the II millennium BC. NS. Theses stopped playing a decisive role in the spread of greyhounds, and Salyuki came to the fore.
However, the separation of greyhounds from the Arabian Peninsula and dogs that occurred from theses, very conditionally.
In the images found in Egypt, there are drawings of Fold Borzi (this is characteristic of Saluk), and on the Islands of the Mediterranean Sea there are greyhound greyhound with standing ears (for example, dogs of Ibiza), which allegedly be delivered to the Arabs during conquering campaigns in IX-XI centuries.
Scientists have no consensus about when these dogs began to live with a man. However, we can trace the origin and development of these animals in mummies who find in the Egyptian tombs, rock paintings and poetry.
The first mention of these dogs found in Egypt and belong to the period when Pharaohs have not yet existed - 9000 - 10,000 years BC. NS. To this period include the most ancient mummy dogs of the Saluki breed. The poems of the Arab poet Abu Nuwas, dated IX - VIII century, are known. BC er. which he devotes his salus. Abu Nuwas calls her "Salukia":
"How can I glorify Saluka, who belongs to me?
His hunting luck will not run away from him!
All delicacies that I have my hunting trophies -
His merit and mining, my guest is full of his works. "
In 7-6 tons. BC NS. The breed was finally imposed and spread throughout the Middle East. To this period, saliuki-carved carved from ivory, found in the territory of the Arabian Peninsula. This breed is mentioned in verses of Persian poets, which date 3000 BC. NS. The next in ancient times the find was made in Egypt: in one of the pyramids, the barilyph was discovered, at which the scenes of hunting with dogs of red and red-pegs were depicted.
Interestingly, this breed was so highly appreciated in Egypt that they were made by special collars, encrusted with precious stones, and the Arabs and Bedouins greeted them in their tents.
Muslims considered them "clean animals" and never called Borzov "Al Calb" (dog), as it was considered the greatest insult. Instead, the word "Al Hur" (noble) was used. They were never bought and not sold. Saluk could be given to close relatives and friends. As a gratitude for such a gift, a person could ask anything.
The situation of Salyuki was so exceptional that after Muslim stroked the dog, he could go to the mosque and make only those prayers who wanted. At the same time, he did not lose the "purity", as it happened when contacting any other animal (except horse).
Salyuk never laid on the ground and did not leave unattended on the street. In the cities, special flooring under the roofs of houses were built in cities. In the tents of Bedouins, they lived on the territory of women behind the curtain on a special litter. For the night and on the cold days they were covered with a warm bedspread, and on hot days, women were sewed with light rains that protected dogs from burns.
During the hunt, the men covered their legs with a mixture of henna and clay, which protected vulnerable parts from burns (during the day in the desert heats up heavily), cuts and other damage.
All animals extracted with the help of Salyuki were resolved for the use of orthodox Muslims. With the exception of those animals that the dog began to eat itself. This postulate was recorded in one of the Hadizov (statements of the Prophet Mohammad) devoted to the content of dogs and the use of them for the hunt and the protection of herd.
Interestingly, in the Hadise, the following indication is given: all dogs should be launched from a leash with the words "in the name of Allah!". And from each person containing a dog not for hunting and guard, it was supposed to take the tax for every day that this dog belongs to the owner.
Another exceptional feature of these dogs was that they ate the same food as a person. Borz nutrition has always been well monitored: it was balanced and consisted of meat, camel milk and confused dates.
The spread of representatives of this breed in Europe took place in two stages. The first stage of distribution lasted until 1840. It is characterized by the fact that due to the appearance and fall of a whole series of empires, in the Middle East, the North of Africa and the South of Europe (for example, the Roman Empire, Alexander Macedonian Empire), Salyuki was distributed throughout the Mediterranean coast. However, they did not save their purebredness and quickly mixed with other rocks.
These dogs took part in the crusades in the XI - XV centuries.
However, their main occupation was still hunting. And in Europe and in Arab countries, they contain wealthy feudals, so the hunt went into the rank of entertainment and was a big event in which the cavalcades were attended, before serunted borz and hunting falcons.
The second stage of the spread of Salyuk in Europe began in the XIX century, when they were launched from Syria. In 1840, the Hamilton Smith researcher brought several individuals from Persia. They were demonstrated at the amateur exhibition in the Ridge-Park. And already in 1874, the breed is mentioned in the breeding book of the Kennel Club as "Persian Borzaya".
Next time, representatives of this breed were presented at the exhibition in 1900. In 1923, the breed was recognized in England, and within a few years in the United States.
In Russia, Salyuki appeared in 1897 at the exhibition of dogs. Then Kobel Gruce took the gold medal. However, breeding began only in 1990-X, after importing European breeding dogs.
Fate Salyuk in the countries of the Middle East was ambiguous. At the Arabian Peninsula, the hunt is considered an indicator of human well-being, and trained purebred saluts can cost a whole condition.
And in Iran, the hunt is prohibited, and the police have shot many dogs of this breed, the owners of which used them for illegal hunting. The most purebred individuals are preserved in Bedouin tribes living in the deserts.
Description
Standard number: FCI NO269
Group: Broke for hunting and running.
Section: Broke with long wool or wools.
The general view of Salyuki is the embodiment of proportionality, graces and grace. There are many varieties, but for all representatives of the breed there are general standards.
- Head. The skull has a strongly elongated shape and is proportioned in the width with the case. The transition from the forehead to the face is weakly generated. The gap between the ears is smooth, without convexities. The ears are movable and highly planted, in calm state tightly adjacent to the head. On the ears there is a long soft wool. The dog should have a smooth bite. The nose dump can be black or brown. The eyes are large, but not convex.
- Neck Long, elegant, with well-developed muscles.
- Back Wide enough. Deep, big chest, tightened belly. The front of the body is much larger than the rear.
- Tail should not be higher than the jumping joint. It lowered and long enough. At the bottom there is a characteristic suspension from soft wool.
- Front limbs Well set back and have a developed muscles. Shoulders and blades are approximately equal in length. Long, straight forearms are moving into wide powerful peasants. In the hind limbs are well expressed by the jumping joints and are almost not expressed articulation of knee joints.
- Wool smooth and soft . On the legs, tail and throat there are products. Rough or felt wool is considered a serious vice.
The main characteristics of an adult dog:
- the weight - 14 - 27 kg;
- height - 60 - 70 cm;
- Life expectancy - 10-14 years old.
Color is allowed any, but the tiger is considered undesirable. But at the same time, the tiger color is not a vice and cannot be caused by the disqualification of a pet at competitions, for example.
Interestingly, the accepted standards of the Salyuki breed were approved on the European variety of rocks, and purebred individuals living in Bedouin tribes often do not comply with these standards in any parameter.
Character
Saluki are very intelligent, delicate, calm and sensitive. They do not endure when they raise the voice. And it does not matter if they scream on them or at all. If the dog understands that the conflict begins, she tries to go into such a place where no one will touch it.
They have a sense of self-esteem, sometimes turning in arrogance. This is expressed in recognition by the owner of only one person. Of course, the dog will be friendly with all family members, but to execute teams and serve it will be only one person.
Saluki do not like to contact with children. This is due to the fact that children often annoy animals and do not see personal borders. The dog will not start the conflict first, but if the child began to crawl animal, then she can stand up for himself.
There is another moment to take into account: if the dog is regularly nervous and do not give her opportunities to be alone, then it turns into a wet, nervous animal that will not come to contact even with the owner.
Salyuki is sufficiently kept in the manifestation of emotions. For example, the dog will be completely indifferent to the people unfamiliar to it and Laskov with those whom she knows (even if this person is not a family member). They never require special attention of man, do not rush with the requirement of hugs. Sometimes there is a feeling that the owner of Salyuk is needed only to feed, walk and scratch behind the ear. Interestingly, with such a detached behavior, the animal sincerely loves the owner and may suffer from loneliness.
Salyuki are sociable and fit well in flocks. But at the same time do not have discomfort, if there are no other four-legs in proximity. Persian greyhounds in this regard are very independent.
It is quite different about the situation with other pets.
Due to the developed hunting instinct, Salyuki perceive other pets as their prey. This behavior can be reversed with long-term training, but in many cases instinct takes its own and, for example, the cat becomes potential prey.
Conditions for content
Since the breed was formed in the hot climate of the Middle East, they worry about cold weather. That is why Salyuki is not suitable for breeding and living in aviaries and booths - they are moving there only for the summer.
Persian greyhounds are quite large and mobile dogs, so they are not recommended to start their apartments. The most comfortable for animals will be a house with a large plot. However, if the dog does not have enough movement, then it can go to walk to walk.
Borz dogs have two features:
- they need a lot of movement;
- They "discharge the battery" for a very short time.
The average salico is enough for 40 minutes to feed. But the walking itself is better to spend at the pace so that the dog has the opportunity to move away. It is advisable to do it in the fields. Bike for walking Saluki is too slow, a scooter or a motorcycle is suitable. And remember that the hunting instinct curb is very difficult, so that any moving object causes a hunting excitement in a greyhound.
Persian greyhounds are distinguished by excellent health, the basis of which lies in proper nutrition and sufficient physical exertion. Despite this, there are a number of diseases that can manifest themselves with a pet:
- dilatation cardiomyopathy (violations in the work of the heart);
- hypothyroidism (violation in the work of the thyroid gland);
- Hemangiosarcoma.
Dogs recommend showing pet veterinarian at least once every six months.
What to feed?
An interesting situation with food Salyuki. Among the representatives of this breed, the roots are extremely rare, so the healthy animal itself decides how much he needs to eat. The diet and the volume of portions depends on the degree of activity of the animal and its age.
The first 1.5 weeks after the puppy ceases to feed the mother-dog, its diet is milk, cereal and nutrient mixtures. From about two months (when physical exertion increases) in the diet phasately adds:
- meat;
- eggs (in raw form or confused and added to porridge);
- porridge on meat broth;
- meat;
- vegetables.
An excellent option for powering a puppy in the first few days after it is taken from the nursery, it will become Ready food from the breeder.
Feed the puppy better At one time and in one place. The pet will quickly get used to his place and will not scatter food.
Cottage cheese and kefir introduced into the diet of adult salus. In addition, the portion of meat increases. The rest of the diet remains the same.
It is worth considering the following nuances:
- Adult dog can ignore strangers to her;
- Puppy feed 2-3 times a day, adult individual - 1-2 times a day.
Exclude from the diet:
- fatty products;
- fried or smoked dishes;
- sweets.
The salicuk body is very sensitive, and the nutritional disorder leads to obesity, problems with digestion, gastritis, allergies and other troubles.
How to care?
Salyuki rarely and little linen. Their wool even in wet state does not make an unpleasant odor. In addition, animals from nature are clean and will not sin bathing in the ditch. It becomes especially important if we consider that they are contraindicated by frequent water treatments. This is due to the fact that they have a very thin body fat.
Experts do not recommend washing Salyuk more often than 2-3 times a month. At the same time, you need to use gentle shampoos and balms (for more easy-to-leak), and after the procedure, dry the coat with a towel.
Special attention should be paid to ears (they must be cleaned once a month and after the procedures necessarily wipe dry) and claws (if the dog is active, then claws are stepping themselves, and if physical exertion is limited, then claws should be written and grind).
To care for wool, we recommend growing with ridges of different frequency. They are needed in order to deduct chopencies and repusions that the animal brings from a walk. In the summer, it is worth limiting the stay of a dog under the outdoor sun. This is due to the fact that Salyuki is deprived of a bleat.
During walks, it is recommended to binting a pet's pet and put on a special case in order to protect the tail. However, these are ineffective measures, since during the running dog drops everything too much.
Training and upbringing
The main purpose of training is to teach the dog to the main set of teams "sit", "not", "stand", "to me" and the like. You should not expect from a pet execution of some complex teams. Saluki still not circus dogs.
Training begins at 3-4 months. Prior to this, you need to teach a pet to his place in the house, to establish relationships and mutual confidence with him.
Since over the Millennium, the main quality that developed at Saluk was a hunting instinct, then training (and generally teams) they obey reluctantly. And at the pursuit, the dog ceases to react at all.
Interestingly, approximately two years old puppies demonstrate to the owners of donkey stubbornness. Checologists are associated with the fact that the animal checks the person for strength.
In order to facilitate the management of the dog, apply Special clizers . These devices publish clicks with which certain actions are associated with training. Also kinologies are recommended to apply a "positive reinforcement" method, which lies in the fact that the animal obedience is given a delicacy. This method is especially well working when Saluki is fond of in their games and do not respond to cliques.
These dogs do not like when they repeat the same thing. They can respond 2-4 times per person, but if you repeat one command 10 times, the pet simply ignores you.
Salyuki very much like when they talk to them, explaining the meaning of things and actions. This can be used if the animal is afraid of any procedure. The attention of the dog in the process of communication is easy to manage.
About the features of the breed, see below.