Traditional flavor who boasts the national Uzbek dishes, fascinates many people. It stands out with a pleasant appearance, and which is no less important, behind these products there is a centuries-old experience of artisans. Until now, the production methods have been used for centuries, and therefore the products of Goncharov Uzbekistan deserves maximum attention.
Features and History
The Uzbek approach to the manufacture of dishes implies the use of both simple baked clay and ceramics. In the process of working on products, manual painting "Pathel" is used. The classic eastern style is invariably harmoniously looks in itself, and as part of the interior. The sophistication of the Uzbek approach allows to provide a comfort and a warm decor. The masters know how to achieve a clear separation of motifs.
Ceramic products and china in Uzbekistan began to do even during the existence of the Great Silk Road. Previously, the production of them began in the city of Rishtean. The classic ornament was then "Pakhta" - the drawing of cotton flowers was so called. Initially, in riste and near him, all the ceramics were made strictly manually. So continued until the twentieth century. Only since the 1920s, the creation of factories begins, instead of workshops.
The old handicraft workshops themselves gradually closed. Previously, the potters who worked in them or left their craft at all, or crossed as employees to large enterprises. Now there are 2 main factory - "Asia Paiyints Ceramics" and SIMAX F + Z.
But the porcelain factory in Tashkent, which supplied extensive territories for a few more decades ago, now does not work. Previously, there were dishes, labeled Bird Anko Bird. Now the same product is released in:
- other cities of Uzbekistan;
- PRC;
- Turkey.
The painting, which is used in the Uzbek ceramic industry, appears outwardly reminiscent of modern Gzhel. And this is quite natural similarity. Stylistic features were picked up by masters from old Russian regions. Only concrete images were picked up more familiar to our buyer.
High-quality ceramic goods will really please people, and it is them that they are often used to decorate the desk before the arrival of honored guests.
Main varieties
To submit pilaf, most often use plates for 4, 5 or 6 persons. In addition, the same kits usually add the main dish with a diameter to 0.5 m. There are also tea sets in which ceramic brewing teapots and cups are included, where tea will be spilled. A separate conversation deserve large flat dishes, which are called Lyan. They are put in the middle of the table.
Langan diameter varies from 0.1 to 0.3 m. They can have a different form:
- square;
- circle;
- oval.
The oldest views of the dishes in Uzbekistan appeared in Khorezma. So far, there is a ceramics strictly according to the old rules. Only classical motifs and natural technologies are used. You can not be afraid that somewhere the modern, made on the chemical plant paint or synthetic varnish. The painting of Khorezm dishes implies the applying of stylized petals.
In the middle of them, the dagger is placed. His presence in the figure is no coincidence that is an ancient symbol to which in mythology attribute the ability to protect the owners of dishes. At the same time, protection is assumed not only from personal enemies, but also from all sorts of misfortunes that are not related to specific people.
A similar motive is rooted in gray antiquity. It can be found even on ceramics made over 2,000 years ago.
Khorezm ornaments are well recognizable, and local masters diligently avoid any innovation without extreme need. That is why they manage to preserve an extraordinary colorful flavor in a constant form. Another excellent type of old kitchen utensil is "Rishtan". Ceramics doing in this city know connoisseurs worldwide. It stands out not only by unusual drawings, but also rarely encountered emerald color.
All raw materials are taken directly from the neighborhood of the city. There are also clay blanks, and paints that are applied to the finished product. Of course, the drawings are not just so selected. Any of souvenir products made in ristean carries a strictly defined meaning. It is possible to decipher it, exactly knowing the cultural code of the Uzbek people. Masters from Rishtean believes that they are available to the best clay in the world.
There is even the opinion that it does not require pre-processing. Dyes are obtained from herbs growing near the city. The recipe for the coloring mixture is selected in ancient times. And still ceramics in the style of Rishtan completely follows the proportions.
But at the same time there are no products in the design of products. Any master has its own local production secrets. Thanks to this, almost every product is unique, and the manufacturer's hand is confidently identifying all experts. Some sets of dishes and tea sets are made in copyright style. The bottom line is that their creators completely refuse any canons, reproducing only general national motives.
Uzbek life is impossible to imagine without small and large ones. Cups in the form of a hemisphere that do not have pens are found in every home. Very often there are and miniature variants of the saw used for brandy and vodka. Bans on the part of the clergy are ignored - yet the XXI century cannot but affect. Larger than piles, capacitances - spit or casia (depending on pronunciation) - are needed for soup, sauce, other liquid or semi-liquid dishes. Spit make various values. But most often used by Langans. They are needed for solid and crumbly food. Liquid foods in these dishes are not put.
IMPORTANT: I should not call the Lyan "plate" - any Uzbek or a real connoisseur will insult, having heard such an illiterate name.
There are a number of dishes, externally reminiscent of Lyan, but differing from it the name. In this name, the word "Tovok" is always included in one form or another. It just means in the literal translation of the "cup" or "dish."
- Nim-Tovok - Translate as "partially open capacity." Externally, it looks like a major bowl with relatively modest sides.
- Tovok Labangardon - It is customary to translate as a "dish with arched edges." And in fact, around the perimeter it is slightly turned out.
- Meaning Tovok - Flat utensils designed for bread and confectionery.
- Andijan tradition Melted to use Palov-Tovkov. As it is easy to guess, it is needed for the use of pill. A feature of such a written is the placement on the leg. The oil along the high walls flows to the bottom of the bowl. Therefore, you can enjoy the original taste of the aromatic pill. Important: In Tashkent, unlike Andijan and Fergana, Palov-Tovok do not use. Probably, the whole oily dishes themselves is probably.
- Even in Andijan and in the Fergana Valley as a whole, ladies are often used . This is a dish that simultaneously has the function of the lid. Basically it is necessary not to feed the eats on the table, but for the calculation of individual ingredients. Going to the Uzbek cuisine, you can often see how the cook puts in the ladies-tovok the boiled meat pieces.
Khorezm surprises tourists and connoisseurs of exotics by another type of ceramic dishes - Badia (in another pronunciation of the body). From Langana Badia is the greater depth and height of the side. The outer wall can be supplied directly and at an angle of 85 degrees. But intermediate options are encountered - with relatively smoothed bevel. Since the body is always put on a high leg, some experts suggest that it has become a side development of ladies.
The utensils even larger the name of Togora - literally "bowl" or "pelvis". Tauro do not only from ceramics, but sometimes from metal. However, this is not some kind of specific type of dishes, but rather the collective name of large deep vessels. Therefore, it is important when buying through the Internet or order according to the catalog clearly clarify what it is meant. Metal Togors, unlike ceramic, do not have special decorative value.
It is interesting
In addition to the general classification of Uzbek dishes, it is important to know other nuances. In Rashtan, the bushes are occasionally put in clay a cacical fluff or a bird feather. The voids formed during the subsequent roasting facilitate finished containers and ensure the similarity of the thermos effect. To obtain Ishkovoy glaze:
- Collect the same plant;
- burn it;
- Gilt ash at temperatures above 1200 degrees so that crystals appear;
- grind crystalline ash;
- mix it with quartz sand;
- Add a small amount of flour and fragmented white pebbles.
Green color glazing gives copper, and cobalt uses for blue. Tin is placed not for staining, but in order to strengthen the dishes itself.
Important: Tin is used in a very small amount, since it can be toxic.
Regardless of the subtleties of the recipe and technological nuances, the true "Rishtan" has small cracks. On them accurately recognize the original product; Fakes are invariably devoid of the slightest flaws.
The main enterprise of Uzbekistan for the production of dishes is the company "Pakhta". She does:
- milkers;
- Hats for dummies with stands;
- vases;
- fruitnets;
- sets for spices;
- dental;
- peppers;
- Salon;
- Creams;
- saucers and salad bowls;
- Triangular, rectangular, oval plates.
A total of Over 80 varieties of such dishes . "Rishtan ceramics" is not lagging behind. Products of this company are characterized by brightness and beauty. She really embodies the ideal of traditional Uzbek dishes. The painting is always carried out by the same type, which allows you to choose sets from individual components without any problems.
In the next video you are waiting for the pros and cons of Uzbek Kazanov, knives and dishes.